X-Git-Url: http://nitlanguage.org

diff --git a/src/model/model.nit b/src/model/model.nit
index ff12710..62c3db4 100644
--- a/src/model/model.nit
+++ b/src/model/model.nit
@@ -74,11 +74,7 @@ redef class Model
 	# Visibility or modules are not considered
 	fun get_mclasses_by_name(name: String): nullable Array[MClass]
 	do
-		if mclasses_by_name.has_key(name) then
-			return mclasses_by_name[name]
-		else
-			return null
-		end
+		return mclasses_by_name.get_or_null(name)
 	end
 
 	# Collections of properties grouped by their short name
@@ -92,11 +88,7 @@ redef class Model
 	# Visibility or modules are not considered
 	fun get_mproperties_by_name(name: String): nullable Array[MProperty]
 	do
-		if not mproperties_by_name.has_key(name) then
-			return null
-		else
-			return mproperties_by_name[name]
-		end
+		return mproperties_by_name.get_or_null(name)
 	end
 
 	# The only null type
@@ -203,31 +195,40 @@ redef class MModule
 	private var flatten_mclass_hierarchy_cache: nullable POSet[MClass] = null
 
 	# The primitive type `Object`, the root of the class hierarchy
-	fun object_type: MClassType
-	do
-		var res = self.object_type_cache
-		if res != null then return res
-		res = self.get_primitive_class("Object").mclass_type
-		self.object_type_cache = res
-		return res
-	end
-
-	private var object_type_cache: nullable MClassType
+	var object_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Object").mclass_type is lazy
 
 	# The type `Pointer`, super class to all extern classes
 	var pointer_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Pointer").mclass_type is lazy
 
 	# The primitive type `Bool`
-	fun bool_type: MClassType
-	do
-		var res = self.bool_type_cache
-		if res != null then return res
-		res = self.get_primitive_class("Bool").mclass_type
-		self.bool_type_cache = res
-		return res
-	end
+	var bool_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Bool").mclass_type is lazy
+
+	# The primitive type `Int`
+	var int_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Int").mclass_type is lazy
+
+	# The primitive type `Char`
+	var char_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Char").mclass_type is lazy
 
-	private var bool_type_cache: nullable MClassType
+	# The primitive type `Float`
+	var float_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("Float").mclass_type is lazy
+
+	# The primitive type `String`
+	var string_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("String").mclass_type is lazy
+
+	# The primitive type `NativeString`
+	var native_string_type: MClassType = self.get_primitive_class("NativeString").mclass_type is lazy
+
+	# A primitive type of `Array`
+	fun array_type(elt_type: MType): MClassType do return array_class.get_mtype([elt_type])
+
+	# The primitive class `Array`
+	var array_class: MClass = self.get_primitive_class("Array") is lazy
+
+	# A primitive type of `NativeArray`
+	fun native_array_type(elt_type: MType): MClassType do return native_array_class.get_mtype([elt_type])
+
+	# The primitive class `NativeArray`
+	var native_array_class: MClass = self.get_primitive_class("NativeArray") is lazy
 
 	# The primitive type `Sys`, the main type of the program, if any
 	fun sys_type: nullable MClassType
@@ -250,7 +251,9 @@ redef class MModule
 	fun get_primitive_class(name: String): MClass
 	do
 		var cla = self.model.get_mclasses_by_name(name)
-		if cla == null then
+		# Filter classes by introducing module
+		if cla != null then cla = [for c in cla do if self.in_importation <= c.intro_mmodule then c]
+		if cla == null or cla.is_empty then
 			if name == "Bool" and self.model.get_mclasses_by_name("Object") != null then
 				# Bool is injected because it is needed by engine to code the result
 				# of the implicit casts.
@@ -260,11 +263,11 @@ redef class MModule
 				cladef.add_in_hierarchy
 				return c
 			end
-			print("Fatal Error: no primitive class {name}")
+			print("Fatal Error: no primitive class {name} in {self}")
 			exit(1)
 		end
 		if cla.length != 1 then
-			var msg = "Fatal Error: more than one primitive class {name}:"
+			var msg = "Fatal Error: more than one primitive class {name} in {self}:"
 			for c in cla do msg += " {c.full_name}"
 			print msg
 			#exit(1)
@@ -432,8 +435,17 @@ class MClass
 	#
 	# Warning: such a definition may not exist in the early life of the object.
 	# In this case, the method will abort.
+	#
+	# Use `try_intro` instead
 	var intro: MClassDef is noinit
 
+	# The definition that introduces the class or null if not yet known.
+	#
+	# See `intro`
+	fun try_intro: nullable MClassDef do
+		if isset _intro then return _intro else return null
+	end
+
 	# Return the class `self` in the class hierarchy of the module `mmodule`.
 	#
 	# SEE: `MModule::flatten_mclass_hierarchy`
@@ -476,6 +488,9 @@ class MClass
 	end
 
 	private var get_mtype_cache = new HashMap[Array[MType], MGenericType]
+
+	# Is there a `new` factory to allow the pseudo instantiation?
+	var has_new_factory = false is writable
 end
 
 
@@ -623,7 +638,7 @@ class MClassDef
 	var in_hierarchy: nullable POSetElement[MClassDef] = null
 
 	# Is the definition the one that introduced `mclass`?
-	fun is_intro: Bool do return mclass.intro == self
+	fun is_intro: Bool do return isset mclass._intro and mclass.intro == self
 
 	# All properties introduced by the classdef
 	var intro_mproperties = new Array[MProperty]
@@ -693,6 +708,8 @@ abstract class MType
 		if sup isa MNullableType then
 			sup_accept_null = true
 			sup = sup.mtype
+		else if sup isa MNotNullType then
+			sup = sup.mtype
 		else if sup isa MNullType then
 			sup_accept_null = true
 		end
@@ -700,16 +717,20 @@ abstract class MType
 		# Can `sub` provide null or not?
 		# Thus we can match with `sup_accept_null`
 		# Also discard the nullable marker if it exists
+		var sub_reject_null = false
 		if sub isa MNullableType then
 			if not sup_accept_null then return false
 			sub = sub.mtype
+		else if sub isa MNotNullType then
+			sub_reject_null = true
+			sub = sub.mtype
 		else if sub isa MNullType then
 			return sup_accept_null
 		end
 		# Now the case of direct null and nullable is over.
 
 		# If `sub` is a formal type, then it is accepted if its bound is accepted
-		while sub isa MParameterType or sub isa MVirtualType do
+		while sub isa MFormalType do
 			#print "3.is {sub} a {sup}?"
 
 			# A unfixed formal type can only accept itself
@@ -717,12 +738,16 @@ abstract class MType
 
 			assert anchor != null
 			sub = sub.lookup_bound(mmodule, anchor)
+			if sub_reject_null then sub = sub.as_notnull
 
 			#print "3.is {sub} a {sup}?"
 
 			# Manage the second layer of null/nullable
 			if sub isa MNullableType then
-				if not sup_accept_null then return false
+				if not sup_accept_null and not sub_reject_null then return false
+				sub = sub.mtype
+			else if sub isa MNotNullType then
+				sub_reject_null = true
 				sub = sub.mtype
 			else if sub isa MNullType then
 				return sup_accept_null
@@ -730,10 +755,10 @@ abstract class MType
 		end
 		#print "4.is {sub} a {sup}? <- no more resolution"
 
-		assert sub isa MClassType # It is the only remaining type
+		assert sub isa MClassType else print "{sub} <? {sub}" # It is the only remaining type
 
 		# A unfixed formal type can only accept itself
-		if sup isa MParameterType or sup isa MVirtualType then
+		if sup isa MFormalType then
 			return false
 		end
 
@@ -984,16 +1009,25 @@ abstract class MType
 		return res
 	end
 
-	# Return the not nullable version of the type
-	# Is the type is already not nullable, then self is returned.
+	# Remove the base type of a decorated (proxy) type.
+	# Is the type is not decorated, then self is returned.
 	#
-	# Note: this just remove the `nullable` notation, but the result can still contains null.
+	# Most of the time it is used to return the not nullable version of a nullable type.
+	# In this case, this just remove the `nullable` notation, but the result can still contains null.
 	# For instance if `self isa MNullType` or self is a formal type bounded by a nullable type.
-	fun as_notnullable: MType
+	# If you really want to exclude the `null` value, then use `as_notnull`
+	fun undecorate: MType
 	do
 		return self
 	end
 
+	# Returns the not null version of the type.
+	# That is `self` minus the `null` value.
+	#
+	# For most types, this return `self`.
+	# For formal types, this returns a special `MNotNullType`
+	fun as_notnull: MType do return self
+
 	private var as_nullable_cache: nullable MType = null
 
 
@@ -1199,7 +1233,7 @@ class MGenericType
 		for t in arguments do
 			args.add t.full_name
 		end
-		return "{mclass.full_name}[{args.join(", ")}]}"
+		return "{mclass.full_name}[{args.join(", ")}]"
 	end
 
 	redef var c_name is lazy do
@@ -1255,9 +1289,19 @@ class MGenericType
 	end
 end
 
+# A formal type (either virtual of parametric).
+#
+# The main issue with formal types is that they offer very little information on their own
+# and need a context (anchor and mmodule) to be useful.
+abstract class MFormalType
+	super MType
+
+	redef var as_notnull = new MNotNullType(self) is lazy
+end
+
 # A virtual formal type.
 class MVirtualType
-	super MType
+	super MFormalType
 
 	# The property associated with the type.
 	# Its the definitions of this property that determine the bound or the virtual type.
@@ -1298,7 +1342,7 @@ class MVirtualType
 	redef fun lookup_fixed(mmodule: MModule, resolved_receiver: MType): MType
 	do
 		assert not resolved_receiver.need_anchor
-		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.as_notnullable
+		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.undecorate
 		assert resolved_receiver isa MClassType # It is the only remaining type
 
 		var prop = lookup_single_definition(mmodule, resolved_receiver)
@@ -1385,7 +1429,7 @@ end
 # Note that parameter types are shared among class refinements.
 # Therefore parameter only have an internal name (see `to_s` for details).
 class MParameterType
-	super MType
+	super MFormalType
 
 	# The generic class where the parameter belong
 	var mclass: MClass
@@ -1407,7 +1451,7 @@ class MParameterType
 	redef fun lookup_bound(mmodule: MModule, resolved_receiver: MType): MType
 	do
 		assert not resolved_receiver.need_anchor
-		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.as_notnullable
+		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.undecorate
 		assert resolved_receiver isa MClassType # It is the only remaining type
 		var goalclass = self.mclass
 		if resolved_receiver.mclass == goalclass then
@@ -1435,7 +1479,7 @@ class MParameterType
 	redef fun lookup_fixed(mmodule: MModule, resolved_receiver: MType): MType
 	do
 		assert not resolved_receiver.need_anchor
-		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.as_notnullable
+		resolved_receiver = resolved_receiver.undecorate
 		assert resolved_receiver isa MClassType # It is the only remaining type
 		var res = self.resolve_for(resolved_receiver.mclass.mclass_type, resolved_receiver, mmodule, false)
 		return res
@@ -1507,33 +1551,24 @@ class MParameterType
 	end
 end
 
-# A type prefixed with "nullable"
-class MNullableType
+# A type that decorates another type.
+#
+# The point of this class is to provide a common implementation of sevices that just forward to the original type.
+# Specific decorator are expected to redefine (or to extend) the default implementation as this suit them.
+abstract class MProxyType
 	super MType
-
-	# The base type of the nullable type
+	# The base type
 	var mtype: MType
 
 	redef fun model do return self.mtype.model
-
-	init
-	do
-		self.to_s = "nullable {mtype}"
-	end
-
-	redef var to_s: String is noinit
-
-	redef var full_name is lazy do return "nullable {mtype.full_name}"
-
-	redef var c_name is lazy do return "nullable__{mtype.c_name}"
-
 	redef fun need_anchor do return mtype.need_anchor
-	redef fun as_nullable do return self
-	redef fun as_notnullable do return mtype
+	redef fun as_nullable do return mtype.as_nullable
+	redef fun as_notnull do return mtype.as_notnull
+	redef fun undecorate do return mtype.undecorate
 	redef fun resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule, cleanup_virtual)
 	do
 		var res = self.mtype.resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule, cleanup_virtual)
-		return res.as_nullable
+		return res
 	end
 
 	redef fun can_resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule)
@@ -1541,12 +1576,10 @@ class MNullableType
 		return self.mtype.can_resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule)
 	end
 
-	# Efficiently returns `mtype.lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver).as_nullable`
 	redef fun lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver)
 	do
 		var t = mtype.lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver)
-		if t == mtype then return self
-		return t.as_nullable
+		return t
 	end
 
 	redef fun depth do return self.mtype.depth
@@ -1572,6 +1605,64 @@ class MNullableType
 	end
 end
 
+# A type prefixed with "nullable"
+class MNullableType
+	super MProxyType
+
+	init
+	do
+		self.to_s = "nullable {mtype}"
+	end
+
+	redef var to_s: String is noinit
+
+	redef var full_name is lazy do return "nullable {mtype.full_name}"
+
+	redef var c_name is lazy do return "nullable__{mtype.c_name}"
+
+	redef fun as_nullable do return self
+	redef fun resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule, cleanup_virtual)
+	do
+		var res = super
+		return res.as_nullable
+	end
+
+	# Efficiently returns `mtype.lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver).as_nullable`
+	redef fun lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver)
+	do
+		var t = super
+		if t == mtype then return self
+		return t.as_nullable
+	end
+end
+
+# A non-null version of a formal type.
+#
+# When a formal type in bounded to a nullable type, this is the type of the not null version of it.
+class MNotNullType
+	super MProxyType
+
+	redef fun to_s do return "not null {mtype}"
+	redef var full_name is lazy do return "not null {mtype.full_name}"
+	redef var c_name is lazy do return "notnull__{mtype.c_name}"
+
+	redef fun as_notnull do return self
+
+	redef fun resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule, cleanup_virtual)
+	do
+		var res = super
+		return res.as_notnull
+	end
+
+	# Efficiently returns `mtype.lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver).as_notnull`
+	redef fun lookup_fixed(mmodule, resolved_receiver)
+	do
+		var t = super
+		if t == mtype then return self
+		return t.as_notnull
+	end
+end
+
 # The type of the only value null
 #
 # The is only one null type per model, see `MModel::null_type`.
@@ -1582,6 +1673,9 @@ class MNullType
 	redef fun full_name do return "null"
 	redef fun c_name do return "null"
 	redef fun as_nullable do return self
+
+	# Aborts on `null`
+	redef fun as_notnull do abort # sorry...
 	redef fun need_anchor do return false
 	redef fun resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule, cleanup_virtual) do return self
 	redef fun can_resolve_for(mtype, anchor, mmodule) do return true
@@ -1765,6 +1859,9 @@ abstract class MProperty
 	# The visibility of the property
 	var visibility: MVisibility
 
+	# Is the property usable as an initializer?
+	var is_autoinit = false is writable
+
 	init
 	do
 		intro_mclassdef.intro_mproperties.add(self)
@@ -1795,10 +1892,13 @@ abstract class MProperty
 	# If mtype does not know mproperty then an empty array is returned.
 	#
 	# If you want the really most specific property, then look at `lookup_first_definition`
+	#
+	# REQUIRE: `not mtype.need_anchor` to simplify the API (no `anchor` parameter)
+	# ENSURE: `not mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self) == result.is_empty`
 	fun lookup_definitions(mmodule: MModule, mtype: MType): Array[MPROPDEF]
 	do
 		assert not mtype.need_anchor
-		mtype = mtype.as_notnullable
+		mtype = mtype.undecorate
 
 		var cache = self.lookup_definitions_cache[mmodule, mtype]
 		if cache != null then return cache
@@ -1833,11 +1933,12 @@ abstract class MProperty
 	#
 	# If you want the really most specific property, then look at `lookup_next_definition`
 	#
-	# FIXME: Move to `MPropDef`?
+	# REQUIRE: `not mtype.need_anchor` to simplify the API (no `anchor` parameter)
+	# ENSURE: `not mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self) implies result.is_empty`
 	fun lookup_super_definitions(mmodule: MModule, mtype: MType): Array[MPROPDEF]
 	do
 		assert not mtype.need_anchor
-		mtype = mtype.as_notnullable
+		mtype = mtype.undecorate
 
 		# First, select all candidates
 		var candidates = new Array[MPROPDEF]
@@ -1901,24 +2002,28 @@ abstract class MProperty
 	#
 	# FIXME: the linearization is still unspecified
 	#
-	# REQUIRE: `not mtype.need_anchor`
+	# REQUIRE: `not mtype.need_anchor` to simplify the API (no `anchor` parameter)
 	# REQUIRE: `mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self)`
 	fun lookup_first_definition(mmodule: MModule, mtype: MType): MPROPDEF
 	do
-		assert mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self)
 		return lookup_all_definitions(mmodule, mtype).first
 	end
 
 	# Return all definitions in a linearization order
 	# Most specific first, most general last
+	#
+	# REQUIRE: `not mtype.need_anchor` to simplify the API (no `anchor` parameter)
+	# REQUIRE: `mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self)`
 	fun lookup_all_definitions(mmodule: MModule, mtype: MType): Array[MPROPDEF]
 	do
-		assert not mtype.need_anchor
-		mtype = mtype.as_notnullable
+		mtype = mtype.undecorate
 
 		var cache = self.lookup_all_definitions_cache[mmodule, mtype]
 		if cache != null then return cache
 
+		assert not mtype.need_anchor
+		assert mtype.has_mproperty(mmodule, self)
+
 		#print "select prop {mproperty} for {mtype} in {self}"
 		# First, select all candidates
 		var candidates = new Array[MPROPDEF]