X-Git-Url: http://nitlanguage.org

diff --git a/src/typing.nit b/src/typing.nit
index 5873c60..462fe04 100644
--- a/src/typing.nit
+++ b/src/typing.nit
@@ -18,70 +18,92 @@
 # By OO-services we mean message sending, attribute access, instantiation, etc.
 module typing
 
-import flow
-import modelbuilder
+import modelize
+import local_var_init
+
+redef class ToolContext
+	var typing_phase: Phase = new TypingPhase(self, [flow_phase, modelize_property_phase, local_var_init_phase])
+end
+
+private class TypingPhase
+	super Phase
+	redef fun process_npropdef(npropdef) do npropdef.do_typing(toolcontext.modelbuilder)
+end
 
 private class TypeVisitor
 	var modelbuilder:  ModelBuilder
-	var nclassdef: AClassdef
-	var mpropdef: MPropDef
+
+	# The module of the analysis
+	# Used to correctly query the model
+	var mmodule: MModule
+
+	# The static type of the receiver
+	# Mainly used for type tests and type resolutions
+	var anchor: nullable MClassType
+
+	# The analyzed mclassdef
+	var mclassdef: nullable MClassDef
+
+	# The analyzed property
+	var mpropdef: nullable MPropDef
 
 	var selfvariable: Variable = new Variable("self")
 
-	init(modelbuilder: ModelBuilder, nclassdef: AClassdef, mpropdef: MPropDef)
+	# Is `self` use restricted?
+	# * no explicit `self`
+	# * method called on the implicit self must be top-level
+	var is_toplevel_context = false
+
+	init(modelbuilder: ModelBuilder, mmodule: MModule, mpropdef: nullable MPropDef)
 	do
 		self.modelbuilder = modelbuilder
-		self.nclassdef = nclassdef
-		self.mpropdef = mpropdef
+		self.mmodule = mmodule
 
-		var mclass = nclassdef.mclassdef.mclass
+		if mpropdef != null then
+			self.mpropdef = mpropdef
+			var mclassdef = mpropdef.mclassdef
+			self.mclassdef = mclassdef
+			self.anchor = mclassdef.bound_mtype
 
-		var selfvariable = new Variable("self")
-		self.selfvariable = selfvariable
-		selfvariable.declared_type = mclass.mclass_type
-	end
+			var mclass = mclassdef.mclass
 
-	fun mmodule: MModule do return self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
+			var selfvariable = new Variable("self")
+			self.selfvariable = selfvariable
+			selfvariable.declared_type = mclass.mclass_type
 
-	fun anchor: MClassType do return self.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
+			var mprop = mpropdef.mproperty
+			if mprop isa MMethod and mprop.is_toplevel then
+				is_toplevel_context = true
+			end
+		end
+	end
 
 	fun anchor_to(mtype: MType): MType
 	do
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
-		var anchor = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
+		var anchor = anchor
+		if anchor == null then
+			assert not mtype.need_anchor
+			return mtype
+		end
 		return mtype.anchor_to(mmodule, anchor)
 	end
 
 	fun is_subtype(sub, sup: MType): Bool
 	do
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
-		var anchor = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
 		return sub.is_subtype(mmodule, anchor, sup)
 	end
 
 	fun resolve_for(mtype, subtype: MType, for_self: Bool): MType
 	do
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
-		var anchor = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
 		#print "resolve_for {mtype} sub={subtype} forself={for_self} mmodule={mmodule} anchor={anchor}"
 		var res = mtype.resolve_for(subtype, anchor, mmodule, not for_self)
 		return res
 	end
 
-	# Retrieve the signature of a MMethodDef resolved for a specific call.
-	# This method is an helper to symplify the query on the model.
-	#
-	# Note: `for_self` indicates if the reciever is self or not.
-	# If yes, virtual types are not resolved.
-	fun resolve_signature_for(mmethoddef: MMethodDef, recv: MType, for_self: Bool): MSignature
-	do
-		return self.resolve_for(mmethoddef.msignature.as(not null), recv, for_self).as(MSignature)
-	end
-
 	# Check that `sub` is a subtype of `sup`.
 	# If `sub` is not a valud suptype, then display an error on `node` an return null.
 	# If `sub` is a safe subtype of `sup` then return `sub`.
-	# If `sun` is an insafe subtype (ie an imlicit cast is required), then return `sup`.
+	# If `sub` is an insafe subtype (ie an imlicit cast is required), then return `sup`.
 	#
 	# The point of the return type is to determinate the usable type on an expression:
 	# If the suptype is safe, then the return type is the one on the expression typed by `sub`.
@@ -109,7 +131,7 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 	# Return the type of the expression
 	# Display an error and return null if:
 	#  * the type cannot be determined or
-	#  * `nexpr' is a statement
+	#  * `nexpr` is a statement
 	fun visit_expr(nexpr: AExpr): nullable MType
 	do
 		nexpr.accept_typing(self)
@@ -127,11 +149,11 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 		return null
 	end
 
-	# Visit an expression and expect its static type is a least a `sup'
-	# Return the type of the expression
+	# Visit an expression and expect its static type is a least a `sup`
+	# Return the type of the expression or null if
 	#  * the type cannot be determined or
-	#  * `nexpr' is a statement
-	#  * `nexpt' is not a `sup'
+	#  * `nexpr` is a statement or
+	#  * `nexpr` is not a `sup`
 	fun visit_expr_subtype(nexpr: AExpr, sup: nullable MType): nullable MType
 	do
 		var sub = visit_expr(nexpr)
@@ -146,11 +168,11 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 		return res
 	end
 
-	# Visit an expression and expect its static type is a bool
-	# Return the type of the expression
+	# Visit an expression and expect its static type is a `Bool`
+	# Return the type of the expression or null if
 	#  * the type cannot be determined or
-	#  * `nexpr' is a statement
-	#  * `nexpt' is not a `sup'
+	#  * `nexpr` is a statement or
+	#  * `nexpr` is not a `Bool`
 	fun visit_expr_bool(nexpr: AExpr): nullable MType
 	do
 		return self.visit_expr_subtype(nexpr, self.type_bool(nexpr))
@@ -165,11 +187,9 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 		var sup = self.resolve_mtype(ntype)
 		if sup == null then return null # Forward error
 
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
-		var anchor = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
 		if sup == sub then
 			self.modelbuilder.warning(node, "Warning: Expression is already a {sup}.")
-		else if self.is_subtype(sub, sup) and not sup.need_anchor then
+		else if self.is_subtype(sub, sup) then
 			self.modelbuilder.warning(node, "Warning: Expression is already a {sup} since it is a {sub}.")
 		end
 		return sup
@@ -177,24 +197,22 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 
 	fun try_get_mproperty_by_name2(anode: ANode, mtype: MType, name: String): nullable MProperty
 	do
-		return self.modelbuilder.try_get_mproperty_by_name2(anode, self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule, mtype, name)
+		return self.modelbuilder.try_get_mproperty_by_name2(anode, mmodule, mtype, name)
 	end
 
 	fun resolve_mtype(node: AType): nullable MType
 	do
-		return self.modelbuilder.resolve_mtype(self.nclassdef, node)
+		return self.modelbuilder.resolve_mtype(mmodule, mclassdef, node)
 	end
 
 	fun try_get_mclass(node: ANode, name: String): nullable MClass
 	do
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
 		var mclass = modelbuilder.try_get_mclass_by_name(node, mmodule, name)
 		return mclass
 	end
 
 	fun get_mclass(node: ANode, name: String): nullable MClass
 	do
-		var mmodule = self.nclassdef.mclassdef.mmodule
 		var mclass = modelbuilder.try_get_mclass_by_name(node, mmodule, name)
 		if mclass == null then
 			self.modelbuilder.error(node, "Type Error: missing primitive class `{name}'.")
@@ -231,8 +249,16 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 		end
 
 		assert mproperty isa MMethod
-		if mproperty.visibility == protected_visibility and not recv_is_self and self.mmodule.visibility_for(mproperty.intro_mclassdef.mmodule) < intrude_visibility then
-			self.modelbuilder.error(node, "Error: Method '{name}' is protected and can only acceded by self. {mproperty.intro_mclassdef.mmodule.visibility_for(self.mmodule)}")
+
+		if is_toplevel_context and recv_is_self and not mproperty.is_toplevel then
+			error(node, "Error: '{name}' is not a top-level method, thus need a receiver.")
+		end
+		if not recv_is_self and mproperty.is_toplevel then
+			error(node, "Error: cannot call '{name}', a top-level method, with a receiver.")
+		end
+
+		if mproperty.visibility == protected_visibility and not recv_is_self and self.mmodule.visibility_for(mproperty.intro_mclassdef.mmodule) < intrude_visibility and not modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_ignore_visibility.value then
+			self.modelbuilder.error(node, "Error: Method '{name}' is protected and can only acceded by self.")
 			return null
 		end
 
@@ -249,12 +275,13 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 		end
 
 
-		var msignature = self.resolve_signature_for(mpropdef, recvtype, recv_is_self)
+		var msignature = mpropdef.new_msignature or else mpropdef.msignature.as(not null)
+		msignature = resolve_for(msignature, recvtype, recv_is_self).as(MSignature)
 
 		var erasure_cast = false
 		var rettype = mpropdef.msignature.return_mtype
 		if not recv_is_self and rettype != null then
-			if rettype isa MNullableType then rettype = rettype.mtype
+			rettype = rettype.as_notnullable
 			if rettype isa MParameterType then
 				var erased_rettype = msignature.return_mtype
 				assert erased_rettype != null
@@ -263,7 +290,7 @@ private class TypeVisitor
 			end
 		end
 
-		var callsite = new CallSite(node, recvtype, recv_is_self, mproperty, mpropdef, msignature, erasure_cast)
+		var callsite = new CallSite(node, recvtype, mmodule, anchor, recv_is_self, mproperty, mpropdef, msignature, erasure_cast)
 		return callsite
 	end
 
@@ -375,9 +402,15 @@ class CallSite
 	# The assiciated node for location
 	var node: ANode
 
-	# The statis type of the receiver
+	# The static type of the receiver (possibly unresolved)
 	var recv: MType
 
+	# The module where the callsite is present
+	var mmodule: MModule
+
+	# The anchor to use with `recv` or `msignature`
+	var anchor: nullable MClassType
+
 	# Is the receiver self?
 	# If "for_self", virtual types of the signature are keeped
 	# If "not_for_self", virtual type are erased
@@ -462,17 +495,16 @@ redef class APropdef
 	var selfvariable: nullable Variable
 end
 
-redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
+redef class AMethPropdef
 	redef fun do_typing(modelbuilder: ModelBuilder)
 	do
-		var nclassdef = self.parent.as(AClassdef)
-		var mpropdef = self.mpropdef.as(not null)
-		var v = new TypeVisitor(modelbuilder, nclassdef, mpropdef)
-		self.selfvariable = v.selfvariable
-
 		var nblock = self.n_block
 		if nblock == null then return
 
+		var mpropdef = self.mpropdef.as(not null)
+		var v = new TypeVisitor(modelbuilder, mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, mpropdef)
+		self.selfvariable = v.selfvariable
+
 		var mmethoddef = self.mpropdef.as(not null)
 		for i in [0..mmethoddef.msignature.arity[ do
 			var mtype = mmethoddef.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
@@ -485,12 +517,6 @@ redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
 			assert variable != null
 			variable.declared_type = mtype
 		end
-		for i in [0..mmethoddef.msignature.mclosures.length[ do
-			var mclosure = mmethoddef.msignature.mclosures[i]
-			var variable = self.n_signature.n_closure_decls[i].variable
-			assert variable != null
-			variable.declared_type = mclosure.mtype
-		end
 		v.visit_stmt(nblock)
 
 		if not nblock.after_flow_context.is_unreachable and mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype != null then
@@ -503,8 +529,8 @@ end
 redef class AAttrPropdef
 	redef fun do_typing(modelbuilder: ModelBuilder)
 	do
-		var nclassdef = self.parent.as(AClassdef)
-		var v = new TypeVisitor(modelbuilder, nclassdef, self.mpropdef.as(not null))
+		var mpropdef = self.mpropdef.as(not null)
+		var v = new TypeVisitor(modelbuilder, mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, mpropdef)
 		self.selfvariable = v.selfvariable
 
 		var nexpr = self.n_expr
@@ -519,14 +545,14 @@ end
 
 redef class AExpr
 	# The static type of the expression.
-	# null if self is a statement of in case of error
+	# null if self is a statement or in case of error
 	var mtype: nullable MType = null
 
 	# Is the statement correctly typed?
-	# Used to distinguish errors and statements when `mtype' == null
+	# Used to distinguish errors and statements when `mtype == null`
 	var is_typed: Bool = false
 
-	# If required, the following implicit cast ".as(XXX)"
+	# If required, the following implicit cast `.as(XXX)`
 	# Such a cast may by required after evaluating the expression when
 	# a unsafe operation is detected (silently accepted by the Nit language).
 	# The attribute is computed by `check_subtype`
@@ -548,6 +574,13 @@ redef class ABlockExpr
 		for e in self.n_expr do v.visit_stmt(e)
 		self.is_typed = true
 	end
+
+	# The type of a blockexpr is the one of the last expression (or null if empty)
+	redef fun mtype
+	do
+		if self.n_expr.is_empty then return null
+		return self.n_expr.last.mtype
+	end
 end
 
 redef class AVardeclExpr
@@ -575,11 +608,13 @@ redef class AVardeclExpr
 			end
 		end
 
-		if mtype == null then
-			mtype = v.get_mclass(self, "Object").mclass_type.as_nullable
+		var decltype = mtype
+		if mtype == null or mtype isa MNullType then
+			decltype = v.get_mclass(self, "Object").mclass_type.as_nullable
+			if mtype == null then mtype = decltype
 		end
 
-		variable.declared_type = mtype
+		variable.declared_type = decltype
 		v.set_variable(self, variable, mtype)
 
 		#debug("var {variable}: {mtype}")
@@ -621,18 +656,15 @@ redef class AVarAssignExpr
 end
 
 redef class AReassignFormExpr
-	# @depreciated use `reassign_callsite`
-	fun reassign_property: nullable MMethodDef do return self.reassign_callsite.mpropdef
-
 	# The method designed by the reassign operator.
 	var reassign_callsite: nullable CallSite
 
 	var read_type: nullable MType = null
 
-	# Determine the `reassign_property'
-	# `readtype' is the type of the reading of the left value.
-	# `writetype' is the type of the writing of the left value.
-	# (Because of ACallReassignExpr, both can be different.
+	# Determine the `reassign_property`
+	# `readtype` is the type of the reading of the left value.
+	# `writetype` is the type of the writing of the left value.
+	# (Because of `ACallReassignExpr`, both can be different.
 	# Return the static type of the value to store.
 	private fun resolve_reassignment(v: TypeVisitor, readtype, writetype: MType): nullable MType
 	do
@@ -677,6 +709,8 @@ redef class AVarReassignExpr
 		var readtype = v.get_variable(self, variable)
 		if readtype == null then return
 
+		read_type = readtype
+
 		var writetype = variable.declared_type
 		if writetype == null then return
 
@@ -797,40 +831,62 @@ end
 redef class AForExpr
 	var coltype: nullable MClassType
 
-	var method_iterator: nullable MMethod
-	var method_is_ok: nullable MMethod
-	var method_item: nullable MMethod
-	var method_next: nullable MMethod
-	var method_key: nullable MMethod
+	var method_iterator: nullable CallSite
+	var method_is_ok: nullable CallSite
+	var method_item: nullable CallSite
+	var method_next: nullable CallSite
+	var method_key: nullable CallSite
 
 	private fun do_type_iterator(v: TypeVisitor, mtype: MType)
 	do
+		if mtype isa MNullType then
+			v.error(self, "Type error: 'for' cannot iterate over 'null'")
+			return
+		end
+
+		# get obj class
 		var objcla = v.get_mclass(self, "Object")
 		if objcla == null then return
 
+		# check iterator method
+		var itdef = v.get_method(self, mtype, "iterator", n_expr isa ASelfExpr)
+		if itdef == null then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects a type providing 'iterator' method, got '{mtype}'.")
+			return
+		end
+		self.method_iterator = itdef
+
+		# check that iterator return something
+		var ittype = itdef.msignature.return_mtype
+		if ittype == null then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects method 'iterator' to return an 'Iterator' or 'MapIterator' type'.")
+			return
+		end
+
+		# get iterator type
+		var colit_cla = v.try_get_mclass(self, "Iterator")
+		var mapit_cla = v.try_get_mclass(self, "MapIterator")
 		var is_col = false
 		var is_map = false
 
-		var colcla = v.try_get_mclass(self, "Collection")
-		if colcla != null and v.is_subtype(mtype, colcla.get_mtype([objcla.mclass_type.as_nullable])) then
-			var coltype = mtype.supertype_to(v.mmodule, v.anchor, colcla)
-			self.coltype = coltype
+		if colit_cla != null and v.is_subtype(ittype, colit_cla.get_mtype([objcla.mclass_type.as_nullable])) then
+			# Iterator
+			var coltype = ittype.supertype_to(v.mmodule, v.anchor, colit_cla)
 			var variables =  self.variables
 			if variables.length != 1 then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected one variable")
+				v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects only one variable when using 'Iterator'.")
 			else
 				variables.first.declared_type = coltype.arguments.first
 			end
 			is_col = true
 		end
 
-		var mapcla = v.try_get_mclass(self, "Map")
-		if mapcla != null and v.is_subtype(mtype, mapcla.get_mtype([objcla.mclass_type.as_nullable, objcla.mclass_type.as_nullable])) then
-			var coltype = mtype.supertype_to(v.mmodule, v.anchor, mapcla)
-			self.coltype = coltype
+		if mapit_cla != null and v.is_subtype(ittype, mapit_cla.get_mtype([objcla.mclass_type, objcla.mclass_type.as_nullable])) then
+			# Map Iterator
+			var coltype = ittype.supertype_to(v.mmodule, v.anchor, mapit_cla)
 			var variables = self.variables
 			if variables.length != 2 then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected two variables")
+				v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects two variables when using 'MapIterator'.")
 			else
 				variables[0].declared_type = coltype.arguments[0]
 				variables[1].declared_type = coltype.arguments[1]
@@ -838,57 +894,47 @@ redef class AForExpr
 			is_map = true
 		end
 
-		if is_col or is_map then
-			# get iterator method
-			var coltype = self.coltype.as(not null)
-			var itdef = v.get_method(self, coltype, "iterator", true)
-			if itdef == null then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'iterator' in type {coltype}")
-				return
-			end
-			self.method_iterator = itdef.mproperty
+		if not is_col and not is_map then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects method 'iterator' to return an 'Iterator' or 'MapIterator' type'.")
+			return
+		end
 
-			# get iterator type
-			var ittype = itdef.msignature.return_mtype
-			if ittype == null then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'iterator' to return an Iterator type")
-				return
-			end
+		# anchor formal and virtual types
+		if mtype.need_anchor then mtype = v.anchor_to(mtype)
 
-			# get methods is_ok, next, item
-			var ikdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "is_ok", false)
-			if ikdef == null then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'is_ok' in Iterator type {ittype}")
-				return
-			end
-			self.method_is_ok = ikdef.mproperty
+		mtype = mtype.as_notnullable
+		self.coltype = mtype.as(MClassType)
 
-			var itemdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "item", false)
-			if itemdef == null then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'item' in Iterator type {ittype}")
-				return
-			end
-			self.method_item = itemdef.mproperty
+		# get methods is_ok, next, item
+		var ikdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "is_ok", false)
+		if ikdef == null then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects a method 'is_ok' in 'Iterator' type {ittype}.")
+			return
+		end
+		self.method_is_ok = ikdef
 
-			var nextdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "next", false)
-			if nextdef == null then
-				v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'next' in Iterator type {ittype}")
-				return
-			end
-			self.method_next = nextdef.mproperty
+		var itemdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "item", false)
+		if itemdef == null then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects a method 'item' in 'Iterator' type {ittype}.")
+			return
+		end
+		self.method_item = itemdef
 
-			if is_map then
-				var keydef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "key", false)
-				if keydef == null then
-					v.error(self, "Type Error: Expected method 'key' in Iterator type {ittype}")
-					return
-				end
-				self.method_key = keydef.mproperty
-			end
+		var nextdef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "next", false)
+		if nextdef == null then
+			v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects a method 'next' in 'Iterator' type {ittype}.")
 			return
 		end
+		self.method_next = nextdef
 
-		v.modelbuilder.error(self, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Do 'for' on {mtype}")
+		if is_map then
+			var keydef = v.get_method(self, ittype, "key", false)
+			if keydef == null then
+				v.error(self, "Type Error: 'for' expects a method 'key' in 'Iterator' type {ittype}.")
+				return
+			end
+			self.method_key = keydef
+		end
 	end
 
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
@@ -922,6 +968,15 @@ redef class AOrExpr
 	end
 end
 
+redef class AImpliesExpr
+	redef fun accept_typing(v)
+	do
+		v.visit_expr_bool(n_expr)
+		v.visit_expr_bool(n_expr2)
+		self.mtype = v.type_bool(self)
+	end
+end
+
 redef class AAndExpr
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
@@ -950,27 +1005,20 @@ redef class AOrElseExpr
 			return # Skip error
 		end
 
-		if t1 isa MNullableType then
-			t1 = t1.mtype
-		end
+		t1 = t1.as_notnullable
 
 		var t = v.merge_types(self, [t1, t2])
 		if t == null then
-			v.error(self, "Type Error: ambiguous type {t1} vs {t2}")
+			t = v.mmodule.object_type
+			if t2 isa MNullableType then
+				t = t.as_nullable
+			end
+			#v.error(self, "Type Error: ambiguous type {t1} vs {t2}")
 		end
 		self.mtype = t
 	end
 end
 
-redef class AEeExpr
-	redef fun accept_typing(v)
-	do
-		v.visit_expr(n_expr)
-		v.visit_expr(n_expr2)
-		self.mtype = v.type_bool(self)
-	end
-end
-
 redef class ATrueExpr
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
@@ -1028,12 +1076,15 @@ redef class ASuperstringExpr
 		if mclass == null then return # Forward error
 		self.mtype = mclass.mclass_type
 		for nexpr in self.n_exprs do
-			var t = v.visit_expr(nexpr)
+			v.visit_expr_subtype(nexpr, v.mmodule.object_type)
 		end
 	end
 end
 
 redef class AArrayExpr
+	var with_capacity_callsite: nullable CallSite
+	var push_callsite: nullable CallSite
+
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
 		var mtypes = new Array[nullable MType]
@@ -1051,11 +1102,18 @@ redef class AArrayExpr
 		end
 		var mclass = v.get_mclass(self, "Array")
 		if mclass == null then return # Forward error
-		self.mtype = mclass.get_mtype([mtype])
+		var array_mtype = mclass.get_mtype([mtype])
+
+		with_capacity_callsite = v.get_method(self, array_mtype, "with_capacity", false)
+		push_callsite = v.get_method(self, array_mtype, "push", false)
+
+		self.mtype = array_mtype
 	end
 end
 
 redef class ARangeExpr
+	var init_callsite: nullable CallSite
+
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
 		var discrete_class = v.get_mclass(self, "Discrete")
@@ -1066,13 +1124,28 @@ redef class ARangeExpr
 		if t1 == null or t2 == null then return
 		var mclass = v.get_mclass(self, "Range")
 		if mclass == null then return # Forward error
+		var mtype
 		if v.is_subtype(t1, t2) then
-			self.mtype = mclass.get_mtype([t2])
+			mtype = mclass.get_mtype([t2])
 		else if v.is_subtype(t2, t1) then
-			self.mtype = mclass.get_mtype([t1])
+			mtype = mclass.get_mtype([t1])
 		else
 			v.error(self, "Type Error: Cannot create range: {t1} vs {t2}")
+			return
+		end
+
+		self.mtype = mtype
+
+		# get the constructor
+		var callsite
+		if self isa ACrangeExpr then
+			callsite = v.get_method(self, mtype, "init", false)
+		else if self isa AOrangeExpr then
+			callsite = v.get_method(self, mtype, "without_last", false)
+		else
+			abort
 		end
+		init_callsite = callsite
 	end
 end
 
@@ -1085,7 +1158,7 @@ end
 
 redef class AIsaExpr
 	# The static type to cast to.
-	# (different from the static type of the expression that is Bool).
+	# (different from the static type of the expression that is `Bool`).
 	var cast_type: nullable MType
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
@@ -1116,6 +1189,8 @@ redef class AAsNotnullExpr
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
 		var mtype = v.visit_expr(self.n_expr)
+		if mtype == null then return # Forward error
+
 		if mtype isa MNullType then
 			v.error(self, "Type error: as(not null) on null")
 			return
@@ -1124,8 +1199,18 @@ redef class AAsNotnullExpr
 			self.mtype = mtype.mtype
 			return
 		end
-		# TODO: warn on useless as not null
 		self.mtype = mtype
+
+		if mtype isa MClassType then
+			v.modelbuilder.warning(self, "Warning: expression is already not null, since it is a `{mtype}`.")
+			return
+		end
+		assert mtype.need_anchor
+		var u = v.anchor_to(mtype)
+		if not u isa MNullableType then
+			v.modelbuilder.warning(self, "Warning: expression is already not null, since it is a `{mtype}: {u}`.")
+			return
+		end
 	end
 end
 
@@ -1140,6 +1225,9 @@ redef class ASelfExpr
 	redef var its_variable: nullable Variable
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
+		if v.is_toplevel_context and not self isa AImplicitSelfExpr then
+			v.error(self, "Error: self cannot be used in top-level method.")
+		end
 		var variable = v.selfvariable
 		self.its_variable = variable
 		self.mtype = v.get_variable(self, variable)
@@ -1149,9 +1237,6 @@ end
 ## MESSAGE SENDING AND PROPERTY
 
 redef class ASendExpr
-	# @depreciated: use `callsite`
-	fun mproperty: nullable MMethod do return callsite.mproperty
-
 	# The property invoked by the send.
 	var callsite: nullable CallSite
 
@@ -1172,7 +1257,6 @@ redef class ASendExpr
 		var msignature = callsite.msignature
 
 		var args = compute_raw_arguments
-		self.raw_arguments = args
 
 		callsite.check_signature(v, args)
 
@@ -1181,6 +1265,9 @@ redef class ASendExpr
 			if not (vmpropdef isa MMethodDef and vmpropdef.mproperty.is_init) then
 				v.error(self, "Can call a init only in another init")
 			end
+			if vmpropdef isa MMethodDef and vmpropdef.mproperty.is_root_init and not callsite.mproperty.is_root_init then
+				v.error(self, "Error: {vmpropdef} cannot call a factory {callsite.mproperty}")
+			end
 		end
 
 		var ret = msignature.return_mtype
@@ -1189,14 +1276,6 @@ redef class ASendExpr
 		else
 			self.is_typed = true
 		end
-
-		if self.n_closure_defs.length == msignature.mclosures.length then
-			for i in [0..self.n_closure_defs.length[ do
-				self.n_closure_defs[i].accept_typing(v, msignature.mclosures[i])
-			end
-		else
-			debug("closure: got {self.n_closure_defs.length}, want {msignature.mclosures.length}")
-		end
 	end
 
 	# The name of the property
@@ -1204,7 +1283,7 @@ redef class ASendExpr
 	private fun property_name: String is abstract
 
 	# An array of all arguments (excluding self)
-	var raw_arguments: nullable Array[AExpr]
+	fun raw_arguments: Array[AExpr] do return compute_raw_arguments
 
 	private fun compute_raw_arguments: Array[AExpr] is abstract
 end
@@ -1320,9 +1399,6 @@ redef class ABraAssignExpr
 end
 
 redef class ASendReassignFormExpr
-	# @depreciated use `write_callsite`
-	fun write_mproperty: nullable MMethod do return write_callsite.mproperty
-
 	# The property invoked for the writing
 	var write_callsite: nullable CallSite
 
@@ -1344,7 +1420,6 @@ redef class ASendReassignFormExpr
 		self.callsite = callsite
 
 		var args = compute_raw_arguments
-		self.raw_arguments = args
 
 		callsite.check_signature(v, args)
 
@@ -1393,11 +1468,16 @@ end
 redef class ASuperExpr
 	# The method to call if the super is in fact a 'super init call'
 	# Note: if the super is a normal call-next-method, then this attribute is null
-	var mproperty: nullable MMethod
+	var callsite: nullable CallSite
+
+	# The method to call is the super is a standard `call-next-method` super-call
+	# Note: if the super is a special super-init-call, then this attribute is null
+	var mpropdef: nullable MMethodDef
 
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
-		var recvtype = v.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
+		var recvtype = v.anchor
+		assert recvtype != null
 		var mproperty = v.mpropdef.mproperty
 		if not mproperty isa MMethod then
 			v.error(self, "Error: super only usable in a method")
@@ -1411,27 +1491,31 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
 			end
 			v.error(self, "Error: No super method to call for {mproperty}.")
 			return
-		else if superprops.length > 1 then
-			v.modelbuilder.warning(self, "Warning: NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Conflicting super method to call for {mproperty}: {superprops.join(", ")}.")
-			return
 		end
+		# FIXME: covariance of return type in linear extension?
 		var superprop = superprops.first
-		assert superprop isa MMethodDef
 
-		var msignature = v.resolve_signature_for(superprop, recvtype, true)
+		var msignature = superprop.msignature.as(not null)
+		msignature = v.resolve_for(msignature, recvtype, true).as(MSignature)
 		var args = self.n_args.to_a
 		if args.length > 0 then
 			v.check_signature(self, args, mproperty.name, msignature)
 		end
 		self.mtype = msignature.return_mtype
+		self.is_typed = true
+		v.mpropdef.has_supercall = true
+		mpropdef = v.mpropdef.as(MMethodDef)
 	end
 
 	private fun process_superinit(v: TypeVisitor)
 	do
-		var recvtype = v.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-		var mproperty = v.mpropdef.mproperty
+		var recvtype = v.anchor
+		assert recvtype != null
+		var mpropdef = v.mpropdef
+		assert mpropdef isa MMethodDef
+		var mproperty = mpropdef.mproperty
 		var superprop: nullable MMethodDef = null
-		for msupertype in v.nclassdef.mclassdef.supertypes do
+		for msupertype in mpropdef.mclassdef.supertypes do
 			msupertype = msupertype.anchor_to(v.mmodule, recvtype)
 			var errcount = v.modelbuilder.toolcontext.error_count
 			var candidate = v.try_get_mproperty_by_name2(self, msupertype, mproperty.name).as(nullable MMethod)
@@ -1439,12 +1523,15 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
 				if v.modelbuilder.toolcontext.error_count > errcount then return # Forard error
 				continue # Try next super-class
 			end
-			if superprop != null and superprop.mproperty != candidate then
+			if superprop != null and candidate.is_root_init then
+				continue
+			end
+			if superprop != null and superprop.mproperty != candidate and not superprop.mproperty.is_root_init then
 				v.error(self, "Error: conflicting super constructor to call for {mproperty}: {candidate.full_name}, {superprop.mproperty.full_name}")
 				return
 			end
 			var candidatedefs = candidate.lookup_definitions(v.mmodule, recvtype)
-			if superprop != null then
+			if superprop != null and superprop.mproperty == candidate then
 				if superprop == candidatedefs.first then continue
 				candidatedefs.add(superprop)
 			end
@@ -1458,14 +1545,32 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
 			v.error(self, "Error: No super method to call for {mproperty}.")
 			return
 		end
-		self.mproperty = superprop.mproperty
+
+		var msignature = superprop.new_msignature or else superprop.msignature.as(not null)
+		msignature = v.resolve_for(msignature, recvtype, true).as(MSignature)
+
+		var callsite = new CallSite(self, recvtype, v.mmodule, v.anchor, true, superprop.mproperty, superprop, msignature, false)
+		self.callsite = callsite
 
 		var args = self.n_args.to_a
-		var msignature = v.resolve_signature_for(superprop, recvtype, true)
 		if args.length > 0 then
-			v.check_signature(self, args, mproperty.name, msignature)
+			callsite.check_signature(v, args)
 		else
-			# TODO: Check signature
+			# Check there is at least enough parameters
+			if mpropdef.msignature.arity < msignature.arity then
+				v.error(self, "Error: Not enough implicit arguments to pass. Got {mpropdef.msignature.arity}, expected at least {msignature.arity}. Signature is {msignature}")
+				return
+			end
+			# Check that each needed parameter is conform
+			var i = 0
+			for sp in msignature.mparameters do
+				var p = mpropdef.msignature.mparameters[i]
+				if not v.is_subtype(p.mtype, sp.mtype) then
+					v.error(self, "Type error: expected argument #{i} of type {sp.mtype}, got implicit argument {p.name} of type {p.mtype}. Signature is {msignature}")
+					return
+				end
+				i += 1
+			end
 		end
 
 		self.is_typed = true
@@ -1475,9 +1580,6 @@ end
 ####
 
 redef class ANewExpr
-	# @depreciated use `callsite`
-	fun mproperty: nullable MMethod do return self.callsite.mproperty
-
 	# The constructor invoked by the new.
 	var callsite: nullable CallSite
 
@@ -1495,6 +1597,14 @@ redef class ANewExpr
 				v.error(self, "Type error: cannot instantiate the formal type {recvtype}.")
 				return
 			end
+		else
+			if recvtype.mclass.kind == abstract_kind then
+				v.error(self, "Cannot instantiate abstract class {recvtype}.")
+				return
+			else if recvtype.mclass.kind == interface_kind then
+				v.error(self, "Cannot instantiate interface {recvtype}.")
+				return
+			end
 		end
 
 		var name: String
@@ -1608,50 +1718,6 @@ end
 
 ###
 
-redef class AClosureCallExpr
-	redef fun accept_typing(v)
-	do
-		var variable = self.variable
-		if variable == null then return # Skip error
-
-		var recvtype = v.nclassdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-		var msignature = variable.declared_type.as(not null)
-		msignature = v.resolve_for(msignature, recvtype, false).as(MSignature)
-
-		var args = n_args.to_a
-		v.check_signature(self, args, variable.name, msignature)
-
-		self.is_typed = true
-		self.mtype = msignature.return_mtype
-	end
-end
-
-redef class AClosureDef
-	var mclosure: nullable MParameter
-
-	private fun accept_typing(v: TypeVisitor, mparameter: MParameter)
-	do
-		var variables = self.variables
-		if variables == null then return
-
-		self.mclosure = mparameter
-		var msignature = mparameter.mtype.as(MSignature)
-
-		if msignature.arity != variables.length then
-			v.error(self, "Type error: closure {mparameter.name} expects {msignature.arity} parameters, {variables.length} given")
-			return
-		end
-
-		for i in [0..variables.length[ do
-			variables[i].declared_type = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-		end
-
-		v.visit_stmt(self.n_expr)
-	end
-end
-
-###
-
 redef class ADebugTypeExpr
 	redef fun accept_typing(v)
 	do
@@ -1664,5 +1730,6 @@ redef class ADebugTypeExpr
 			var umtype = v.anchor_to(mtype)
 			v.modelbuilder.warning(self, "Found type {expr} (-> {unsafe}), expected {mtype} (-> {umtype})")
 		end
+		self.is_typed = true
 	end
 end