1 # This file is part of NIT ( http://www.nitlanguage.org ).
3 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
4 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
5 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
7 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9 # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
10 # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
11 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
12 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
13 # limitations under the License.
15 # Separate compilation of a Nit program with generic type erasure
16 module separate_erasure_compiler
18 intrude import separate_compiler
20 # Add separate erased compiler specific options
21 redef class ToolContext
23 var opt_erasure
= new OptionBool("Erase generic types", "--erasure")
25 var opt_rta
= new OptionBool("Activate RTA (implicit with --global and --separate)", "--rta")
26 # --no-check-erasure-cast
27 var opt_no_check_erasure_cast
= new OptionBool("Disable implicit casts on unsafe return with erasure-typing policy (dangerous)", "--no-check-erasure-cast")
32 self.option_context
.add_option
(self.opt_erasure
, self.opt_no_check_erasure_cast
, opt_rta
)
35 redef fun process_options
(args
)
39 if opt_no_check_all
.value
then
40 opt_no_check_erasure_cast
.value
= true
44 var erasure_compiler_phase
= new ErasureCompilerPhase(self, null)
47 class ErasureCompilerPhase
49 redef fun process_mainmodule
(mainmodule
, given_mmodules
) do
50 if not toolcontext
.opt_erasure
.value
then return
52 var modelbuilder
= toolcontext
.modelbuilder
54 if toolcontext
.opt_rta
.value
then
55 analysis
= modelbuilder
.do_rapid_type_analysis
(mainmodule
)
57 modelbuilder
.run_separate_erasure_compiler
(mainmodule
, analysis
)
61 redef class ModelBuilder
62 fun run_separate_erasure_compiler
(mainmodule
: MModule, runtime_type_analysis
: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis)
65 self.toolcontext
.info
("*** GENERATING C ***", 1)
67 var compiler
= new SeparateErasureCompiler(mainmodule
, self, runtime_type_analysis
)
68 compiler
.compile_header
70 # compile class structures
71 self.toolcontext
.info
("Property coloring", 2)
72 compiler
.new_file
("{mainmodule.name}.tables")
73 compiler
.do_property_coloring
74 for m
in mainmodule
.in_importation
.greaters
do
75 for mclass
in m
.intro_mclasses
do
76 compiler
.compile_class_to_c
(mclass
)
79 compiler
.compile_color_consts
(compiler
.vt_colors
)
81 # The main function of the C
82 compiler
.new_file
("{mainmodule.name}.main")
83 compiler
.compile_nitni_global_ref_functions
84 compiler
.compile_main_function
87 for m
in mainmodule
.in_importation
.greaters
do
88 self.toolcontext
.info
("Generate C for module {m}", 2)
89 compiler
.new_file
("{m.name}.sep")
90 compiler
.compile_module_to_c
(m
)
93 compiler
.display_stats
96 self.toolcontext
.info
("*** END GENERATING C: {time1-time0} ***", 2)
97 write_and_make
(compiler
)
101 class SeparateErasureCompiler
102 super SeparateCompiler
104 private var class_ids
: Map[MClass, Int] is noinit
105 private var class_colors
: Map[MClass, Int] is noinit
106 protected var vt_colors
: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int] is noinit
111 var poset
= mainmodule
.flatten_mclass_hierarchy
112 var mclasses
= new HashSet[MClass].from
(poset
)
113 var colorer
= new POSetColorer[MClass]
114 colorer
.colorize
(poset
)
115 class_ids
= colorer
.ids
116 class_colors
= colorer
.colors
117 class_tables
= self.build_class_typing_tables
(mclasses
)
119 # lookup vt to build layout with
120 var vts
= new HashMap[MClass, Set[MVirtualTypeProp]]
121 for mclass
in mclasses
do
122 vts
[mclass
] = new HashSet[MVirtualTypeProp]
123 for mprop
in self.mainmodule
.properties
(mclass
) do
124 if mprop
isa MVirtualTypeProp then
125 vts
[mclass
].add
(mprop
)
131 var vt_colorer
= new POSetBucketsColorer[MClass, MVirtualTypeProp](poset
, colorer
.conflicts
)
132 vt_colors
= vt_colorer
.colorize
(vts
)
133 vt_tables
= build_vt_tables
(mclasses
)
136 fun build_vt_tables
(mclasses
: Set[MClass]): Map[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]] do
137 var tables
= new HashMap[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]]
138 for mclass
in mclasses
do
139 var table
= new Array[nullable MPropDef]
140 # first, fill table from parents by reverse linearization order
141 var parents
= new Array[MClass]
142 if mainmodule
.flatten_mclass_hierarchy
.has
(mclass
) then
143 parents
= mclass
.in_hierarchy
(mainmodule
).greaters
.to_a
144 self.mainmodule
.linearize_mclasses
(parents
)
146 for parent
in parents
do
147 if parent
== mclass
then continue
148 for mproperty
in self.mainmodule
.properties
(parent
) do
149 if not mproperty
isa MVirtualTypeProp then continue
150 var color
= vt_colors
[mproperty
]
151 if table
.length
<= color
then
152 for i
in [table
.length
.. color
[ do
156 for mpropdef
in mproperty
.mpropdefs
do
157 if mpropdef
.mclassdef
.mclass
== parent
then
158 table
[color
] = mpropdef
164 # then override with local properties
165 for mproperty
in self.mainmodule
.properties
(mclass
) do
166 if not mproperty
isa MVirtualTypeProp then continue
167 var color
= vt_colors
[mproperty
]
168 if table
.length
<= color
then
169 for i
in [table
.length
.. color
[ do
173 for mpropdef
in mproperty
.mpropdefs
do
174 if mpropdef
.mclassdef
.mclass
== mclass
then
175 table
[color
] = mpropdef
179 tables
[mclass
] = table
185 fun build_class_typing_tables
(mclasses
: Set[MClass]): Map[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]] do
186 var tables
= new HashMap[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]]
187 for mclass
in mclasses
do
188 var table
= new Array[nullable MClass]
189 var supers
= new Array[MClass]
190 if mainmodule
.flatten_mclass_hierarchy
.has
(mclass
) then
191 supers
= mclass
.in_hierarchy
(mainmodule
).greaters
.to_a
194 var color
= class_colors
[sup
]
195 if table
.length
<= color
then
196 for i
in [table
.length
.. color
[ do
202 tables
[mclass
] = table
207 redef fun compile_header_structs
do
208 self.header
.add_decl
("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
209 self.compile_header_attribute_structs
210 self.header
.add_decl
("struct class \{ int id; const char *name; int box_kind; int color; const struct vts_table *vts_table; const struct type_table *type_table; nitmethod_t vft[]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
211 self.header
.add_decl
("struct type_table \{ int size; int table[]; \}; /* colorized type table. */")
212 self.header
.add_decl
("struct vts_entry \{ short int is_nullable; const struct class *class; \}; /* link (nullable or not) between the vts and is bound. */")
213 self.header
.add_decl
("struct vts_table \{ int dummy; const struct vts_entry vts[]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
214 self.header
.add_decl
("typedef struct instance \{ const struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
217 redef fun compile_class_to_c
(mclass
: MClass)
219 var mtype
= mclass
.intro
.bound_mtype
220 var c_name
= mclass
.c_name
222 var vft
= self.method_tables
[mclass
]
223 var attrs
= self.attr_tables
[mclass
]
224 var class_table
= self.class_tables
[mclass
]
225 var v
= self.new_visitor
227 var rta
= runtime_type_analysis
228 var is_dead
= false # mclass.kind == abstract_kind or mclass.kind == interface_kind
229 if not is_dead
and rta
!= null and not rta
.live_classes
.has
(mclass
) and mtype
.ctype
== "val*" and mclass
.name
!= "NativeArray" then
233 v
.add_decl
("/* runtime class {c_name} */")
235 self.provide_declaration
("class_{c_name}", "extern const struct class class_{c_name};")
236 v
.add_decl
("extern const struct type_table type_table_{c_name};")
239 v
.add_decl
("const struct class class_{c_name} = \{")
240 v
.add_decl
("{class_ids[mclass]},")
241 v
.add_decl
("\"{mclass.name}\
", /* class_name_string */")
242 v
.add_decl
("{self.box_kind_of(mclass)}, /* box_kind */")
243 v
.add_decl
("{class_colors[mclass]},")
245 if build_class_vts_table
(mclass
) then
246 v
.require_declaration
("vts_table_{c_name}")
247 v
.add_decl
("&vts_table_{c_name},")
251 v
.add_decl
("&type_table_{c_name},")
253 for i
in [0 .. vft
.length
[ do
254 var mpropdef
= vft
[i
]
255 if mpropdef
== null then
256 v
.add_decl
("NULL, /* empty */")
258 assert mpropdef
isa MMethodDef
259 if rta
!= null and not rta
.live_methoddefs
.has
(mpropdef
) then
260 v
.add_decl
("NULL, /* DEAD {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
263 if true or mpropdef
.mclassdef
.bound_mtype
.ctype
!= "val*" then
264 v
.require_declaration
("VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}")
265 v
.add_decl
("(nitmethod_t)VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
267 v
.require_declaration
("{mpropdef.c_name}")
268 v
.add_decl
("(nitmethod_t){mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
276 # Build class type table
278 v
.add_decl
("const struct type_table type_table_{c_name} = \{")
279 v
.add_decl
("{class_table.length},")
281 for msuper
in class_table
do
282 if msuper
== null then
283 v
.add_decl
("-1, /* empty */")
285 v
.add_decl
("{self.class_ids[msuper]}, /* {msuper} */")
291 if mtype
.ctype
!= "val*" or mtype
.mclass
.name
== "Pointer" then
292 #Build instance struct
293 self.header
.add_decl
("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
294 self.header
.add_decl
("const struct class *class;")
295 self.header
.add_decl
("{mtype.ctype} value;")
296 self.header
.add_decl
("\};")
299 self.provide_declaration
("BOX_{c_name}", "val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
300 v
.add_decl
("/* allocate {mtype} */")
301 v
.add_decl
("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
302 v
.add
("struct instance_{c_name}*res = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
303 v
.require_declaration
("class_{c_name}")
304 v
.add
("res->class = &class_{c_name};")
305 v
.add
("res->value = value;")
306 v
.add
("return (val*)res;")
309 if mtype
.mclass
.name
!= "Pointer" then return
312 self.provide_declaration
("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}();")
313 v
.add_decl
("/* allocate {mtype} */")
314 v
.add_decl
("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}() \{")
316 v
.add_abort
("{mclass} is DEAD")
318 var res
= v
.new_named_var
(mtype
, "self")
320 v
.add
("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{mtype.c_name}));")
321 v
.require_declaration
("class_{c_name}")
322 v
.add
("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
323 v
.add
("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){res})->value = NULL;")
324 v
.add
("return {res};")
328 else if mclass
.name
== "NativeArray" then
329 #Build instance struct
330 self.header
.add_decl
("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
331 self.header
.add_decl
("const struct class *class;")
332 self.header
.add_decl
("int length;")
333 self.header
.add_decl
("val* values[];")
334 self.header
.add_decl
("\};")
337 self.provide_declaration
("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(int length);")
338 v
.add_decl
("/* allocate {mtype} */")
339 v
.add_decl
("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(int length) \{")
340 var res
= v
.get_name
("self")
341 v
.add_decl
("struct instance_{c_name} *{res};")
342 var mtype_elt
= mtype
.arguments
.first
343 v
.add
("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}) + length*sizeof({mtype_elt.ctype}));")
344 v
.require_declaration
("class_{c_name}")
345 v
.add
("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
346 v
.add
("{res}->length = length;")
347 v
.add
("return (val*){res};")
350 else if mtype
.mclass
.kind
== extern_kind
and mtype
.mclass
.name
!= "NativeString" then
351 var pointer_type
= mainmodule
.pointer_type
353 self.provide_declaration
("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}();")
354 v
.add_decl
("/* allocate {mtype} */")
355 v
.add_decl
("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}() \{")
357 v
.add_abort
("{mclass} is DEAD")
359 var res
= v
.new_named_var
(mtype
, "self")
361 v
.add
("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}));")
362 #v.add("{res}->type = type;")
363 v
.require_declaration
("class_{c_name}")
364 v
.add
("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
365 v
.add
("((struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}*){res})->value = NULL;")
366 v
.add
("return {res};")
373 self.provide_declaration
("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void);")
374 v
.add_decl
("/* allocate {mtype} */")
375 v
.add_decl
("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void) \{")
377 v
.add_abort
("{mclass} is DEAD")
380 var res
= v
.new_named_var
(mtype
, "self")
382 v
.add
("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance) + {attrs.length}*sizeof(nitattribute_t));")
383 v
.require_declaration
("class_{c_name}")
384 v
.add
("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
385 self.generate_init_attr
(v
, res
, mtype
)
387 v
.add
("return {res};")
392 private fun build_class_vts_table
(mclass
: MClass): Bool do
393 if self.vt_tables
[mclass
].is_empty
then return false
395 self.provide_declaration
("vts_table_{mclass.c_name}", "extern const struct vts_table vts_table_{mclass.c_name};")
398 v
.add_decl
("const struct vts_table vts_table_{mclass.c_name} = \{")
399 v
.add_decl
("0, /* dummy */")
402 for vt
in self.vt_tables
[mclass
] do
404 v
.add_decl
("\{-1, NULL\}, /* empty */")
407 var bound
= retrieve_vt_bound
(mclass
.intro
.bound_mtype
, vt
.as(MVirtualTypeDef).bound
)
408 while bound
isa MNullableType do
409 bound
= retrieve_vt_bound
(mclass
.intro
.bound_mtype
, bound
.mtype
)
412 var vtclass
= bound
.as(MClassType).mclass
413 v
.require_declaration
("class_{vtclass.c_name}")
414 v
.add_decl
("\{{is_null}, &class_{vtclass.c_name}\}, /* {vt} */")
422 private fun retrieve_vt_bound
(anchor
: MClassType, mtype
: nullable MType): MType do
423 if mtype
== null then
424 print
"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: retrieve_vt_bound on null"
427 if mtype
isa MVirtualType then
428 return mtype
.anchor_to
(mainmodule
, anchor
)
429 else if mtype
isa MParameterType then
430 return mtype
.anchor_to
(mainmodule
, anchor
)
436 redef fun new_visitor
do return new SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor(self)
440 private var class_tables
: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]] is noinit
441 private var vt_tables
: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]] is noinit
443 redef fun display_sizes
445 print
"# size of subtyping tables"
446 print
"\ttotal \tholes"
449 for t
, table
in class_tables
do
450 total
+= table
.length
451 for e
in table
do if e
== null then holes
+= 1
453 print
"\t{total}\t{holes}"
455 print
"# size of resolution tables"
456 print
"\ttotal \tholes"
459 for t
, table
in vt_tables
do
460 total
+= table
.length
461 for e
in table
do if e
== null then holes
+= 1
463 print
"\t{total}\t{holes}"
465 print
"# size of methods tables"
466 print
"\ttotal \tholes"
469 for t
, table
in method_tables
do
470 total
+= table
.length
471 for e
in table
do if e
== null then holes
+= 1
473 print
"\t{total}\t{holes}"
475 print
"# size of attributes tables"
476 print
"\ttotal \tholes"
479 for t
, table
in attr_tables
do
480 total
+= table
.length
481 for e
in table
do if e
== null then holes
+= 1
483 print
"\t{total}\t{holes}"
487 class SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor
488 super SeparateCompilerVisitor
490 redef fun compile_callsite
(callsite
, arguments
)
493 if callsite
.erasure_cast
and not self.compiler
.as(SeparateErasureCompiler).modelbuilder
.toolcontext
.opt_no_check_erasure_cast
.value
then
495 var mtype
= callsite
.msignature
.return_mtype
497 self.add
("/* Erasure cast for return {res} isa {mtype} */")
498 var cond
= self.type_test
(res
, mtype
, "erasure")
499 self.add
("if (!{cond}) \{")
500 #var x = self.class_name_string(res)
501 #var y = self.class_name_string(arguments.first)
502 #self.add("PRINT_ERROR(\"Erasure cast: expected {mtype} (self is %s), got %s for {res}\\n\", {y}, {x});")
503 self.add_abort
("Cast failed")
509 redef fun init_instance
(mtype
)
511 self.require_declaration
("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
512 return self.new_expr
("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}()", mtype
)
515 redef fun type_test
(value
, mtype
, tag
)
517 self.add
("/* type test for {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")
519 var res
= self.new_var
(bool_type
)
521 var cltype
= self.get_name
("cltype")
522 self.add_decl
("int {cltype};")
523 var idtype
= self.get_name
("idtype")
524 self.add_decl
("int {idtype};")
526 var maybe_null
= self.maybe_null
(value
)
527 var accept_null
= "0"
528 if mtype
isa MNullableType then
532 if mtype
isa MParameterType then
533 # Here we get the bound of the the formal type (eh, erasure...)
534 mtype
= mtype
.resolve_for
(self.frame
.mpropdef
.mclassdef
.bound_mtype
, self.frame
.mpropdef
.mclassdef
.bound_mtype
, self.frame
.mpropdef
.mclassdef
.mmodule
, false)
535 if mtype
isa MNullableType then
541 if value
.mcasttype
.is_subtype
(self.frame
.mpropdef
.mclassdef
.mmodule
, self.frame
.mpropdef
.mclassdef
.bound_mtype
, mtype
) then
542 self.add
("{res} = 1; /* easy {value.inspect} isa {mtype}*/")
543 if compiler
.modelbuilder
.toolcontext
.opt_typing_test_metrics
.value
then
544 self.compiler
.count_type_test_skipped
[tag
] += 1
545 self.add
("count_type_test_skipped_{tag}++;")
551 if value
.mtype
.ctype
== "val*" then
552 class_ptr
= "{value}->class->"
554 var mclass
= value
.mtype
.as(MClassType).mclass
555 self.require_declaration
("class_{mclass.c_name}")
556 class_ptr
= "class_{mclass.c_name}."
559 if mtype
isa MClassType then
560 self.require_declaration
("class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
561 self.add
("{cltype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.color;")
562 self.add
("{idtype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.id;")
563 if compiler
.modelbuilder
.toolcontext
.opt_typing_test_metrics
.value
then
564 self.compiler
.count_type_test_resolved
[tag
] += 1
565 self.add
("count_type_test_resolved_{tag}++;")
567 else if mtype
isa MVirtualType then
568 var recv
= self.frame
.arguments
.first
570 if recv
.mtype
.ctype
== "val*" then
571 recv_ptr
= "{recv}->class->"
573 var mclass
= recv
.mtype
.as(MClassType).mclass
574 self.require_declaration
("class_{mclass.c_name}")
575 recv_ptr
= "class_{mclass.c_name}."
577 var entry
= self.get_name
("entry")
578 self.add
("struct vts_entry {entry};")
579 self.require_declaration
(mtype
.mproperty
.const_color
)
580 self.add
("{entry} = {recv_ptr}vts_table->vts[{mtype.mproperty.const_color}];")
581 self.add
("{cltype} = {entry}.class->color;")
582 self.add
("{idtype} = {entry}.class->id;")
583 if maybe_null
and accept_null
== "0" then
584 var is_nullable
= self.get_name
("is_nullable")
585 self.add_decl
("short int {is_nullable};")
586 self.add
("{is_nullable} = {entry}.is_nullable;")
587 accept_null
= is_nullable
.to_s
589 if compiler
.modelbuilder
.toolcontext
.opt_typing_test_metrics
.value
then
590 self.compiler
.count_type_test_unresolved
[tag
] += 1
591 self.add
("count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}++;")
594 self.debug
("type_test({value.inspect}, {mtype})")
598 # check color is in table
600 self.add
("if({value} == NULL) \{")
601 self.add
("{res} = {accept_null};")
602 self.add
("\} else \{")
604 self.add
("if({cltype} >= {class_ptr}type_table->size) \{")
605 self.add
("{res} = 0;")
606 self.add
("\} else \{")
607 self.add
("{res} = {class_ptr}type_table->table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
616 redef fun unbox_extern
(value
, mtype
)
618 if mtype
isa MClassType and mtype
.mclass
.kind
== extern_kind
and
619 mtype
.mclass
.name
!= "NativeString" then
620 var pointer_type
= compiler
.mainmodule
.pointer_type
621 var res
= self.new_var_extern
(mtype
)
622 self.add
"{res} = ((struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}*){value})->value; /* unboxing {value.mtype} */"
629 redef fun box_extern
(value
, mtype
)
631 if mtype
isa MClassType and mtype
.mclass
.kind
== extern_kind
and
632 mtype
.mclass
.name
!= "NativeString" then
633 var valtype
= compiler
.mainmodule
.pointer_type
634 var res
= self.new_var
(mtype
)
635 if compiler
.runtime_type_analysis
!= null and not compiler
.runtime_type_analysis
.live_types
.has
(value
.mtype
.as(MClassType)) then
636 self.add
("/*no boxing of {value.mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
637 self.add
("PRINT_ERROR(\"Dead code executed
!\\n\
"); show_backtrace(1);")
640 self.require_declaration
("BOX_{valtype.c_name}")
641 self.add
("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* boxing {value.mtype} */")
642 self.require_declaration
("class_{mtype.c_name}")
643 self.add
("{res}->class = &class_{mtype.c_name};")
650 redef fun class_name_string
(value
)
652 var res
= self.get_name
("var_class_name")
653 self.add_decl
("const char* {res};")
654 if value
.mtype
.ctype
== "val*" then
655 self.add
"{res} = {value} == NULL ? \"null\
" : {value}->class->name;"
657 self.require_declaration
("class_{value.mtype.c_name}")
658 self.add
"{res} = class_{value.mtype.c_name}.name;"
663 redef fun native_array_instance
(elttype
, length
)
665 var nclass
= self.get_class
("NativeArray")
666 var mtype
= nclass
.get_mtype
([elttype
])
667 var res
= self.new_var
(mtype
)
669 self.require_declaration
("NEW_{nclass.c_name}")
670 self.add
("{res} = NEW_{nclass.c_name}({length});")
674 redef fun calloc_array
(ret_type
, arguments
)
676 var ret
= ret_type
.as(MClassType)
677 self.require_declaration
("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}")
678 self.ret
(self.new_expr
("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]})", ret_type
))