rta: use callsites in AFor instead re-resolving stuff
[nit.git] / src / separate_compiler.nit
index 0606c4a..f5dd05d 100644 (file)
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ module separate_compiler
 import abstract_compiler
 import layout_builders
 import rapid_type_analysis
+import compiler_ffi
 
 # Add separate compiler specific options
 redef class ToolContext
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ redef class ToolContext
 end
 
 redef class ModelBuilder
-       fun run_separate_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
+       fun run_separate_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis)
        do
                var time0 = get_time
                self.toolcontext.info("*** GENERATING C ***", 1)
@@ -93,6 +94,11 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                for t in mtypes do
                        compiler.compile_type_to_c(t)
                end
+               # compile remaining types structures (useless but needed for the symbol resolution at link-time)
+               for t in compiler.undead_types do
+                       if mtypes.has(t) then continue
+                       compiler.compile_type_to_c(t)
+               end
 
                compiler.display_stats
 
@@ -109,10 +115,9 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        redef type VISITOR: SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        # The result of the RTA (used to know live types and methods)
-       var runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis
+       var runtime_type_analysis: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis
 
        private var undead_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
-       private var partial_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
        private var live_unresolved_types: Map[MClassDef, Set[MType]] = new HashMap[MClassDef, HashSet[MType]]
 
        private var type_layout: nullable Layout[MType]
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        protected var method_layout: nullable Layout[PropertyLayoutElement]
        protected var attr_layout: nullable Layout[MAttribute]
 
-       init(mainmodule: MModule, mmbuilder: ModelBuilder, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis) do
+       init(mainmodule: MModule, mmbuilder: ModelBuilder, runtime_type_analysis: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis) do
                super(mainmodule, mmbuilder)
                var file = new_file("nit.common")
                self.header = new CodeWriter(file)
@@ -269,8 +274,27 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        end
                end
 
+               # Collect all super calls (dead or not)
+               var all_super_calls = new HashSet[MMethodDef]
+               for mmodule in self.mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
+                       for mclassdef in mmodule.mclassdefs do
+                               for mpropdef in mclassdef.mpropdefs do
+                                       if not mpropdef isa MMethodDef then continue
+                                       if mpropdef.has_supercall then
+                                               all_super_calls.add(mpropdef)
+                                       end
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+
                # lookup super calls and add it to the list of mmethods to build layout with
-               var super_calls = runtime_type_analysis.live_super_sends
+               var super_calls
+               if runtime_type_analysis != null then
+                       super_calls = runtime_type_analysis.live_super_sends
+               else
+                       super_calls = all_super_calls
+               end
+
                for mmethoddef in super_calls do
                        var mclass = mmethoddef.mclassdef.mclass
                        mmethods[mclass].add(mmethoddef)
@@ -285,14 +309,9 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                self.compile_color_consts(method_layout.pos)
 
                # attribute null color to dead supercalls
-               for mmodule in self.mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
-                       for mclassdef in mmodule.mclassdefs do
-                               for mpropdef in mclassdef.mpropdefs do
-                                       if mpropdef.has_supercall then
-                                               compile_color_const(new_visitor, mpropdef, -1)
-                                       end
-                               end
-                       end
+               for mpropdef in all_super_calls do
+                       if super_calls.has(mpropdef) then continue
+                       compile_color_const(new_visitor, mpropdef, -1)
                end
 
                # attributes coloration
@@ -436,16 +455,10 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                var mtypes = new HashSet[MType]
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types)
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types)
-               mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
                for c in self.box_kinds.keys do
                        mtypes.add(c.mclass_type)
                end
 
-               for mtype in mtypes do
-                       retrieve_partial_types(mtype)
-               end
-               mtypes.add_all(self.partial_types)
-
                # Typing Layout
                var layout_builder: TypingLayoutBuilder[MType]
                if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
@@ -574,34 +587,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                return tables
        end
 
-       fun retrieve_partial_types(mtype: MType) do
-               # add formal types arguments to mtypes
-               if mtype isa MGenericType then
-                       for ft in mtype.arguments do
-                               if ft.need_anchor then
-                                       print("Why do we need anchor here ?")
-                                       abort
-                               end
-                               self.partial_types.add(ft)
-                               retrieve_partial_types(ft)
-                       end
-               end
-               var mclass_type: MClassType
-               if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
-               else
-                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
-               end
-
-               # add virtual types to mtypes
-               for vt in self.mainmodule.properties(mclass_type.mclass) do
-                       if vt isa MVirtualTypeProp then
-                               var anchored = vt.mvirtualtype.lookup_bound(self.mainmodule, mclass_type).anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
-                               self.partial_types.add(anchored)
-                       end
-               end
-       end
-
        # Separately compile all the method definitions of the module
        fun compile_module_to_c(mmodule: MModule)
        do
@@ -623,6 +608,10 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        # Globaly compile the type structure of a live type
        fun compile_type_to_c(mtype: MType)
        do
+               assert not mtype.need_anchor
+               var layout = self.type_layout
+               var is_live = mtype isa MClassType and runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype)
+               var is_cast_live = runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types.has(mtype)
                var c_name = mtype.c_name
                var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
                v.add_decl("/* runtime type {mtype} */")
@@ -632,39 +621,70 @@ class SeparateCompiler
 
                # const struct type_X
                v.add_decl("const struct type type_{c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("{self.type_layout.ids[mtype]},")
+
+               # type id (for cast target)
+               if is_cast_live then
+                       v.add_decl("{layout.ids[mtype]},")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("-1, /*CAST DEAD*/")
+               end
+
+               # type name
                v.add_decl("\"{mtype}\", /* class_name_string */")
-               var layout = self.type_layout
-               if layout isa PHLayout[MType, MType] then
-                       v.add_decl("{layout.masks[mtype]},")
+
+               # type color (for cast target)
+               if is_cast_live then
+                       if layout isa PHLayout[MType, MType] then
+                               v.add_decl("{layout.masks[mtype]},")
+                       else
+                               v.add_decl("{layout.pos[mtype]},")
+                       end
                else
-                       v.add_decl("{layout.pos[mtype]},")
+                       v.add_decl("-1, /*CAST DEAD*/")
                end
+
+               # is_nullable bit
                if mtype isa MNullableType then
                        v.add_decl("1,")
                else
                        v.add_decl("0,")
                end
-               if compile_type_resolution_table(mtype) then
-                       v.require_declaration("resolution_table_{c_name}")
-                       v.add_decl("&resolution_table_{c_name},")
+
+               # resolution table (for receiver)
+               if is_live then
+                       var mclass_type = mtype
+                       if mclass_type isa MNullableType then mclass_type = mclass_type.mtype
+                       assert mclass_type isa MClassType
+                       if resolution_tables[mclass_type].is_empty then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /*NO RESOLUTIONS*/")
+                       else
+                               compile_type_resolution_table(mtype)
+                               v.require_declaration("resolution_table_{c_name}")
+                               v.add_decl("&resolution_table_{c_name},")
+                       end
                else
-                       v.add_decl("NULL,")
+                       v.add_decl("NULL, /*DEAD*/")
                end
-               v.add_decl("{self.type_tables[mtype].length},")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
-               for stype in self.type_tables[mtype] do
-                       if stype == null then
-                               v.add_decl("-1, /* empty */")
-                       else
-                               v.add_decl("{self.type_layout.ids[stype]}, /* {stype} */")
+
+               # cast table (for receiver)
+               if is_live then
+                       v.add_decl("{self.type_tables[mtype].length},")
+                       v.add_decl("\{")
+                       for stype in self.type_tables[mtype] do
+                               if stype == null then
+                                       v.add_decl("-1, /* empty */")
+                               else
+                                       v.add_decl("{layout.ids[stype]}, /* {stype} */")
+                               end
                        end
+                       v.add_decl("\},")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("0, \{\}, /*DEAD TYPE*/")
                end
-               v.add_decl("\},")
                v.add_decl("\};")
        end
 
-       fun compile_type_resolution_table(mtype: MType): Bool do
+       fun compile_type_resolution_table(mtype: MType) do
 
                var mclass_type: MClassType
                if mtype isa MNullableType then
@@ -672,7 +692,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                else
                        mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
                end
-               if not self.resolution_tables.has_key(mclass_type) then return false
 
                var layout = self.resolution_layout
 
@@ -707,7 +726,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                end
                v.add_decl("\}")
                v.add_decl("\};")
-               return true
        end
 
        # Globally compile the table of the class mclass
@@ -717,12 +735,13 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        do
                var mtype = mclass.intro.bound_mtype
                var c_name = mclass.c_name
+               var c_instance_name = mclass.c_instance_name
 
                var vft = self.method_tables[mclass]
                var attrs = self.attr_tables[mclass]
                var v = new_visitor
 
-               var is_dead = not runtime_type_analysis.live_classes.has(mclass) and mtype.ctype == "val*" and mclass.name != "NativeArray"
+               var is_dead = runtime_type_analysis != null and not runtime_type_analysis.live_classes.has(mclass) and mtype.ctype == "val*" and mclass.name != "NativeArray"
 
                v.add_decl("/* runtime class {c_name} */")
 
@@ -748,20 +767,22 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                end
 
                if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       #Build instance struct
-                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
-                       self.header.add_decl("const struct type *type;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("\};")
+                       if mtype.mclass.name == "Pointer" or mtype.mclass.kind != extern_kind then
+                               #Build instance struct
+                               self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_instance_name} \{")
+                               self.header.add_decl("const struct type *type;")
+                               self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
+                               self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
+                               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+                       end
 
                        if not self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype) then return
 
                        #Build BOX
-                       self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+                       self.provide_declaration("BOX_{c_name}", "val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
                        v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
                        v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
-                       v.add("struct instance_{c_name}*res = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
+                       v.add("struct instance_{c_instance_name}*res = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_instance_name}));")
                        v.require_declaration("type_{c_name}")
                        v.add("res->type = &type_{c_name};")
                        v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
@@ -772,7 +793,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        return
                else if mclass.name == "NativeArray" then
                        #Build instance struct
-                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_instance_name} \{")
                        self.header.add_decl("const struct type *type;")
                        self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
                        # NativeArrays are just a instance header followed by an array of values
@@ -786,7 +807,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        var res = v.new_named_var(mtype, "self")
                        res.is_exact = true
                        var mtype_elt = mtype.arguments.first
-                       v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}) + length*sizeof({mtype_elt.ctype}));")
+                       v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_instance_name}) + length*sizeof({mtype_elt.ctype}));")
                        v.add("{res}->type = type;")
                        hardening_live_type(v, "type")
                        v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
@@ -814,8 +835,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        v.add("return {res};")
                end
                v.add("\}")
-
-               generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
        end
 
        # Add a dynamic test to ensure that the type referenced by `t` is a live type
@@ -825,30 +844,12 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add("if({t} == NULL) \{")
                v.add_abort("type null")
                v.add("\}")
-               v.add("if({t}->resolution_table == NULL) \{")
+               v.add("if({t}->table_size == 0) \{")
                v.add("fprintf(stderr, \"Insantiation of a dead type: %s\\n\", {t}->name);")
                v.add_abort("type dead")
                v.add("\}")
        end
 
-       redef fun generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
-       do
-               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
-
-               var v = self.new_visitor
-               var c_name = mtype.mclass.c_name
-               var res = new RuntimeVariable("self", mtype, mtype)
-               self.provide_declaration("CHECK_NEW_{c_name}", "void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
-               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-               v.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype} {res}) \{")
-               if runtime_type_analysis.live_classes.has(mtype.mclass) then
-                       self.generate_check_attr(v, res, mtype)
-               else
-                       v.add_abort("{mtype.mclass} is DEAD")
-               end
-               v.add("\}")
-       end
-
        redef fun new_visitor do return new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
 
        # Stats
@@ -908,6 +909,19 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                end
                print "\t{total}\t{holes}"
        end
+
+       redef fun compile_nitni_structs
+       do
+               self.header.add_decl("struct nitni_instance \{struct instance *value;\};")
+       end
+       
+       redef fun finalize_ffi_for_module(nmodule)
+       do
+               var old_module = self.mainmodule
+               self.mainmodule = nmodule.mmodule.as(not null)
+               super
+               self.mainmodule = old_module
+       end
 end
 
 # A visitor on the AST of property definition that generate the C code of a separate compilation process.
@@ -939,22 +953,25 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" and mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return value
                else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
+                       return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_instance_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
                else if mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        var valtype = value.mtype.as(MClassType)
                        var res = self.new_var(mtype)
-                       if not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(valtype) then
+                       if compiler.runtime_type_analysis != null and not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(valtype) then
                                self.add("/*no autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
-                               self.add("printf(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); exit(1);")
+                               self.add("printf(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); show_backtrace(1);")
                                return res
                        end
+                       self.require_declaration("BOX_{valtype.c_name}")
                        self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */")
                        return res
+               else if value.mtype.cname_blind == "void*" and mtype.cname_blind == "void*" then
+                       return value
                else
                        # Bad things will appen!
                        var res = self.new_var(mtype)
                        self.add("/* {res} left unintialized (cannot convert {value.mtype} to {mtype}) */")
-                       self.add("printf(\"Cast error: Cannot cast %s to %s.\\n\", \"{value.mtype}\", \"{mtype}\"); exit(1);")
+                       self.add("printf(\"Cast error: Cannot cast %s to %s.\\n\", \"{value.mtype}\", \"{mtype}\"); show_backtrace(1);")
                        return res
                end
        end
@@ -966,6 +983,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return "{value}->type"
                else
+                       compiler.undead_types.add(value.mtype)
                        self.require_declaration("type_{value.mtype.c_name}")
                        return "(&type_{value.mtype.c_name})"
                end
@@ -974,11 +992,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
        redef fun send(mmethod, arguments)
        do
                self.varargize(mmethod.intro, mmethod.intro.msignature.as(not null), arguments)
-               return table_send(mmethod, arguments, mmethod.const_color)
-       end
 
-       private fun table_send(mmethod: MMethod, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable], const_color: String): nullable RuntimeVariable
-       do
                if arguments.first.mcasttype.ctype != "val*" then
                        # In order to shortcut the primitive, we need to find the most specific method
                        # Howverr, because of performance (no flattening), we always work on the realmainmodule
@@ -989,6 +1003,13 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        return res
                end
 
+               return table_send(mmethod, arguments, mmethod.const_color)
+       end
+
+       private fun table_send(mmethod: MMethod, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable], const_color: String): nullable RuntimeVariable
+       do
+               assert arguments.length == mmethod.intro.msignature.arity + 1 else debug("Invalid arity for {mmethod}. {arguments.length} arguments given.")
+
                var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
                var msignature = mmethod.intro.msignature.resolve_for(mmethod.intro.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethod.intro.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethod.intro.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
                var ret = msignature.return_mtype
@@ -1043,7 +1064,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                                        self.add("{res} = 1; /* {arg.inspect} cannot be null */")
                                end
                        else
-                               self.add_abort("Reciever is null")
+                               self.add_abort("Receiver is null")
                        end
                        self.add("\} else \{")
                end
@@ -1084,6 +1105,8 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun call(mmethoddef, recvtype, arguments)
        do
+               assert arguments.length == mmethoddef.msignature.arity + 1 else debug("Invalid arity for {mmethoddef}. {arguments.length} arguments given.")
+
                var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
                var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
                if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
@@ -1128,6 +1151,15 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun supercall(m: MMethodDef, recvtype: MClassType, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable
        do
+               if arguments.first.mcasttype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       # In order to shortcut the primitive, we need to find the most specific method
+                       # However, because of performance (no flattening), we always work on the realmainmodule
+                       var main = self.compiler.mainmodule
+                       self.compiler.mainmodule = self.compiler.realmainmodule
+                       var res = self.monomorphic_super_send(m, recvtype, arguments)
+                       self.compiler.mainmodule = main
+                       return res
+               end
                return table_send(m.mproperty, arguments, m.const_color)
        end
 
@@ -1242,7 +1274,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                                # The attribute is primitive, thus we store it in a box
                                # The trick is to create the box the first time then resuse the box
                                self.add("if ({attr} != NULL) \{")
-                               self.add("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){attr})->value = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                               self.add("((struct instance_{mtype.c_instance_name}*){attr})->value = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
                                self.add("\} else \{")
                                value = self.autobox(value, self.object_type.as_nullable)
                                self.add("{attr} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
@@ -1256,11 +1288,37 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                end
        end
 
+       # Check that mtype is a live open type
+       fun hardening_live_open_type(mtype: MType)
+       do
+               if not compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_hardening.value then return
+               self.require_declaration(mtype.const_color)
+               var col = mtype.const_color
+               self.add("if({col} == -1) \{")
+               self.add("fprintf(stderr, \"Resolution of a dead open type: %s\\n\", \"{mtype.to_s.escape_to_c}\");")
+               self.add_abort("open type dead")
+               self.add("\}")
+       end
+
+       # Check that mtype it a pointer to a live cast type
+       fun hardening_cast_type(t: String)
+       do
+               if not compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_hardening.value then return
+               add("if({t} == NULL) \{")
+               add_abort("cast type null")
+               add("\}")
+               add("if({t}->id == -1 || {t}->color == -1) \{")
+               add("fprintf(stderr, \"Try to cast on a dead cast type: %s\\n\", {t}->name);")
+               add_abort("cast type dead")
+               add("\}")
+       end
+
        redef fun init_instance(mtype)
        do
                self.require_declaration("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
                var compiler = self.compiler
                if mtype isa MGenericType and mtype.need_anchor then
+                       hardening_live_open_type(mtype)
                        link_unresolved_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, mtype)
                        var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
                        var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
@@ -1276,13 +1334,6 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}(&type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
        end
 
-       redef fun check_init_instance(value, mtype)
-       do
-               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
-               self.require_declaration("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
-               self.add("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({value});")
-       end
-
        redef fun type_test(value, mtype, tag)
        do
                self.add("/* {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")
@@ -1320,17 +1371,19 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        self.add_decl("const struct type* {type_struct};")
 
                        # Either with resolution_table with a direct resolution
-                       link_unresolved_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, ntype)
-                       self.require_declaration(ntype.const_color)
+                       hardening_live_open_type(mtype)
+                       link_unresolved_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, mtype)
+                       self.require_declaration(mtype.const_color)
                        if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
-                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->resolution_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->resolution_table->mask, {ntype.const_color})];")
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->resolution_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->resolution_table->mask, {mtype.const_color})];")
                        else
-                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->resolution_table->types[{ntype.const_color}];")
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->resolution_table->types[{mtype.const_color}];")
                        end
                        if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
                                self.compiler.count_type_test_unresolved[tag] += 1
                                self.add("count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}++;")
                        end
+                       hardening_cast_type(type_struct)
                        self.add("{cltype} = {type_struct}->color;")
                        self.add("{idtype} = {type_struct}->id;")
                        if maybe_null and accept_null == "0" then
@@ -1342,6 +1395,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                else if ntype isa MClassType then
                        compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
                        self.require_declaration("type_{mtype.c_name}")
+                       hardening_cast_type("(&type_{mtype.c_name})")
                        self.add("{cltype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.color;")
                        self.add("{idtype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.id;")
                        if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
@@ -1349,7 +1403,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                                self.add("count_type_test_resolved_{tag}++;")
                        end
                else
-                       self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{value.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
+                       self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{value.inspect}\"); show_backtrace(1);")
                end
 
                # check color is in table
@@ -1405,6 +1459,8 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                self.add_decl("const char* {res};")
                if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        self.add "{res} = {value} == NULL ? \"null\" : {value}->type->name;"
+               else if value.mtype isa MClassType and value.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass.kind == extern_kind then
+                       self.add "{res} = \"{value.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass}\";"
                else
                        self.require_declaration("type_{value.mtype.c_name}")
                        self.add "{res} = type_{value.mtype.c_name}.name;"
@@ -1486,12 +1542,12 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        end
                end
                if primitive != null then
-                       test.add("((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value2})->value")
+                       test.add("((struct instance_{primitive.c_instance_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{primitive.c_instance_name}*){value2})->value")
                else if can_be_primitive(value1) and can_be_primitive(value2) then
                        test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
                        var s = new Array[String]
                        for t, v in self.compiler.box_kinds do
-                               s.add "({value1}->class->box_kind == {v} && ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value2})->value)"
+                               s.add "({value1}->class->box_kind == {v} && ((struct instance_{t.c_instance_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{t.c_instance_name}*){value2})->value)"
                        end
                        test.add("({s.join(" || ")})")
                else
@@ -1531,7 +1587,6 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        self.add("((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){nat})->values[{i}] = (val*) {r};")
                end
                self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arrayclass.intro.bound_mtype), [res, nat, length])
-               self.check_init_instance(res, arraytype)
                self.add("\}")
                return res
        end
@@ -1543,6 +1598,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                assert mtype isa MGenericType
                var compiler = self.compiler
                if mtype.need_anchor then
+                       hardening_live_open_type(mtype)
                        link_unresolved_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, mtype)
                        var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
                        var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
@@ -1562,7 +1618,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
        do
                var elttype = arguments.first.mtype
                var nclass = self.get_class("NativeArray")
-               var recv = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){arguments[0]})->values"
+               var recv = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_instance_name}*){arguments[0]})->values"
                if pname == "[]" then
                        self.ret(self.new_expr("{recv}[{arguments[1]}]", ret_type.as(not null)))
                        return
@@ -1570,7 +1626,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        self.add("{recv}[{arguments[1]}]={arguments[2]};")
                        return
                else if pname == "copy_to" then
-                       var recv1 = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){arguments[1]})->values"
+                       var recv1 = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_instance_name}*){arguments[1]})->values"
                        self.add("memcpy({recv1}, {recv}, {arguments[2]}*sizeof({elttype.ctype}));")
                        return
                end
@@ -1688,6 +1744,7 @@ class SeparateRuntimeFunction
                        v.add("return {frame.returnvar.as(not null)};")
                end
                v.add("\}")
+               if not self.c_name.has_substring("VIRTUAL", 0) then compiler.names[self.c_name] = "{mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule.name}::{mmethoddef.mclassdef.mclass.name}::{mmethoddef.mproperty.name} ({mmethoddef.location.file.filename}:{mmethoddef.location.line_start})"
        end
 end
 
@@ -1765,6 +1822,7 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
                        v.add("return {frame.returnvar.as(not null)};")
                end
                v.add("\}")
+               if not self.c_name.has_substring("VIRTUAL", 0) then compiler.names[self.c_name] = "{mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule.name}::{mmethoddef.mclassdef.mclass.name}::{mmethoddef.mproperty.name} ({mmethoddef.location.file.filename}--{mmethoddef.location.line_start})"
        end
 
        # TODO ?
@@ -1773,6 +1831,23 @@ end
 
 redef class MType
        fun const_color: String do return "COLOR_{c_name}"
+
+       # C name of the instance type to use
+       fun c_instance_name: String do return c_name
+end
+
+redef class MClassType
+       redef fun c_instance_name do return mclass.c_instance_name
+end
+
+redef class MClass
+       # Extern classes use the C instance of kernel::Pointer
+       fun c_instance_name: String
+       do
+               if kind == extern_kind then
+                       return "kernel__Pointer"
+               else return c_name
+       end
 end
 
 redef class MProperty