auto_super_init: use CallSite
[nit.git] / src / naive_interpreter.nit
index 03df69f..4b1030a 100644 (file)
@@ -20,10 +20,23 @@ module naive_interpreter
 import literal
 import typing
 import auto_super_init
+import frontend
+import common_ffi
+
+redef class ToolContext
+       # --discover-call-trace
+       var opt_discover_call_trace: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Trace calls of the first invocation of a method", "--discover-call-trace")
+
+       redef init
+       do
+               super
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_discover_call_trace)
+       end
+end
 
 redef class ModelBuilder
-       # Execute the program from the entry point (Sys::main) of the `mainmodule'
-       # `arguments' are the command-line arguments in order
+       # Execute the program from the entry point (`Sys::main`) of the `mainmodule`
+       # `arguments` are the command-line arguments in order
        # REQUIRE that:
        #   1. the AST is fully loaded.
        #   2. the model is fully built.
@@ -34,23 +47,26 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                self.toolcontext.info("*** START INTERPRETING ***", 1)
 
                var interpreter = new NaiveInterpreter(self, mainmodule, arguments)
+               init_naive_interpreter(interpreter, mainmodule)
+
+               var time1 = get_time
+               self.toolcontext.info("*** END INTERPRETING: {time1-time0} ***", 2)
+       end
+
+       private fun init_naive_interpreter(interpreter: NaiveInterpreter, mainmodule: MModule) do
                var sys_type = mainmodule.sys_type
                if sys_type == null then return # no class Sys
-               var mainobj = new Instance(sys_type)
+               var mainobj = new MutableInstance(sys_type)
                interpreter.mainobj = mainobj
                interpreter.init_instance(mainobj)
-               var initprop = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("init", sys_type)
+               var initprop = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("init", sys_type.mclass)
                if initprop != null then
                        interpreter.send(initprop, [mainobj])
                end
-               interpreter.check_init_instance(mainobj)
-               var mainprop = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("main", sys_type)
+               var mainprop = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("main", sys_type.mclass)
                if mainprop != null then
                        interpreter.send(mainprop, [mainobj])
                end
-
-               var time1 = get_time
-               self.toolcontext.info("*** END INTERPRETING: {time1-time0} ***", 2)
        end
 end
 
@@ -76,7 +92,7 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                self.arguments = arguments
                self.true_instance = new PrimitiveInstance[Bool](mainmodule.bool_type, true)
                self.false_instance = new PrimitiveInstance[Bool](mainmodule.bool_type, false)
-               self.null_instance = new Instance(mainmodule.model.null_type)
+               self.null_instance = new MutableInstance(mainmodule.model.null_type)
        end
 
        # Subtype test in the context of the mainmodule
@@ -85,29 +101,35 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                return sub.is_subtype(self.mainmodule, self.frame.arguments.first.mtype.as(MClassType), sup)
        end
 
+       fun force_get_primitive_method(name: String, recv: MType): MMethod
+       do
+               assert recv isa MClassType
+               return self.modelbuilder.force_get_primitive_method(self.frame.current_node, name, recv.mclass, self.mainmodule)
+       end
+
        # Is a return executed?
-       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until the end of the current method
-       var returnmark: Bool = false
+       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until the end of the specified method frame
+       var returnmark: nullable Frame = null
 
        # Is a break executed?
-       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until a labeled statement catch it with `is_break'
+       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until a labeled statement catch it with `is_break`
        var breakmark: nullable EscapeMark = null
 
        # Is a continue executed?
-       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until a labeled statement catch it with `is_continue'
+       # Set this mark to skip the evaluation until a labeled statement catch it with `is_continue`
        var continuemark: nullable EscapeMark = null
 
        # Is a return or a break or a continue executed?
        # Use this function to know if you must skip the evaluation of statements
-       fun is_escaping: Bool do return returnmark or breakmark != null or continuemark != null
+       fun is_escaping: Bool do return returnmark != null or breakmark != null or continuemark != null
 
        # The value associated with the current return/break/continue, if any.
        # Set the value when you set a escapemark.
        # Read the value when you catch a mark or reach the end of a method
        var escapevalue: nullable Instance = null
 
-       # If there is a break and is associated with `escapemark', then return true an clear the mark.
-       # If there is no break or if `escapemark' is null then return false.
+       # If there is a break and is associated with `escapemark`, then return true an clear the mark.
+       # If there is no break or if `escapemark` is null then return false.
        # Use this function to catch a potential break.
        fun is_break(escapemark: nullable EscapeMark): Bool
        do
@@ -119,8 +141,8 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                end
        end
 
-       # If there is a continue and is associated with `escapemark', then return true an clear the mark.
-       # If there is no continue or if `escapemark' is null then return false.
+       # If there is a continue and is associated with `escapemark`, then return true an clear the mark.
+       # If there is no continue or if `escapemark` is null then return false.
        # Use this function to catch a potential continue.
        fun is_continue(escapemark: nullable EscapeMark): Bool
        do
@@ -132,89 +154,99 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                end
        end
 
-       # Evaluate `n' as an expression in the current context.
+       # Evaluate `n` as an expression in the current context.
        # Return the value of the expression.
-       # If `n' cannot be evaluated, then aborts.
-       fun expr(n: AExpr): Instance
+       # If `n` cannot be evaluated, then aborts.
+       fun expr(n: AExpr): nullable Instance
        do
-               var old = self.frame.current_node
-               self.frame.current_node = n
+               var frame = self.frame
+               var old = frame.current_node
+               frame.current_node = n
                #n.debug("IN Execute expr")
-               var i = n.expr(self).as(not null)
+               var i = n.expr(self)
+               if i == null and not self.is_escaping then
+                       n.debug("inconsitance: no value and not escaping.")
+               end
+               var implicit_cast_to = n.implicit_cast_to
+               if implicit_cast_to != null then
+                       var mtype = self.unanchor_type(implicit_cast_to)
+                       if not self.is_subtype(i.mtype, mtype) then n.fatal(self, "Cast failed. Expected `{implicit_cast_to}`, got `{i.mtype}`")
+               end
+
                #n.debug("OUT Execute expr: value is {i}")
                #if not is_subtype(i.mtype, n.mtype.as(not null)) then n.debug("Expected {n.mtype.as(not null)} got {i}")
-               self.frame.current_node = old
+               frame.current_node = old
                return i
        end
 
-       # Evaluate `n' as a statement in the current context.
-       # Do nothing if `n' is sull.
-       # If `n' cannot be evaluated, then aborts.
+       # Evaluate `n` as a statement in the current context.
+       # Do nothing if `n` is null.
+       # If `n` cannot be evaluated, then aborts.
        fun stmt(n: nullable AExpr)
        do
                if n != null then
-                       var old = self.frame.current_node
-                       self.frame.current_node = n
+                       var frame = self.frame
+                       var old = frame.current_node
+                       frame.current_node = n
                        #n.debug("Execute stmt")
                        n.stmt(self)
-                       self.frame.current_node = old
+                       frame.current_node = old
                end
        end
 
-       # Map used to store values of nodes that must be evaluated once in the system (AOnceExpr)
+       # Map used to store values of nodes that must be evaluated once in the system (`AOnceExpr`)
        var onces: Map[ANode, Instance] = new HashMap[ANode, Instance]
 
-       # Return the boolean instance associated with `val'.
+       # Return the boolean instance associated with `val`.
        fun bool_instance(val: Bool): Instance
        do
                if val then return self.true_instance else return self.false_instance
        end
 
-       # Return the integer instance associated with `val'.
+       # Return the integer instance associated with `val`.
        fun int_instance(val: Int): Instance
        do
                var ic = self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Int")
                return new PrimitiveInstance[Int](ic.mclass_type, val)
        end
 
-       # Return the char instance associated with `val'.
+       # Return the char instance associated with `val`.
        fun char_instance(val: Char): Instance
        do
                var ic = self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Char")
                return new PrimitiveInstance[Char](ic.mclass_type, val)
        end
 
-       # Return the float instance associated with `val'.
+       # Return the float instance associated with `val`.
        fun float_instance(val: Float): Instance
        do
                var ic = self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Float")
                return new PrimitiveInstance[Float](ic.mclass_type, val)
        end
 
-       # The unique intance of the `true' value.
+       # The unique intance of the `true` value.
        var true_instance: Instance
 
-       # The unique intance of the `false' value.
+       # The unique intance of the `false` value.
        var false_instance: Instance
 
-       # The unique intance of the `null' value.
+       # The unique intance of the `null` value.
        var null_instance: Instance
 
-       # Return a new array made of `values'.
+       # Return a new array made of `values`.
        # The dynamic type of the result is Array[elttype].
        fun array_instance(values: Array[Instance], elttype: MType): Instance
        do
                assert not elttype.need_anchor
                var nat = new PrimitiveInstance[Array[Instance]](self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("NativeArray").get_mtype([elttype]), values)
                var mtype = self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Array").get_mtype([elttype])
-               var res = new Instance(mtype)
+               var res = new MutableInstance(mtype)
                self.init_instance(res)
-               self.send(self.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("with_native", mtype), [res, nat, self.int_instance(values.length)])
-               self.check_init_instance(res)
+               self.send(self.force_get_primitive_method("with_native", mtype), [res, nat, self.int_instance(values.length)])
                return res
        end
 
-       # Return a new native string initialized with `txt'
+       # Return a new native string initialized with `txt`
        fun native_string_instance(txt: String): Instance
        do
                var val = new Buffer.from(txt)
@@ -252,10 +284,21 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                exit(1)
        end
 
-       # Execute `mpropdef' for a `args' (where args[0] is the receiver).
-       # Return a falue if `mpropdef' is a function, or null if it is a procedure.
-       # The call is direct/static. There is no message-seding/late-bindng.
-       fun call(mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       # Debug on the current node
+       fun debug(message: String)
+       do
+               if frames.is_empty then
+                       print message
+               else
+                       self.frame.current_node.debug(message)
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Store known method, used to trace methods as thez are reached
+       var discover_call_trace: Set[MMethodDef] = new HashSet[MMethodDef]
+
+       # Common code for calls to injected methods and normal methods
+       fun call_commons(mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): Array[Instance]
        do
                var vararg_rank = mpropdef.msignature.vararg_rank
                if vararg_rank >= 0 then
@@ -282,15 +325,39 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                                args.add(rawargs[i+1])
                        end
                end
-               assert args.length == mpropdef.msignature.arity + 1 # because of self
+               return args
+       end
+
+       # Execute `mpropdef` for a `args` (where `args[0]` is the receiver).
+       # Return a falue if `mpropdef` is a function, or null if it is a procedure.
+       # The call is direct/static. There is no message-seding/late-binding.
+       fun call(mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       do
+               args = call_commons(mpropdef, args)
+               return call_without_varargs(mpropdef, args)
+       end
+
+       # Common code to call and this function
+       #
+       # Call only executes the variadic part, this avoids
+       # double encapsulation of variadic parameters into an Array
+       fun call_without_varargs(mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_discover_call_trace.value and not self.discover_call_trace.has(mpropdef) then
+                       self.discover_call_trace.add mpropdef
+                       self.debug("Discovered {mpropdef}")
+               end
+               assert args.length == mpropdef.msignature.arity + 1 else debug("Invalid arity for {mpropdef}. {args.length} arguments given.")
 
                # Look for the AST node that implements the property
                var mproperty = mpropdef.mproperty
                if self.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef.has_key(mpropdef) then
                        var npropdef = self.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef[mpropdef]
+                       self.parameter_check(npropdef, mpropdef, args)
                        return npropdef.call(self, mpropdef, args)
                else if mproperty.name == "init" then
                        var nclassdef = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[mpropdef.mclassdef]
+                       self.parameter_check(nclassdef, mpropdef, args)
                        return nclassdef.call(self, mpropdef, args)
                else
                        fatal("Fatal Error: method {mpropdef} not found in the AST")
@@ -298,40 +365,68 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                end
        end
 
-       # Execute `mproperty' for a `args' (where args[0] is the receiver).
-       # Return a falue if `mproperty' is a function, or null if it is a procedure.
-       # The call is polimotphic. There is a message-seding/late-bindng according to te receiver (args[0]).
-       fun send(mproperty: MMethod, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       # Generate type checks in the C code to check covariant parameters
+       fun parameter_check(node: ANode, mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance])
+       do
+               var msignature = mpropdef.msignature
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       # skip test for vararg since the array is instantiated with the correct polymorphic type
+                       if msignature.vararg_rank == i then continue
+
+                       # skip if the cast is not required
+                       var origmtype =  mpropdef.mproperty.intro.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if not origmtype.need_anchor then continue
+
+                       # get the parameter type
+                       var mtype = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       var anchor = args.first.mtype.as(MClassType)
+                       var amtype = mtype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, anchor)
+                       if not args[i+1].mtype.is_subtype(self.mainmodule, anchor, amtype) then
+                               node.fatal(self, "Cast failed. Expected `{mtype}`, got `{args[i+1].mtype}`")
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Common code for runtime injected calls and normal calls
+       fun send_commons(mproperty: MMethod, args: Array[Instance], mtype: MType): nullable Instance
        do
-               var recv = args.first
-               var mtype = recv.mtype
                if mtype isa MNullType then
                        if mproperty.name == "==" then
                                return self.bool_instance(args[0] == args[1])
                        else if mproperty.name == "!=" then
                                return self.bool_instance(args[0] != args[1])
                        end
-                       #fatal("Reciever is null. {mproperty}. {args.join(" ")} {self.frame.current_node.class_name}")
-                       fatal("Reciever is null")
-                       abort
-               end
-               var propdefs = mproperty.lookup_definitions(self.mainmodule, mtype)
-               if propdefs.length > 1 then
-                       fatal("NOT YET IMPLEMETED ERROR: Property conflict: {propdefs.join(", ")}")
-                       abort
-               end
-               assert propdefs.length == 1 else
-                       fatal("Fatal Error: No property '{mproperty}' for '{recv}'")
-                       abort
+                       #fatal("Receiver is null. {mproperty}. {args.join(" ")} {self.frame.current_node.class_name}")
+                       fatal("Receiver is null")
                end
-               var propdef = propdefs.first
+               return null
+       end
+
+       # Execute a full `callsite` for given `args`
+       # Use this method, instead of `send` to execute and control the aditionnal behavior of the call-sites
+       fun callsite(callsite: nullable CallSite, arguments: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       do
+               return send(callsite.mproperty, arguments)
+       end
+
+       # Execute `mproperty` for a `args` (where `args[0]` is the receiver).
+       # Return a falue if `mproperty` is a function, or null if it is a procedure.
+       # The call is polimotphic. There is a message-seding/late-bindng according to te receiver (args[0]).
+       fun send(mproperty: MMethod, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
+       do
+               var recv = args.first
+               var mtype = recv.mtype
+               var ret = send_commons(mproperty, args, mtype)
+               if ret != null then return ret
+               var propdef = mproperty.lookup_first_definition(self.mainmodule, mtype)
                return self.call(propdef, args)
        end
 
-       # Read the attribute `mproperty' of an instance `recv' and return its value.
+       # Read the attribute `mproperty` of an instance `recv` and return its value.
        # If the attribute in not yet initialized, then aborts with an error message.
        fun read_attribute(mproperty: MAttribute, recv: Instance): Instance
        do
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                if not recv.attributes.has_key(mproperty) then
                        fatal("Uninitialized attribute {mproperty.name}")
                        abort
@@ -339,35 +434,36 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
                return recv.attributes[mproperty]
        end
 
-       # Fill the initial values of the newly created instance `recv'.
-       # `recv.mtype' is used to know what must be filled.
-       fun init_instance(recv: Instance)
+       # Collect attributes of a type in the order of their init
+       fun collect_attr_propdef(mtype: MType): Array[AAttrPropdef]
        do
-               for cd in recv.mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
-               do
+               var cache = self.collect_attr_propdef_cache
+               if cache.has_key(mtype) then return cache[mtype]
+
+               var res = new Array[AAttrPropdef]
+               var cds = mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule).to_a
+               self.mainmodule.linearize_mclassdefs(cds)
+               for cd in cds do
                        var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
                        for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
                                if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       npropdef.init_expr(self, recv)
+                                       res.add(npropdef)
                                end
                        end
                end
+
+               cache[mtype] = res
+               return res
        end
 
-       # Check that non nullable attributes of `recv' are correctly initialized.
-       # This function is used as the last instruction of a new
-       # FIXME: this will work better once there is nullable types
-       fun check_init_instance(recv: Instance)
+       var collect_attr_propdef_cache = new HashMap[MType, Array[AAttrPropdef]]
+
+       # Fill the initial values of the newly created instance `recv`.
+       # `recv.mtype` is used to know what must be filled.
+       fun init_instance(recv: Instance)
        do
-               for cd in recv.mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
-               do
-                       var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
-                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
-                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef and npropdef.n_expr == null then
-                                       # Force read to check the initialization
-                                       self.read_attribute(npropdef.mpropdef.mproperty, recv)
-                               end
-                       end
+               for npropdef in collect_attr_propdef(recv.mtype) do
+                       npropdef.init_expr(self, recv)
                end
        end
 
@@ -379,34 +475,43 @@ private class NaiveInterpreter
 end
 
 # An instance represents a value of the executed program.
-class Instance
+abstract class Instance
        # The dynamic type of the instance
        # ASSERT: not self.mtype.is_anchored
        var mtype: MType
 
-       # The values of the attributes
-       var attributes: Map[MAttribute, Instance] = new HashMap[MAttribute, Instance]
-
        # return true if the instance is the true value.
        # return false if the instance is the true value.
        # else aborts
        fun is_true: Bool do abort
 
-       # Return true if `self' IS `o' (using the Nit semantic of is)
-       fun eq_is(o: Instance): Bool do return self is o
+       # Return true if `self` IS `o` (using the Nit semantic of is)
+       fun eq_is(o: Instance): Bool do return self.is_same_instance(o)
 
        # Human readable object identity "Type#number"
-       redef fun to_s do return "{mtype}#{object_id}"
+       redef fun to_s do return "{mtype}"
 
-       # Return the integer valur is the instance is an integer.
+       # Return the integer value if the instance is an integer.
        # else aborts
        fun to_i: Int do abort
 
+       # Return the integer value if the instance is a float.
+       # else aborts
+       fun to_f: Float do abort
+
        # The real value encapsulated if the instance is primitive.
        # Else aborts.
        fun val: Object do abort
 end
 
+# A instance with attribute (standards objects)
+class MutableInstance
+       super Instance
+
+       # The values of the attributes
+       var attributes: Map[MAttribute, Instance] = new HashMap[MAttribute, Instance]
+end
+
 # Special instance to handle primitives values (int, bool, etc.)
 # The trick it just to encapsulate the <<real>> value
 class PrimitiveInstance[E: Object]
@@ -437,12 +542,14 @@ class PrimitiveInstance[E: Object]
        redef fun eq_is(o)
        do
                if not o isa PrimitiveInstance[Object] then return false
-               return self.val is o.val
+               return self.val.is_same_instance(o.val)
        end
 
        redef fun to_s do return "{mtype}#{val.object_id}({val})"
 
        redef fun to_i do return val.as(Int)
+
+       redef fun to_f do return val.as(Float)
 end
 
 # Information about local variables in a running method
@@ -461,36 +568,51 @@ end
 
 redef class ANode
        # Aborts the program with a message
-       # `v' is used to know if a colored message is displayed or not
+       # `v` is used to know if a colored message is displayed or not
        private fun fatal(v: NaiveInterpreter, message: String)
        do
                if v.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_color.value == true then
-                       print("{message} ({location.file.filename}:{location.line_start})")
+                       stderr.write("Runtime error: {message} ({location.file.filename}:{location.line_start})\n")
                else
-                       print("{location}: {message}\n{location.colored_line("0;31")}")
-                       print(v.stack_trace)
+                       stderr.write("{location}: Runtime error: {message}\n{location.colored_line("0;31")}\n")
+                       stderr.write(v.stack_trace)
+                       stderr.write("\n")
                end
                exit(1)
        end
 end
 
 redef class APropdef
-       # Execute a `mpropdef' associated with the current node.
+       # Execute a `mpropdef` associated with the current node.
        private fun call(v: NaiveInterpreter, mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
        do
-               fatal(v, "Unimplemented {mpropdef}")
+               fatal(v, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED method kind {class_name}. {mpropdef}")
                abort
        end
 end
 
 redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
+
        redef fun call(v, mpropdef, args)
        do
                var f = new Frame(self, self.mpropdef.as(not null), args)
+               call_commons(v, mpropdef, args, f)
+               v.frames.shift
+               if v.returnmark == f then
+                       v.returnmark = null
+                       var res = v.escapevalue
+                       v.escapevalue = null
+                       return res
+               end
+               return null
+       end
+
+       private fun call_commons(v: NaiveInterpreter, mpropdef: MMethodDef, arguments: Array[Instance], f: Frame)
+       do
                for i in [0..mpropdef.msignature.arity[ do
                        var variable = self.n_signature.n_params[i].variable
                        assert variable != null
-                       f.map[variable] = args[i+1]
+                       f.map[variable] = arguments[i+1]
                end
 
                v.frames.unshift(f)
@@ -498,22 +620,17 @@ redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
                # Call the implicit super-init
                var auto_super_inits = self.auto_super_inits
                if auto_super_inits != null then
-                       var selfarg = [args.first]
+                       var args = [arguments.first]
                        for auto_super_init in auto_super_inits do
-                               if auto_super_init.intro.msignature.arity == 0 then
-                                       v.send(auto_super_init, selfarg)
-                               else
-                                       v.send(auto_super_init, args)
+                               args.clear
+                               for i in [0..auto_super_init.msignature.arity+1[ do
+                                       args.add(arguments[i])
                                end
+                               v.callsite(auto_super_init, args)
                        end
                end
 
                v.stmt(self.n_block)
-               v.frames.shift
-               v.returnmark = false
-               var res = v.escapevalue
-               v.escapevalue = null
-               return res
        end
 end
 
@@ -535,11 +652,11 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                        end
                else if pname == "output_class_name" then
                        var recv = args.first
-                       print recv.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass
+                       print recv.mtype
                        return null
                else if pname == "native_class_name" then
                        var recv = args.first
-                       var txt = recv.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass.to_s
+                       var txt = recv.mtype.to_s
                        return v.native_string_instance(txt)
                else if pname == "==" then
                        # == is correclt redefined for instances
@@ -548,6 +665,8 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                        return v.bool_instance(args[0] != args[1])
                else if pname == "is_same_type" then
                        return v.bool_instance(args[0].mtype == args[1].mtype)
+               else if pname == "is_same_instance" then
+                       return v.bool_instance(args[1] != null and args[0].eq_is(args[1]))
                else if pname == "exit" then
                        exit(args[1].to_i)
                        abort
@@ -609,16 +728,27 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                                return v.int_instance(recv <=> args[1].val.as(Char))
                        end
                else if cname == "Float" then
-                       if pname == "+" then
-                               return v.float_instance(args[0].val.as(Float) + args[1].val.as(Float))
+                       var recv = args[0].to_f
+                       if pname == "unary -" then
+                               return v.float_instance(-recv)
+                       else if pname == "+" then
+                               return v.float_instance(recv + args[1].to_f)
                        else if pname == "-" then
-                               return v.float_instance(args[0].val.as(Float) - args[1].val.as(Float))
+                               return v.float_instance(recv - args[1].to_f)
                        else if pname == "*" then
-                               return v.float_instance(args[0].val.as(Float) * args[1].val.as(Float))
+                               return v.float_instance(recv * args[1].to_f)
                        else if pname == "/" then
-                               return v.float_instance(args[0].val.as(Float) / args[1].val.as(Float))
+                               return v.float_instance(recv / args[1].to_f)
+                       else if pname == "<" then
+                               return v.bool_instance(recv < args[1].to_f)
+                       else if pname == ">" then
+                               return v.bool_instance(recv > args[1].to_f)
+                       else if pname == "<=" then
+                               return v.bool_instance(recv <= args[1].to_f)
+                       else if pname == ">=" then
+                               return v.bool_instance(recv >= args[1].to_f)
                        else if pname == "to_i" then
-                               return v.int_instance(args[0].val.as(Float).to_i)
+                               return v.int_instance(recv.to_i)
                        end
                else if cname == "NativeString" then
                        var recvval = args.first.val.as(Buffer)
@@ -627,13 +757,13 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                                if arg1 >= recvval.length or arg1 < 0 then
                                        debug("Illegal access on {recvval} for element {arg1}/{recvval.length}")
                                end
-                               return v.char_instance(recvval[arg1])
+                               return v.char_instance(recvval.chars[arg1])
                        else if pname == "[]=" then
                                var arg1 = args[1].to_i
                                if arg1 >= recvval.length or arg1 < 0 then
                                        debug("Illegal access on {recvval} for element {arg1}/{recvval.length}")
                                end
-                               recvval[arg1] = args[2].val.as(Char)
+                               recvval.chars[arg1] = args[2].val.as(Char)
                                return null
                        else if pname == "copy_to" then
                                # sig= copy_to(dest: NativeString, length: Int, from: Int, to: Int)
@@ -676,12 +806,18 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                        end
                else if pname == "calloc_array" then
                        var recvtype = args.first.mtype.as(MClassType)
-                       var mtype: MType = recvtype.supertype_to(v.mainmodule, recvtype, v.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("ArrayCapable"))
-                       mtype = mtype.as(MGenericType).arguments.first
+                       var mtype: MType
+                       mtype = recvtype.supertype_to(v.mainmodule, recvtype, v.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("ArrayCapable"))
+                       mtype = mtype.arguments.first
                        var val = new Array[Instance].filled_with(v.null_instance, args[1].to_i)
                        return new PrimitiveInstance[Array[Instance]](v.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("NativeArray").get_mtype([mtype]), val)
+               else if pname == "native_argc" then
+                       return v.int_instance(v.arguments.length)
+               else if pname == "native_argv" then
+                       var txt = v.arguments[args[1].to_i]
+                       return v.native_string_instance(txt)
                end
-               fatal(v, "Unimplemented intern {mpropdef}")
+               fatal(v, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED intern {mpropdef}")
                abort
        end
 end
@@ -711,7 +847,7 @@ redef class AExternInitPropdef
                        var a1 = args[1].val.as(Buffer)
                        return new PrimitiveInstance[OStream](mpropdef.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type, new OFStream.open(a1.to_s))
                end
-               fatal(v, "Unimplemented extern init {mpropdef}")
+               fatal(v, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED extern init {mpropdef}")
                abort
        end
 end
@@ -727,6 +863,8 @@ redef class AExternMethPropdef
                        if pname == "rand" then
                                var res = recvval.rand
                                return v.int_instance(res)
+                       else if pname == "native_int_to_s" then
+                               return v.native_string_instance(recvval.to_s)
                        end
                else if cname == "NativeFile" then
                        var recvval = args.first.val
@@ -750,12 +888,47 @@ redef class AExternMethPropdef
                        else if pname == "file_mkdir" then
                                recvval.to_s.mkdir
                                return null
+                       else if pname == "file_chdir" then
+                               recvval.to_s.chdir
+                               return null
+                       else if pname == "file_realpath" then
+                               return v.native_string_instance(recvval.to_s.realpath)
                        else if pname == "get_environ" then
                                var txt = recvval.to_s.environ
                                return v.native_string_instance(txt)
                        else if pname == "system" then
                                var res = sys.system(recvval.to_s)
                                return v.int_instance(res)
+                       else if pname == "atof" then
+                               return v.float_instance(recvval.to_f)
+                       end
+               else if cname == "Int" then
+                       if pname == "rand" then
+                               return v.int_instance(args[0].to_i.rand)
+                       end
+               else if cname == "Float" then
+                       if pname == "cos" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.cos)
+                       else if pname == "sin" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.sin)
+                       else if pname == "tan" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.tan)
+                       else if pname == "acos" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.acos)
+                       else if pname == "asin" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.asin)
+                       else if pname == "atan" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.atan)
+                       else if pname == "sqrt" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.sqrt)
+                       else if pname == "exp" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.exp)
+                       else if pname == "log" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.log)
+                       else if pname == "pow" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.pow(args[1].to_f))
+                       else if pname == "rand" then
+                               return v.float_instance(args[0].to_f.rand)
                        end
                else if pname == "native_argc" then
                        return v.int_instance(v.arguments.length)
@@ -764,6 +937,13 @@ redef class AExternMethPropdef
                        return v.native_string_instance(txt)
                else if pname == "get_time" then
                        return v.int_instance(get_time)
+               else if pname == "srand_from" then
+                       srand_from(args[1].to_i)
+                       return null
+               else if pname == "atan2" then
+                       return v.float_instance(atan2(args[1].to_f, args[2].to_f))
+               else if pname == "pi" then
+                       return v.float_instance(pi)
                else if pname == "lexer_goto" then
                        return v.int_instance(lexer_goto(args[1].to_i, args[2].to_i))
                else if pname == "lexer_accept" then
@@ -772,8 +952,10 @@ redef class AExternMethPropdef
                        return v.int_instance(parser_goto(args[1].to_i, args[2].to_i))
                else if pname == "parser_action" then
                        return v.int_instance(parser_action(args[1].to_i, args[2].to_i))
+               else if pname == "file_getcwd" then
+                       return v.native_string_instance(getcwd)
                end
-               fatal(v, "Unimplemented extern {mpropdef}")
+               fatal(v, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED extern {mpropdef}")
                abort
        end
 end
@@ -781,40 +963,51 @@ end
 redef class AAttrPropdef
        redef fun call(v, mpropdef, args)
        do
+               var recv = args.first
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                var attr = self.mpropdef.mproperty
                if args.length == 1 then
-                       return v.read_attribute(attr, args.first)
+                       return v.read_attribute(attr, recv)
                else
                        assert args.length == 2
-                       args.first.attributes[attr] = args[1]
+                       recv.attributes[attr] = args[1]
                        return null
                end
        end
 
-       # Evaluate and set the default value of the attribute in `recv'
+       # Evaluate and set the default value of the attribute in `recv`
        private fun init_expr(v: NaiveInterpreter, recv: Instance)
        do
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                var nexpr = self.n_expr
                if nexpr != null then
                        var f = new Frame(self, self.mpropdef.as(not null), [recv])
                        v.frames.unshift(f)
                        var val = v.expr(nexpr)
+                       assert val != null
                        v.frames.shift
                        assert not v.is_escaping
                        recv.attributes[self.mpropdef.mproperty] = val
                        return
                end
                var mtype = self.mpropdef.static_mtype.as(not null)
-               # TODO The needinit info is statically computed, move it to modelbuilder or whatever
-               mtype = mtype.resolve_for(self.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+               mtype = mtype.anchor_to(v.mainmodule, recv.mtype.as(MClassType))
                if mtype isa MNullableType then
                        recv.attributes[self.mpropdef.mproperty] = v.null_instance
                end
        end
 end
 
+redef class ADeferredMethPropdef
+       redef fun call(v, mpropdef, args)
+       do
+               fatal(v, "Abstract method `{mpropdef.mproperty.name}` called on `{args.first.mtype}`")
+               abort
+       end
+end
+
 redef class AClassdef
-       # Execute an implicit `mpropdef' associated with the current node.
+       # Execute an implicit `mpropdef` associated with the current node.
        private fun call(v: NaiveInterpreter, mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[Instance]): nullable Instance
        do
                var super_inits = self.super_inits
@@ -826,6 +1019,7 @@ redef class AClassdef
                        return null
                end
                var recv = args.first
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                var i = 1
                # Collect undefined attributes
                for npropdef in self.n_propdefs do
@@ -841,16 +1035,16 @@ end
 redef class AExpr
        # Evaluate the node as a possible expression.
        # Return a possible value
-       # NOTE: Do not call this method directly, but use `v.expr'
+       # NOTE: Do not call this method directly, but use `v.expr`
        # This method is here to be implemented by subclasses.
        private fun expr(v: NaiveInterpreter): nullable Instance
        do
-               fatal(v, "Unimplemented expr {class_name}")
+               fatal(v, "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED expr {class_name}")
                abort
        end
 
        # Evaluate the node as a statement.
-       # NOTE: Do not call this method directly, but use `v.stmt'
+       # NOTE: Do not call this method directly, but use `v.stmt`
        # This method is here to be implemented by subclasses (no need to return something).
        private fun stmt(v: NaiveInterpreter)
        do
@@ -860,6 +1054,17 @@ redef class AExpr
 end
 
 redef class ABlockExpr
+       redef fun expr(v)
+       do
+               var last = self.n_expr.last
+               for e in self.n_expr do
+                       if e == last then break
+                       v.stmt(e)
+                       if v.is_escaping then return null
+               end
+               return last.expr(v)
+       end
+
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                for e in self.n_expr do
@@ -875,6 +1080,7 @@ redef class AVardeclExpr
                var ne = self.n_expr
                if ne != null then
                        var i = v.expr(ne)
+                       if i == null then return
                        v.frame.map[self.variable.as(not null)] = i
                end
        end
@@ -888,10 +1094,12 @@ redef class AVarExpr
 end
 
 redef class AVarAssignExpr
-       redef fun stmt(v)
+       redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_value)
+               if i == null then return null
                v.frame.map[self.variable.as(not null)] = i
+               return i
        end
 end
 
@@ -900,7 +1108,8 @@ redef class AVarReassignExpr
        do
                var vari = v.frame.map[self.variable.as(not null)]
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value)
-               var res = v.send(reassign_property.mproperty, [vari, value])
+               if value == null then return
+               var res = v.callsite(reassign_callsite, [vari, value])
                assert res != null
                v.frame.map[self.variable.as(not null)] = res
        end
@@ -916,6 +1125,12 @@ end
 redef class AContinueExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
+               var ne = self.n_expr
+               if ne != null then
+                       var i = v.expr(ne)
+                       if i == null then return
+                       v.escapevalue = i
+               end
                v.continuemark = self.escapemark
        end
 end
@@ -923,6 +1138,12 @@ end
 redef class ABreakExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
+               var ne = self.n_expr
+               if ne != null then
+                       var i = v.expr(ne)
+                       if i == null then return
+                       v.escapevalue = i
+               end
                v.breakmark = self.escapemark
        end
 end
@@ -933,9 +1154,10 @@ redef class AReturnExpr
                var ne = self.n_expr
                if ne != null then
                        var i = v.expr(ne)
+                       if i == null then return
                        v.escapevalue = i
                end
-               v.returnmark = true
+               v.returnmark = v.frame
        end
 end
 
@@ -948,9 +1170,21 @@ redef class AAbortExpr
 end
 
 redef class AIfExpr
+       redef fun expr(v)
+       do
+               var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
+               if cond.is_true then
+                       return v.expr(self.n_then.as(not null))
+               else
+                       return v.expr(self.n_else.as(not null))
+               end
+       end
+
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return
                if cond.is_true then
                        v.stmt(self.n_then)
                else
@@ -963,6 +1197,7 @@ redef class AIfexprExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
                if cond.is_true then
                        return v.expr(self.n_then)
                else
@@ -984,6 +1219,7 @@ redef class AWhileExpr
        do
                loop
                        var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+                       if cond == null then return
                        if not cond.is_true then return
                        v.stmt(self.n_block)
                        if v.is_break(self.escapemark) then return
@@ -1009,20 +1245,32 @@ redef class AForExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var col = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if col == null then return
+               if col.mtype isa MNullType then fatal(v, "Receiver is null")
+
                #self.debug("col {col}")
-               var iter = v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("iterator", col.mtype), [col]).as(not null)
+               var iter = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("iterator", col.mtype), [col]).as(not null)
                #self.debug("iter {iter}")
                loop
-                       var isok = v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("is_ok", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
+                       var isok = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("is_ok", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
                        if not isok.is_true then return
-                       var item = v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("item", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
-                       #self.debug("item {item}")
-                       v.frame.map[self.variables.first] = item
+                       if self.variables.length == 1 then
+                               var item = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("item", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
+                               #self.debug("item {item}")
+                               v.frame.map[self.variables.first] = item
+                       else if self.variables.length == 2 then
+                               var key = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("key", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
+                               v.frame.map[self.variables[0]] = key
+                               var item = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("item", iter.mtype), [iter]).as(not null)
+                               v.frame.map[self.variables[1]] = item
+                       else
+                               abort
+                       end
                        v.stmt(self.n_block)
                        if v.is_break(self.escapemark) then return
                        v.is_continue(self.escapemark) # Clear the break
                        if v.is_escaping then return
-                       v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("next", iter.mtype), [iter])
+                       v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("next", iter.mtype), [iter])
                end
        end
 end
@@ -1031,6 +1279,7 @@ redef class AAssertExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return
                if not cond.is_true then
                        v.stmt(self.n_else)
                        if v.is_escaping then return
@@ -1049,15 +1298,27 @@ redef class AOrExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
                if cond.is_true then return cond
                return v.expr(self.n_expr2)
        end
 end
 
+redef class AImpliesExpr
+       redef fun expr(v)
+       do
+               var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
+               if not cond.is_true then return v.true_instance
+               return v.expr(self.n_expr2)
+       end
+end
+
 redef class AAndExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
                if not cond.is_true then return cond
                return v.expr(self.n_expr2)
        end
@@ -1067,6 +1328,7 @@ redef class ANotExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var cond = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if cond == null then return null
                return v.bool_instance(not cond.is_true)
        end
 end
@@ -1075,20 +1337,12 @@ redef class AOrElseExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if i == null then return null
                if i != v.null_instance then return i
                return v.expr(self.n_expr2)
        end
 end
 
-redef class AEeExpr
-       redef fun expr(v)
-       do
-               var i = v.expr(self.n_expr)
-               var i2 = v.expr(self.n_expr2)
-               return v.bool_instance(i.eq_is(i2))
-       end
-end
-
 redef class AIntExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
@@ -1115,9 +1369,11 @@ redef class AArrayExpr
        do
                var val = new Array[Instance]
                for nexpr in self.n_exprs.n_exprs do
-                       val.add(v.expr(nexpr))
+                       var i = v.expr(nexpr)
+                       if i == null then return null
+                       val.add(i)
                end
-               var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null)).as(MGenericType)
+               var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null)).as(MClassType)
                var elttype = mtype.arguments.first
                return v.array_instance(val, elttype)
        end
@@ -1128,10 +1384,7 @@ redef class AStringFormExpr
        do
                var txt = self.value.as(not null)
                var nat = v.native_string_instance(txt)
-               var res = new Instance(v.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("String").mclass_type)
-               v.init_instance(res)
-               v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("from_cstring", res.mtype), [res, nat])
-               v.check_init_instance(res)
+               var res = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("to_s", nat.mtype), [nat]).as(not null)
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -1141,10 +1394,12 @@ redef class ASuperstringExpr
        do
                var array = new Array[Instance]
                for nexpr in n_exprs do
-                       array.add(v.expr(nexpr))
+                       var i = v.expr(nexpr)
+                       if i == null then return null
+                       array.add(i)
                end
                var i = v.array_instance(array, v.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Object").mclass_type)
-               var res = v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("to_s", i.mtype), [i])
+               var res = v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("to_s", i.mtype), [i])
                assert res != null
                return res
        end
@@ -1154,12 +1409,13 @@ redef class ACrangeExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var e1 = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if e1 == null then return null
                var e2 = v.expr(self.n_expr2)
+               if e2 == null then return null
                var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null))
-               var res = new Instance(mtype)
+               var res = new MutableInstance(mtype)
                v.init_instance(res)
-               v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("init", mtype), [res, e1, e2])
-               v.check_init_instance(res)
+               v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("init", mtype), [res, e1, e2])
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -1168,12 +1424,13 @@ redef class AOrangeExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var e1 = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if e1 == null then return null
                var e2 = v.expr(self.n_expr2)
+               if e2 == null then return null
                var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null))
-               var res = new Instance(mtype)
+               var res = new MutableInstance(mtype)
                v.init_instance(res)
-               v.send(v.mainmodule.force_get_primitive_method("without_last", mtype), [res, e1, e2])
-               v.check_init_instance(res)
+               v.send(v.force_get_primitive_method("without_last", mtype), [res, e1, e2])
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -1203,6 +1460,7 @@ redef class AIsaExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if i == null then return null
                var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.cast_type.as(not null))
                return v.bool_instance(v.is_subtype(i.mtype, mtype))
        end
@@ -1212,10 +1470,11 @@ redef class AAsCastExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr)
-               var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null))
-               if not v.is_subtype(i.mtype, mtype) then
-                       #fatal(v, "Cast failed expected {mtype}, got {i}")
-                       fatal(v, "Cast failed")
+               if i == null then return null
+               var mtype = self.mtype.as(not null)
+               var amtype = v.unanchor_type(mtype)
+               if not v.is_subtype(i.mtype, amtype) then
+                       fatal(v, "Cast failed. Expected `{amtype}`, got `{i.mtype}`")
                end
                return i
        end
@@ -1225,6 +1484,7 @@ redef class AAsNotnullExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if i == null then return null
                var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null))
                if i.mtype isa MNullType then
                        fatal(v, "Cast failed")
@@ -1247,6 +1507,7 @@ redef class AOnceExpr
                        return v.onces[self]
                else
                        var res = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+                       if res == null then return null
                        v.onces[self] = res
                        return res
                end
@@ -1257,12 +1518,16 @@ redef class ASendExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return null
                var args = [recv]
-               for a in compute_raw_arguments do
-                       args.add(v.expr(a))
+               for a in self.raw_arguments.as(not null) do
+                       var i = v.expr(a)
+                       if i == null then return null
+                       args.add(i)
                end
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
-               return v.send(mproperty, args)
+
+               var res = v.callsite(callsite, args)
+               return res
        end
 end
 
@@ -1270,22 +1535,25 @@ redef class ASendReassignFormExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return
                var args = [recv]
-               for a in compute_raw_arguments do
-                       args.add(v.expr(a))
+               for a in self.raw_arguments.as(not null) do
+                       var i = v.expr(a)
+                       if i == null then return
+                       args.add(i)
                end
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value)
+               if value == null then return
 
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
-               var read = v.send(mproperty, args)
+               var read = v.callsite(callsite, args)
                assert read != null
 
-               var write = v.send(self.reassign_property.mproperty, [read, value])
+               var write = v.callsite(reassign_callsite, [read, value])
                assert write != null
 
                args.add(write)
 
-               v.send(self.write_mproperty.as(not null), args)
+               v.callsite(write_callsite, args)
        end
 end
 
@@ -1295,32 +1563,33 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
                var recv = v.frame.arguments.first
                var args = [recv]
                for a in self.n_args.n_exprs do
-                       args.add(v.expr(a))
-               end
-               if args.length == 1 then
-                       args = v.frame.arguments
+                       var i = v.expr(a)
+                       if i == null then return null
+                       args.add(i)
                end
 
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty
-               if mproperty != null then
-                       if mproperty.intro.msignature.arity == 0 then
-                               args = [recv]
+               var callsite = self.callsite
+               if callsite != null then
+                       # Add additionnals arguments for the super init call
+                       if args.length == 1 then
+                               for i in [0..callsite.mproperty.intro.msignature.arity[ do
+                                       args.add(v.frame.arguments[i+1])
+                               end
                        end
                        # Super init call
-                       var res = v.send(mproperty, args)
+                       var res = v.callsite(callsite, args)
                        return res
                end
 
+               if args.length == 1 then
+                       args = v.frame.arguments
+               end
+
                # stantard call-next-method
                var mpropdef = v.frame.mpropdef
-               # FIXME: we do not want an ugly static call!
-               var mpropdefs = mpropdef.mproperty.lookup_super_definitions(mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype)
-               if mpropdefs.length != 1 then
-                       debug("MPRODFEFS for super {mpropdef} for {recv}: {mpropdefs.join(", ")}")
-               end
-               mpropdef = mpropdefs.first
+               mpropdef = mpropdef.lookup_next_definition(v.mainmodule, recv.mtype)
                assert mpropdef isa MMethodDef
-               var res = v.call(mpropdef, args)
+               var res = v.call_without_varargs(mpropdef, args)
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -1329,19 +1598,19 @@ redef class ANewExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var mtype = v.unanchor_type(self.mtype.as(not null))
-               var recv = new Instance(mtype)
+               var recv: Instance = new MutableInstance(mtype)
                v.init_instance(recv)
                var args = [recv]
                for a in self.n_args.n_exprs do
-                       args.add(v.expr(a))
+                       var i = v.expr(a)
+                       if i == null then return null
+                       args.add(i)
                end
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
-               var res2 = v.send(mproperty, args)
+               var res2 = v.callsite(callsite, args)
                if res2 != null then
                        #self.debug("got {res2} from {mproperty}. drop {recv}")
                        return res2
                end
-               v.check_init_instance(recv)
                return recv
        end
 end
@@ -1350,6 +1619,8 @@ redef class AAttrExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return null
+               if recv.mtype isa MNullType then fatal(v, "Receiver is null")
                var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
                return v.read_attribute(mproperty, recv)
        end
@@ -1359,8 +1630,12 @@ redef class AAttrAssignExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return
+               if recv.mtype isa MNullType then fatal(v, "Receiver is null")
                var i = v.expr(self.n_value)
+               if i == null then return
                var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                recv.attributes[mproperty] = i
        end
 end
@@ -1369,11 +1644,15 @@ redef class AAttrReassignExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return
+               if recv.mtype isa MNullType then fatal(v, "Receiver is null")
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value)
+               if value == null then return
                var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
                var attr = v.read_attribute(mproperty, recv)
-               var res = v.send(reassign_property.mproperty, [attr, value])
+               var res = v.callsite(reassign_callsite, [attr, value])
                assert res != null
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                recv.attributes[mproperty] = res
        end
 end
@@ -1382,7 +1661,10 @@ redef class AIssetAttrExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var recv = v.expr(self.n_expr)
+               if recv == null then return null
+               if recv.mtype isa MNullType then fatal(v, "Receiver is null")
                var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
+               assert recv isa MutableInstance
                return v.bool_instance(recv.attributes.has_key(mproperty))
        end
 end