parser: `Visitor::visit` does not accepts `null`
[nit.git] / src / syntax / typing.nit
index 7f625e8..879f40a 100644 (file)
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 package typing
 
 import syntax_base
-import escape
-import control_flow
+import flow
+import scope
 
 redef class MMSrcModule
        # Walk trough the module and type statments and expressions
@@ -37,22 +37,44 @@ end
 # * Resolve call and attribute access
 # * Check type conformance
 private class TypingVisitor
-special AbsSyntaxVisitor
+       super AbsSyntaxVisitor
        redef fun visit(n)
        do
-               if n != null then n.accept_typing(self)
+               n.accept_typing(self)
        end
 
-       # Current knowledge about variables names and types
-       fun variable_ctx: VariableContext do return _variable_ctx.as(not null)
-       writable var _variable_ctx: nullable VariableContext
+       # Current knowledge about scoped things (variable, labels, etc.)
+       readable var _scope_ctx: ScopeContext = new ScopeContext(self)
 
-       # Non-bypassable knowledge about variables names and types
-       fun base_variable_ctx: VariableContext do return _base_variable_ctx.as(not null)
-       writable var _base_variable_ctx: nullable VariableContext
+       # Current knowledge about control flow
+       fun flow_ctx: FlowContext do return _flow_ctx.as(not null)
+       writable var _flow_ctx: nullable FlowContext
+
+       # Mark a local variable as set
+       fun mark_is_set(va: Variable)
+       do
+               if flow_ctx.is_set(va) then return
+               flow_ctx = flow_ctx.sub_setvariable(va)
+       end
+
+       # Mark the flow context as unreashable
+       fun mark_unreash(n: ANode)
+       do
+               flow_ctx = flow_ctx.sub_unreash(n)
+       end
+
+       # Enter in an expression as inside a new local variable scope
+       fun enter_visit_block(node: nullable AExpr)
+       do
+               if node == null then return
+               scope_ctx.push(node)
+               enter_visit(node)
+               scope_ctx.pop
+       end
 
-       # Current knowledge about escapable blocks
-       readable writable var _escapable_ctx: EscapableContext = new EscapableContext(self)
+       # Non-bypassable knowledge about variables names and types
+       fun base_flow_ctx: FlowContext do return _base_flow_ctx.as(not null)
+       writable var _base_flow_ctx: nullable FlowContext
 
        # The current reciever
        fun self_var: ParamVariable do return _self_var.as(not null)
@@ -67,24 +89,27 @@ special AbsSyntaxVisitor
        # Is a other constructor of the same class invoked
        readable writable var _explicit_other_init_call: Bool = false
 
-       # Make the if_true_variable_ctx of the expression effective
-       private fun use_if_true_variable_ctx(e: AExpr)
+       # Make the if_true_flow_ctx of the expression effective
+       private fun use_if_true_flow_ctx(e: AExpr)
        do
-               var ctx = e.if_true_variable_ctx
-               if ctx != null then variable_ctx = ctx
+               var ctx = e.if_true_flow_ctx
+               if ctx != null then flow_ctx = ctx
        end
 
-       # Make the if_false_variable_ctx of the expression effective
-       private fun use_if_false_variable_ctx(e: AExpr)
+       # Make the if_false_flow_ctx of the expression effective
+       private fun use_if_false_flow_ctx(e: AExpr)
        do
-               var ctx = e.if_false_variable_ctx
-               if ctx != null then variable_ctx = ctx
+               var ctx = e.if_false_flow_ctx
+               if ctx != null then flow_ctx = ctx
        end
 
+       # Are we inside a default closure definition ?
+       readable writable var _is_default_closure_definition: Bool = false
+
        # Number of nested once
        readable writable var _once_count: Int = 0
 
-       init(tc, module) do super
+       init(tc, mod) do super
 
        private fun get_default_constructor_for(n: ANode, c: MMLocalClass, prop: MMSrcMethod): nullable MMMethod
        do
@@ -118,19 +143,19 @@ special AbsSyntaxVisitor
                else if candidates.length > 0 then
                        var a = new Array[String]
                        for p in candidates do
-                               a.add("{p.full_name}{p.signature}")
+                               a.add("{p.full_name}{p.signature.as(not null)}")
                        end
                        v.error(n, "Error: Conflicting default constructor to call for {c}: {a.join(", ")}.")
                        return null
                else if false_candidates.length > 0 then
                        var a = new Array[String]
                        for p in false_candidates do
-                               a.add("{p.full_name}{p.signature}")
+                               a.add("{p.full_name}{p.signature.as(not null)}")
                        end
-                       v.error(n, "Error: there is no available compatible constrctor in {c}. Discarded candidates are {a.join(", ")}.")
+                       v.error(n, "Error: there is no available compatible constructor in {c}. Discarded candidates are {a.join(", ")}.")
                        return null
                else
-                       v.error(n, "Error: there is no available compatible constrctor in {c}.")
+                       v.error(n, "Error: there is no available compatible constructor in {c}.")
                        return null
                end
        end
@@ -151,8 +176,6 @@ end
 redef class AClassdef
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx = new RootVariableContext(v, self)
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
                v.self_var = new ParamVariable("self".to_symbol, self)
                v.self_var.stype = local_class.get_type
                super
@@ -167,25 +190,29 @@ end
 redef class AAttrPropdef
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx.sub(self)
+               v.flow_ctx = new RootFlowContext(v, self)
+               v.base_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+
+               v.scope_ctx.push(self)
                _self_var = v.self_var
                super
                if n_expr != null then
                        v.check_conform_expr(n_expr.as(not null), prop.signature.return_type.as(not null))
                end
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
        end
 end
 
 redef class AMethPropdef
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx.sub(self)
+               v.flow_ctx = new RootFlowContext(v, self)
+               v.base_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+
+               v.scope_ctx.push(self)
                _self_var = v.self_var
                super
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
        end
 end
 
@@ -193,7 +220,7 @@ redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
                super
-               if v.variable_ctx.unreash == false and method.signature.return_type != null then
+               if not v.flow_ctx.unreash and method.signature.return_type != null then
                        v.error(self, "Control error: Reached end of function (a 'return' with a value was expected).")
                end
        end
@@ -220,12 +247,12 @@ redef class AConcreteInitPropdef
                        var cur_c: nullable MMLocalClass = null
                        if i < l then
                                cur_m = explicit_super_init_calls[i]
-                               cur_c = cur_m.global.intro.local_class.for_module(v.module)
+                               cur_c = cur_m.global.intro.local_class.for_module(v.mmmodule)
                        end
                        var j = 0
                        while j < v.local_class.cshe.direct_greaters.length do
                                var c = v.local_class.cshe.direct_greaters[j]
-                               if c.global.is_interface or c.global.is_universal or c.global.is_mixin then
+                               if c.global.is_interface or c.global.is_enum or c.global.is_extern or c.global.is_mixin then
                                        j += 1
                                else if cur_c != null and (c.cshe <= cur_c or cur_c.global.is_mixin) then
                                        if c == cur_c then j += 1
@@ -233,7 +260,7 @@ redef class AConcreteInitPropdef
                                        i += 1
                                        if i < l then
                                                cur_m = explicit_super_init_calls[i]
-                                               cur_c = cur_m.global.intro.local_class.for_module(v.module)
+                                               cur_c = cur_m.global.intro.local_class.for_module(v.mmmodule)
                                        else
                                                cur_m = null
                                                cur_c = null
@@ -250,10 +277,31 @@ redef class AConcreteInitPropdef
        end
 end
 
+redef class AExternInitPropdef
+       redef fun accept_typing(v)
+       do
+               v.explicit_other_init_call = false
+               super
+       end
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               super
+       end
+end
+
+redef class ASignature
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               if self.n_opar != null and self.n_params.is_empty then
+                       v.warning(self, "Warning: superfluous parentheses.")
+               end
+       end
+end
+
 redef class AParam
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.add(variable)
+               v.scope_ctx.add_variable(variable)
        end
 end
 
@@ -264,24 +312,27 @@ redef class AClosureDecl
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
                # Register the closure for ClosureCallExpr
-               v.variable_ctx.add(variable)
+               v.scope_ctx.add_variable(variable)
 
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               var old_base_var_ctx = v.base_variable_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+               var old_base_flow_ctx = v.base_flow_ctx
+               v.base_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
                var blist: nullable Array[AExpr] = null
                var t = v.local_property.signature.return_type
                if t != null then blist = new Array[AExpr]
                var escapable = new EscapableClosure(self, variable.closure, blist)
                _escapable = escapable
-               v.escapable_ctx.push(escapable, null)
+               v.scope_ctx.push_escapable(escapable, null)
+
+               v.is_default_closure_definition = true
 
                super
 
+               v.is_default_closure_definition = false
+
                if n_expr != null then
-                       if v.variable_ctx.unreash == false then
+                       if v.flow_ctx.unreash == false then
                                if variable.closure.signature.return_type != null then
                                        v.error(self, "Control error: Reached end of block (a 'continue' with a value was expected).")
                                else if variable.closure.is_break and escapable.break_list != null then
@@ -293,10 +344,9 @@ redef class AClosureDecl
                        v.check_conform_expr(x, t)
                end
 
-               old_var_ctx.merge(v.variable_ctx)
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = old_base_var_ctx
-               v.escapable_ctx.pop
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.base_flow_ctx = old_base_flow_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
        end
 end
 
@@ -343,11 +393,32 @@ redef class AExpr
        # The variable accessed is any
        fun its_variable: nullable Variable do return null
 
-       # The variable type information if current boolean expression is true
-       readable private var _if_true_variable_ctx: nullable VariableContext
+       # The control flow information if current boolean expression is true
+       readable private var _if_true_flow_ctx: nullable FlowContext
+
+       # The control flow information if current boolean expression is false
+       readable private var _if_false_flow_ctx: nullable FlowContext
+
+       # Wharn in case of superfluous parentheses
+       private fun warn_parentheses(v: AbsSyntaxVisitor)
+       do
+       end
+end
+
+redef class AParExpr
+       redef fun warn_parentheses(v)
+       do
+               v.warning(self, "Warning: superfluous parentheses.")
+       end
+end
 
-       # The variable type information if current boolean expression is false
-       readable private var _if_false_variable_ctx: nullable VariableContext
+redef class AParExprs
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               if n_exprs.is_empty then
+                       v.warning(self, "Warning: superfluous parentheses.")
+               end
+       end
 end
 
 redef class AVardeclExpr
@@ -358,9 +429,9 @@ redef class AVardeclExpr
        do
                var va = new VarVariable(n_id.to_symbol, n_id)
                _variable = va
-               v.variable_ctx.add(va)
+               v.scope_ctx.add_variable(va)
                var ne = n_expr
-               if ne != null then v.variable_ctx.mark_is_set(va)
+               if ne != null then v.mark_is_set(va)
 
                if n_type != null then
                        if not n_type.is_typed then return
@@ -370,7 +441,13 @@ redef class AVardeclExpr
                        end
                else if ne != null then
                        if not v.check_expr(ne) then return
-                       va.stype = ne.stype
+                       var st = ne.stype
+                       if st isa MMTypeNone then
+                               va.stype = v.type_object.as_nullable
+                               v.flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, va, st)
+                       else
+                               va.stype = st
+                       end
                else
                        va.stype = v.type_object.as_nullable
                end
@@ -381,19 +458,15 @@ end
 redef class ABlockExpr
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
-
                for e in n_expr do
-                       if v.variable_ctx.unreash and not v.variable_ctx.already_unreash then
-                               v.variable_ctx.already_unreash = true
-                               v.warning(e, "Warning: unreachable statement.")
+                       if not v.flow_ctx.unreash then
+                               v.enter_visit(e)
+                       else if not v.flow_ctx.already_unreash then
+                               v.flow_ctx.already_unreash = true
+                               v.error(e, "Error: unreachable statement.")
                        end
-                       v.enter_visit(e)
                end
 
-               old_var_ctx.merge(v.variable_ctx)
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
@@ -401,8 +474,14 @@ end
 redef class AReturnExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.unreash = true
+               v.mark_unreash(self)
                var t = v.local_property.signature.return_type
+
+               if v.is_default_closure_definition then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: 'return' invalid in default closure definitions. Use 'continue' or 'break'.")
+                       return
+               end
+
                var e = n_expr
                if e == null and t != null then
                        v.error(self, "Error: Return without value in a function.")
@@ -411,6 +490,9 @@ redef class AReturnExpr
                else if e != null and t != null then
                        v.check_conform_expr(e, t)
                end
+               if e != null then
+                       e.warn_parentheses(v)
+               end
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
@@ -418,8 +500,8 @@ end
 redef class AContinueExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.unreash = true
-               var esc = compute_escapable_block(v.escapable_ctx)
+               v.mark_unreash(self)
+               var esc = compute_escapable_block(v.scope_ctx)
                if esc == null then return
 
                if esc.is_break_block then
@@ -428,12 +510,16 @@ redef class AContinueExpr
                end
 
                var t = esc.continue_stype
-               if n_expr == null and t != null then
+               var e = n_expr
+               if e == null and t != null then
                        v.error(self, "Error: continue with a value required in this block.")
-               else if n_expr != null and t == null then
+               else if e != null and t == null then
                        v.error(self, "Error: continue without value required in this block.")
-               else if n_expr != null and t != null then
-                       v.check_conform_expr(n_expr.as(not null), t)
+               else if e != null and t != null then
+                       v.check_conform_expr(e, t)
+               end
+               if e != null then
+                       e.warn_parentheses(v)
                end
                _is_typed = true
        end
@@ -442,18 +528,25 @@ end
 redef class ABreakExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.unreash = true
-               var esc = compute_escapable_block(v.escapable_ctx)
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+               v.mark_unreash(self)
+               var esc = compute_escapable_block(v.scope_ctx)
                if esc == null then return
 
+               esc.break_flow_contexts.add(old_flow_ctx)
+
                var bl = esc.break_list
-               if n_expr == null and bl != null then
+               var e = n_expr
+               if e == null and bl != null then
                        v.error(self, "Error: break with a value required in this block.")
-               else if n_expr != null and bl == null then
+               else if e != null and bl == null then
                        v.error(self, "Error: break without value required in this block.")
-               else if n_expr != null and bl != null then
+               else if e != null and bl != null then
                        # Typing check can only be done later
-                       bl.add(n_expr.as(not null))
+                       bl.add(e)
+               end
+               if e != null then
+                       e.warn_parentheses(v)
                end
                _is_typed = true
        end
@@ -462,77 +555,108 @@ end
 redef class AAbortExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.unreash = true
+               v.mark_unreash(self)
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
 
-redef class ADoExpr
+# An abstract control structure with feature escapable block
+abstract class AAbsControl
+       super AExpr
        # The corresponding escapable block
        readable var _escapable: nullable EscapableBlock
 
-       redef fun accept_typing(v)
+       # Enter and process a control structure
+       private fun process_control(v: TypingVisitor, escapable: EscapableBlock, n_label: nullable ALabel, is_loop: Bool)
        do
-               var escapable = new BreakOnlyEscapableBlock(self)
+               # Register the escapable block
                _escapable = escapable
-               v.escapable_ctx.push(escapable, n_label)
+               v.scope_ctx.push_escapable(escapable, n_label)
 
-               super
+               # Save an prepare the contextes
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+               var old_base_flow_ctx = v.base_flow_ctx
+               if is_loop then v.base_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+
+               # Do the main processing
+               process_control_inside(v)
+
+               # Add the end of the block as an exit context
+               if not v.flow_ctx.unreash then
+                       escapable.break_flow_contexts.add(v.flow_ctx)
+               end
+
+               # Merge all exit contexts
+               if escapable.break_flow_contexts.is_empty then
+                       v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+                       v.mark_unreash(self)
+               else
+                       v.flow_ctx = old_base_flow_ctx.merge(self, escapable.break_flow_contexts)
+               end
 
-               v.escapable_ctx.pop
+               if is_loop then v.base_flow_ctx = old_base_flow_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
                _is_typed = true
        end
+
+       # What to do inside the control block?
+       private fun process_control_inside(v: TypingVisitor) is abstract
+end
+
+redef class ADoExpr
+       super AAbsControl
+       redef fun accept_typing(v)
+       do
+               process_control(v, new BreakOnlyEscapableBlock(self), n_label, false)
+       end
+
+       redef fun process_control_inside(v)
+       do
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_block)
+       end
 end
 
 redef class AIfExpr
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, v.type_bool)
 
+               n_expr.warn_parentheses(v)
+
                # Prepare 'then' context
-               v.use_if_true_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+               v.use_if_true_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process the 'then'
-               if n_then != null then
-                       v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_then.as(not null))
-                       v.enter_visit(n_then)
-               end
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_then)
 
                # Remember what appened in the 'then'
-               var then_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+               var then_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
                # Prepare 'else' context
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.use_if_false_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.use_if_false_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process the 'else'
-               if n_else != null then
-                       v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_else.as(not null))
-                       v.enter_visit(n_else)
-               end
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_else)
 
                # Merge 'then' and 'else' contexts
-               old_var_ctx.merge2(then_var_ctx, v.variable_ctx, v.base_variable_ctx)
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.flow_ctx = v.base_flow_ctx.merge_reash(self, then_flow_ctx, v.flow_ctx)
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
 
 redef class AWhileExpr
-       # The corresponding escapable block
-       readable var _escapable: nullable EscapableBlock
-
+       super AAbsControl
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var escapable = new EscapableBlock(self)
-               _escapable = escapable
-               v.escapable_ctx.push(escapable, n_label)
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               var old_base_var_ctx = v.base_variable_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
+               process_control(v, new EscapableBlock(self), n_label, true)
+       end
+
+       redef fun process_control_inside(v)
+       do
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
                # Process condition
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
@@ -540,94 +664,122 @@ redef class AWhileExpr
 
                if n_expr isa ATrueExpr then
                        v.warning(self, "Warning: use 'loop' instead of 'while true do'.")
+               else
+                       n_expr.warn_parentheses(v)
                end
 
                # Prepare inside context (assert cond)
-               v.use_if_true_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.use_if_true_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process inside
-               if n_block != null then
-                       v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_block.as(not null))
-                       v.enter_visit(n_block)
-               end
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_block)
 
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = old_base_var_ctx
-               v.escapable_ctx.pop
-               _is_typed = true
+               # Compute outside context (assert !cond + all breaks)
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.use_if_false_flow_ctx(n_expr)
+               escapable.break_flow_contexts.add(v.flow_ctx)
        end
 end
 
 redef class ALoopExpr
-       # The corresponding escapable block
-       readable var _escapable: nullable EscapableBlock
-
+       super AAbsControl
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var escapable = new EscapableBlock(self)
-               _escapable = escapable
-               v.escapable_ctx.push(escapable, n_label)
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               var old_base_var_ctx = v.base_variable_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
+               process_control(v, new EscapableBlock(self), n_label, true)
+       end
 
+       redef fun process_control_inside(v)
+       do
                # Process inside
-               if n_block != null then
-                       v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_block.as(not null))
-                       v.enter_visit(n_block)
-               end
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_block)
 
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = old_base_var_ctx
-               v.escapable_ctx.pop
-               _is_typed = true
+               # Never automatically reach after the loop
+               v.mark_unreash(self)
        end
 end
 
 redef class AForExpr
-       var _variable: nullable AutoVariable
-       redef fun variable do return _variable.as(not null)
-
-       # The corresponding escapable block
-       readable var _escapable: nullable EscapableBlock
+       super AAbsControl
+       var _variables: nullable Array[AutoVariable]
+       redef fun variables do return _variables.as(not null)
 
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var escapable = new EscapableBlock(self)
-               _escapable = escapable
-               v.escapable_ctx.push(escapable, n_label)
+               process_control(v, new EscapableBlock(self), n_label, true)
+       end
 
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               var old_base_var_ctx = v.base_variable_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
-               var va = new AutoVariable(n_id.to_symbol, n_id)
-               _variable = va
-               v.variable_ctx.add(va)
+       redef fun process_control_inside(v)
+       do
+               v.scope_ctx.push(self)
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
-               # Process collection
-               v.enter_visit(n_expr)
+               do_typing(v)
+
+               # Process inside
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_block)
+
+               # end == begin of the loop
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
+       end
 
-               if not v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, v.type_collection) then return
+       private fun do_typing(v: TypingVisitor)
+       do
+               # Create the automatic variables
+               var vas = new Array[AutoVariable]
+               for n_id in n_ids do
+                       var va = new AutoVariable(n_id.to_symbol, n_id)
+                       v.scope_ctx.add_variable(va)
+                       vas.add(va)
+               end
+               _variables = vas
+
+               # Process reciever
+               v.enter_visit(n_expr)
+               if not v.check_expr(n_expr) then return
                var expr_type = n_expr.stype
 
-               # Get iterator
-               var meth_iterator = v.get_method(expr_type, once "iterator".to_symbol)
-               var iter_type = meth_iterator.signature_for(expr_type).return_type.as(not null)
-               var meth_item = v.get_method(iter_type, once ("item".to_symbol))
-               var va_stype = meth_item.signature_for(iter_type).return_type.as(not null)
-               if not n_expr.is_self then va_stype = va_stype.not_for_self
-               va.stype = va_stype
-
-               # Body evaluation
-               if n_block != null then v.enter_visit(n_block)
-
-               # pop context
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = old_base_var_ctx
-               v.escapable_ctx.pop
-               _is_typed = true
+               if expr_type.is_nullable then
+                       v.error(n_expr, "Type error: 'for' on a nullable expression.")
+                       return
+               end
+               n_expr.warn_parentheses(v)
+
+               # Get iterate
+               var iterate_name = once "iterate".to_symbol
+               if not expr_type.local_class.has_global_property_by_name(iterate_name) then
+                       v.error(n_expr, "Type error: Expected a type with an 'iterate' method. Found {expr_type}.")
+                       return
+               end
+               var prop = expr_type.local_class.select_method(iterate_name)
+               prop.global.check_visibility(v, self, v.mmmodule, n_expr.is_self)
+               var psig = prop.signature_for(expr_type)
+               if not n_expr.is_self then psig = psig.not_for_self
+               if psig.arity != 0 then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: 'iterate' incompatible with 'for': require no arguments.")
+                       return
+               else if psig.closures.length != 1 then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: 'iterate' incompatible with 'for': require one closure.")
+                       return
+               end
+               psig = psig.closures.first.signature
+               if psig.return_type != null then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: 'iterate' incompatible with 'for': require one procedural closure.")
+                       return
+               end
+               if vas.length != psig.arity then
+                       if psig.arity == 1 then
+                               v.error(self, "Error: Expected {psig.arity} variable {psig}, found {vas.length}.")
+                       else
+                               v.error(self, "Error: Expected {psig.arity} variables {psig}, found {vas.length}.")
+                       end
+                       return
+               end
+
+               # Type the automatic variables
+               for i in [0..vas.length[ do
+                       vas[i].stype = psig[i]
+               end
        end
 end
 
@@ -637,17 +789,18 @@ redef class AAssertExpr
                # Process condition
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, v.type_bool)
+               n_expr.warn_parentheses(v)
 
                # Process optional 'else' part
                if n_else != null then
-                       var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-                       v.use_if_false_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+                       var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+                       v.use_if_false_flow_ctx(n_expr)
                        v.enter_visit(n_else)
-                       v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+                       v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
                end
 
                # Prepare outside
-               v.use_if_true_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.use_if_true_flow_ctx(n_expr)
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
@@ -662,8 +815,8 @@ redef class AVarExpr
 
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.check_is_set(self, variable)
-               _stype = v.variable_ctx.stype(variable)
+               v.flow_ctx.check_is_set(self, variable)
+               _stype = v.flow_ctx.stype(variable)
                _is_typed = _stype != null
        end
 end
@@ -671,15 +824,15 @@ end
 redef class AVarAssignExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.mark_is_set(variable)
+               v.mark_is_set(variable)
 
                # Check the base type
-               var btype = v.base_variable_ctx.stype(variable)
+               var btype = v.base_flow_ctx.stype(variable)
                if not v.check_expr(n_value) then return
                if btype != null and not v.check_conform_expr(n_value, btype) then return
 
                # Always cast
-               v.variable_ctx.stype(variable) = n_value.stype
+               v.flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n_value.stype)
 
                _is_typed = true
        end
@@ -705,7 +858,7 @@ redef class AReassignFormExpr
                        return null
                end
                var prop = lc.select_method(name)
-               prop.global.check_visibility(v, self, v.module, false)
+               prop.global.check_visibility(v, self, v.mmmodule, false)
                var psig = prop.signature_for(type_lvalue)
                _assign_method = prop
                if not v.check_conform_expr(n_value, psig[0].not_for_self) then return null
@@ -719,19 +872,19 @@ end
 redef class AVarReassignExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               v.variable_ctx.check_is_set(self, variable)
-               v.variable_ctx.mark_is_set(variable)
-               var t = v.variable_ctx.stype(variable)
+               v.flow_ctx.check_is_set(self, variable)
+               v.mark_is_set(variable)
+               var t = v.flow_ctx.stype(variable)
                var t2 = do_rvalue_typing(v, t)
                if t2 == null then return
 
                # Check the base type
-               var btype = v.base_variable_ctx.stype(variable)
+               var btype = v.base_flow_ctx.stype(variable)
                if not v.check_expr(n_value) then return
                if btype != null and not v.check_conform(n_value, t2, btype) then return
 
                # Always cast
-               v.variable_ctx.stype(variable) = t2
+               v.flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, t2)
 
                _is_typed = true
        end
@@ -756,7 +909,7 @@ redef class ASelfExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
                _variable = v.self_var
-               _stype = v.variable_ctx.stype(variable)
+               _stype = v.flow_ctx.stype(variable)
                _is_typed = true
        end
 
@@ -770,33 +923,30 @@ end
 redef class AIfexprExpr
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
                # Process condition
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, v.type_bool)
 
                # Prepare 'then' context
-               v.use_if_true_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.use_if_true_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process 'then'
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_then)
-               v.enter_visit(n_then)
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_then)
 
                # Remember what appened in the 'then'
-               var then_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+               var then_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
 
                # Prepare 'else' context
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.use_if_false_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.use_if_false_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process 'else'
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(n_else)
-               v.enter_visit(n_else)
+               v.enter_visit_block(n_else)
 
                # Merge 'then' and 'else' contexts
-               old_var_ctx.merge2(then_var_ctx, v.variable_ctx, v.base_variable_ctx)
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.flow_ctx = v.base_flow_ctx.merge_reash(self, then_flow_ctx, v.flow_ctx)
 
                var stype = v.check_conform_multiexpr(null, [n_then, n_else])
                if stype == null then return
@@ -817,7 +967,7 @@ end
 redef class AOrExpr
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
                var stype = v.type_bool
                _stype = stype
 
@@ -825,17 +975,17 @@ redef class AOrExpr
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
 
                # Prepare right operand context
-               v.use_if_false_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.use_if_false_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process right operand
                v.enter_visit(n_expr2)
-               if n_expr2.if_false_variable_ctx != null then
-                       _if_false_variable_ctx = n_expr2.if_false_variable_ctx
+               if n_expr2.if_false_flow_ctx != null then
+                       _if_false_flow_ctx = n_expr2.if_false_flow_ctx
                else
-                       _if_false_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+                       _if_false_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
                end
 
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
 
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, stype)
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr2, stype)
@@ -847,24 +997,24 @@ end
 redef class AAndExpr
        redef fun accept_typing(v)
        do
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
                var stype = v.type_bool
 
                # Process left operand
                v.enter_visit(n_expr)
 
                # Prepare right operand context
-               v.use_if_true_variable_ctx(n_expr)
+               v.use_if_true_flow_ctx(n_expr)
 
                # Process right operand
                v.enter_visit(n_expr2)
-               if n_expr2.if_true_variable_ctx != null then
-                       _if_true_variable_ctx = n_expr2.if_true_variable_ctx
+               if n_expr2.if_true_flow_ctx != null then
+                       _if_true_flow_ctx = n_expr2.if_true_flow_ctx
                else
-                       _if_true_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
+                       _if_true_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
                end
 
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
 
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, stype)
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr2, stype)
@@ -879,14 +1029,53 @@ redef class ANotExpr
                v.check_conform_expr(n_expr, v.type_bool)
 
                # Invert if_true/if_false information
-               _if_false_variable_ctx = n_expr._if_true_variable_ctx
-               _if_true_variable_ctx = n_expr._if_false_variable_ctx
+               _if_false_flow_ctx = n_expr._if_true_flow_ctx
+               _if_true_flow_ctx = n_expr._if_false_flow_ctx
 
                _stype = v.type_bool
                _is_typed = true
        end
 end
 
+redef class AOrElseExpr
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+
+               # Process left operand
+               v.enter_visit(n_expr)
+               v.check_expr(n_expr)
+
+               # Consider the type of the left operand
+               var t = n_expr.stype
+               if not t.is_nullable then
+                       v.warning(n_expr, "Warning: left operand of a 'or else' is not a nullable type.")
+               else
+                       t = t.as_notnull
+               end
+
+               # Prepare the else context : ie the first expression is null
+               var variable = n_expr.its_variable
+               if variable != null then
+                       v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, v.type_none)
+               end
+
+               # Process right operand
+               v.enter_visit(n_expr2)
+               v.check_expr(n_expr)
+
+               # Restore the context
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+
+               # Merge the types
+               var stype = v.check_conform_multiexpr(t, [n_expr2])
+               if stype == null then return
+
+               _stype = stype
+               _is_typed = true
+       end
+end
+
 redef class AIntExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
@@ -924,8 +1113,10 @@ redef class ASuperstringExpr
        var _atype: nullable MMType
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
+               var otype = v.type_object
                var stype = v.type_string
                _stype = stype
+               for e in n_exprs do v.check_conform_expr(e, otype)
                var atype = v.type_array(stype)
                _atype = atype
                _is_typed = true
@@ -943,7 +1134,7 @@ end
 redef class AArrayExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
-               var stype = v.check_conform_multiexpr(null, n_exprs)
+               var stype = v.check_conform_multiexpr(null, n_exprs.n_exprs)
                if stype != null then do_typing(v, stype)
        end
 
@@ -1001,7 +1192,7 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
                        assert p isa MMMethod
                        _init_in_superclass = p
                        register_super_init_call(v, p)
-                       if n_args.length > 0 then
+                       if n_args.n_exprs.length > 0 then
                                var signature = get_signature(v, v.self_var.stype.as(not null), p, true)
                                process_signature(v, signature, p.name, compute_raw_arguments)
                        end
@@ -1015,7 +1206,7 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
                        var stype: nullable MMType = null
                        for prop in precs do
                                assert prop isa MMMethod
-                               var t = prop.signature_for(v.self_var.stype.as(not null)).return_type.for_module(v.module).adapt_to(v.local_property.signature.recv)
+                               var t = prop.signature_for(v.self_var.stype.as(not null)).return_type.for_module(v.mmmodule).adapt_to(v.local_property.signature.recv)
                                stypes.add(t)
                                if stype == null or stype < t then
                                        stype = t
@@ -1033,6 +1224,123 @@ redef class ASuperExpr
        end
 end
 
+redef class AExternCall
+       fun target_class_name : nullable Symbol do return null
+       fun target_method_name : Symbol is abstract
+
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               var target_class_name = self.target_class_name
+               var target_method_name = self.target_method_name
+
+               var target_class : MMLocalClass
+               var target_method : MMMethod
+
+               # find class
+               # self.target_class_name can be redef'd by sub-classes
+               if target_class_name == null then
+                       target_class = v.local_property.local_class
+               else
+                       if v.local_property.mmmodule.has_global_class_named( target_class_name ) then
+                               var global_class = v.local_property.mmmodule.global_class_named( target_class_name )
+                               target_class = v.local_property.mmmodule[ global_class ]
+                       else
+                               v.error( self, "Error: class {target_class_name.to_s}, not found." )
+                               return
+                       end
+               end
+
+               if target_class.has_global_property_by_name( target_method_name ) then
+                       var global_property = target_class.get_property_by_name( target_method_name )
+
+                       var target_property = target_class[global_property]
+
+                       if target_property isa MMMethod then
+                               target_method = target_property
+                       else
+                               v.error( self, "Error: property {target_method_name.to_s} is not a method." )
+                               return
+                       end
+               else
+                       v.error( self, "Error: property {target_method_name.to_s} not found in target class." )
+                       return
+               end
+
+               var explicit_import = new MMExplicitImport( target_class, target_method )
+               v.local_property.as(MMSrcMethod).explicit_imports.add( explicit_import )
+       end
+end
+
+redef class ALocalPropExternCall
+       redef fun target_class_name do return null
+       redef fun target_method_name do return n_methid.name.as(not null)
+end
+
+redef class ASuperExternCall
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               var precs: Array[MMLocalProperty] = v.local_property.prhe.direct_greaters
+               if not precs.is_empty then
+                       v.local_property.need_super = true
+               else
+                       v.error(self, "Error: No super method to call for {v.local_property}.")
+                       return
+               end
+       end
+end
+
+redef class AFullPropExternCall
+       redef fun target_class_name do return n_classid.to_symbol
+       redef fun target_method_name do return n_methid.name.as(not null)
+end
+
+redef class AInitPropExternCall
+       redef fun target_class_name do return n_classid.to_symbol
+       redef fun target_method_name do return "init".to_symbol
+end
+
+redef class ACastExternCall
+       fun from_type : MMType is abstract
+       fun to_type : MMType is abstract
+
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               if from_type == to_type
+               then
+                       v.error( self, "Attepting to cast from and to the same type." )
+               end
+
+               var cast = new MMImportedCast( from_type, to_type )
+               var m = v.local_property
+               assert m isa MMMethod
+               m.explicit_casts.add( cast )
+       end
+end
+
+redef class ACastAsExternCall
+       redef fun from_type do return n_from_type.stype
+       redef fun to_type do return n_to_type.stype
+end
+
+redef class AAsNullableExternCall
+       redef fun from_type do return n_type.stype
+       redef fun to_type do return n_type.stype.as_nullable
+end
+
+redef class AAsNotNullableExternCall
+       redef fun from_type
+       do
+               var t = n_type.stype
+               if t.is_nullable
+               then
+                       return t
+               else
+                       return t.as_nullable
+               end
+       end
+       redef fun to_type do return n_type.stype.as_notnull
+end
+
 redef class AAttrFormExpr
        redef fun prop do return _prop.as(not null)
        var _prop: nullable MMAttribute
@@ -1056,8 +1364,8 @@ redef class AAttrFormExpr
                        return
                end
                var prop = lc.select_attribute(name)
-               if v.module.visibility_for(prop.global.local_class.module) < 3 then
-                       v.error(self, "Error: Attribute {name} from {prop.global.local_class.module} is invisible in {v.module}")
+               if v.mmmodule.visibility_for(prop.global.local_class.mmmodule) < 3 then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: Attribute {name} from {prop.global.local_class.mmmodule} is invisible in {v.mmmodule}")
                end
                _prop = prop
                var at = prop.signature_for(type_recv).return_type 
@@ -1146,7 +1454,7 @@ redef class AAbsAbsSendExpr
                var raw_arity: Int
                if raw_args == null then raw_arity = 0 else raw_arity = raw_args.length
                if par_arity > raw_arity or (par_arity != raw_arity and par_vararg == -1) then
-                       v.error(self, "Error: arity missmatch; prototype is '{name}{psig}'.")
+                       v.error(self, "Error: arity mismatch; prototype is '{name}{psig}'.")
                        return false
                end
                var arg_idx = 0
@@ -1199,9 +1507,9 @@ redef class AAbsAbsSendExpr
                                        var csi = psig.closure_named(cni)
                                        if csi != null then
                                                var esc = new EscapableClosure(cdi, csi, break_list)
-                                               v.escapable_ctx.push(esc, n_label)
+                                               v.scope_ctx.push_escapable(esc, n_label)
                                                cdi.accept_typing2(v, esc)
-                                               v.escapable_ctx.pop
+                                               v.scope_ctx.pop
                                        else if cs.length == 1 then
                                                v.error(cdi.n_id, "Error: no closure named '!{cni}' in {name}; only closure is !{cs.first.name}.")
                                        else
@@ -1243,13 +1551,18 @@ redef class AAbsSendExpr
        private fun get_property(v: TypingVisitor, type_recv: MMType, is_implicit_self: Bool, name: Symbol): nullable MMMethod
        do
                if type_recv isa MMTypeNone then
-                       v.error(self, "Error: Method '{name}' call on 'null'.")
-                       return null
+                       if name == (once "==".to_symbol) or name == (once "!=".to_symbol) then
+                               # Special case on != and == that are allowed for 'null'
+                               type_recv = v.type_object.as_nullable
+                       else
+                               v.error(self, "Error: Method '{name}' call on 'null'.")
+                               return null
+                       end
                end
                var lc = type_recv.local_class
                var prop: nullable MMMethod = null
                if lc.has_global_property_by_name(name) then prop = lc.select_method(name)
-               if prop == null and v.local_property.global.is_init then
+               if prop == null then
                        var props = lc.super_methods_named(name)
                        if props.length > 1 then
                                v.error(self, "Error: Ambigous method name '{name}' for {props.join(", ")}. Use explicit designation.")
@@ -1275,7 +1588,7 @@ redef class AAbsSendExpr
        # Get the signature for a local property and a receiver
        private fun get_signature(v: TypingVisitor, type_recv: MMType, prop: MMMethod, recv_is_self: Bool): MMSignature
        do
-               prop.global.check_visibility(v, self, v.module, recv_is_self)
+               prop.global.check_visibility(v, self, v.mmmodule, recv_is_self)
                var psig = prop.signature_for(type_recv)
                if not recv_is_self then psig = psig.not_for_self
                return psig
@@ -1297,7 +1610,7 @@ redef class ASuperInitCall
                if parent != v.top_block and self != v.top_block then
                        v.error(self, "Error: Constructor invocation {property} must not be in nested block.")
                end
-               var cla = v.module[property.global.intro.local_class.global]
+               var cla = v.mmmodule[property.global.intro.local_class.global]
                var prev_class: nullable MMLocalClass = null
                var esic = v.explicit_super_init_calls.as(not null)
                if not esic.is_empty then
@@ -1311,14 +1624,10 @@ redef class ASuperInitCall
                else if cla == prev_class then
                        v.error(self, "Error: Only one super constructor invocation of class {cla} is allowed.")
                else
-                       var last_is_found = prev_class == null
                        for c in order do
                                if c == prev_class then
-                                       last_is_found = true
+                                       prev_class = null
                                else if c == cla then
-                                       if not last_is_found then
-                                               v.error(self, "Error: Constructor of {c} must be invoked before constructor of {prev_class}")
-                                       end
                                        esic.add(property)
                                        break
                                end
@@ -1338,6 +1647,9 @@ redef class ANewExpr
                        v.error(self, "Error: try to instantiate abstract class {t.local_class}.")
                        return
                end
+               if t.is_nullable then
+                       v.error(self, "Type error: cannot instantiate the nullable type {t}.")
+               end
                var name: Symbol
                if n_id == null then
                        name = once "init".to_symbol
@@ -1352,6 +1664,10 @@ redef class ANewExpr
                        v.error(self, "Error: {prop} is not a constructor.")
                        return
                end
+               if not prop.global.is_init_for(t.local_class) then
+                       v.error(self, "Error: {prop} is not a constructor in {t.local_class}.")
+                       return
+               end
                _stype = t
                _is_typed = true
        end
@@ -1449,7 +1765,7 @@ redef class AEqExpr
 
                if n_expr.stype isa MMTypeNone then
                        if n_expr2.stype isa MMTypeNone then
-                               v.warning(self, "Warning: comparaison between 2 null values.")
+                               v.warning(self, "Warning: comparaison between two null values.")
                        else
                                try_to_isa(v, n_expr2)
                        end
@@ -1462,8 +1778,8 @@ redef class AEqExpr
        do
                var variable = n.its_variable
                if variable != null and n.stype isa MMNullableType then
-                       _if_false_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n.stype.as_notnull)
-                       _if_true_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, v.type_none)
+                       _if_false_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n.stype.as_notnull)
+                       _if_true_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, v.type_none)
                end
        end
 end
@@ -1480,7 +1796,7 @@ redef class ANeExpr
 
                if n_expr.stype isa MMTypeNone then
                        if n_expr2.stype isa MMTypeNone then
-                               v.warning(self, "Warning: comparaison between 2 null values.")
+                               v.warning(self, "Warning: comparaison between two null values.")
                        else
                                try_to_isa(v, n_expr2)
                        end
@@ -1493,8 +1809,8 @@ redef class ANeExpr
        do
                var variable = n.its_variable
                if variable != null and n.stype isa MMNullableType then
-                       _if_true_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n.stype.as_notnull)
-                       _if_false_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, v.type_none)
+                       _if_true_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n.stype.as_notnull)
+                       _if_false_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, v.type_none)
                end
        end
 end
@@ -1504,12 +1820,18 @@ end
 redef class ALeExpr
        redef fun name do return once "<=".to_symbol
 end
+redef class ALlExpr
+       redef fun name do return once "<<".to_symbol
+end
 redef class AGtExpr
        redef fun name do return once ">".to_symbol
 end
 redef class AGeExpr
        redef fun name do return once ">=".to_symbol
 end
+redef class AGgExpr
+       redef fun name do return once ">>".to_symbol
+end
 redef class APlusExpr
        redef fun name do return once "+".to_symbol
 end
@@ -1539,14 +1861,14 @@ redef class ACallFormExpr
        do
                if n_expr.is_implicit_self then
                        var name = n_id.to_symbol
-                       var variable = v.variable_ctx[name]
+                       var variable = v.scope_ctx[name]
                        if variable != null then
                                var n: AExpr
                                if variable isa ClosureVariable then
                                        n = new AClosureCallExpr.init_aclosurecallexpr(n_id, n_args, n_closure_defs)
                                        n._variable = variable
                                else
-                                       if not n_args.is_empty then
+                                       if not n_args.n_exprs.is_empty or n_args isa AParExprs then
                                                v.error(self, "Error: {name} is variable, not a function.")
                                                return
                                        end
@@ -1649,7 +1971,7 @@ redef class AClosureCallExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
                var va = variable
-               if va.closure.is_break then v.variable_ctx.unreash = true
+               if va.closure.is_break then v.mark_unreash(self)
                var sig = va.closure.signature
                var s = process_signature(v, sig, n_id.to_symbol, compute_raw_arguments)
                if not n_closure_defs.is_empty then
@@ -1698,35 +2020,36 @@ redef class AClosureDef
 
                _closure = esc.closure
 
-               var old_var_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               var old_base_var_ctx = v.base_variable_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx
-               v.variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub(self)
+               v.scope_ctx.push(self)
+               var old_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
+               var old_base_flow_ctx = v.base_flow_ctx
+               v.base_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx
                variables = new Array[AutoVariable]
                for i in [0..n_ids.length[ do
                        var va = new AutoVariable(n_ids[i].to_symbol, n_ids[i])
                        variables.add(va)
                        va.stype = sig[i]
-                       v.variable_ctx.add(va)
+                       v.scope_ctx.add_variable(va)
                end
 
                _accept_typing2 = true
                accept_typing(v)
 
-               if v.variable_ctx.unreash == false then
+               if v.flow_ctx.unreash == false then
                        if closure.signature.return_type != null then
                                v.error(self, "Control error: Reached end of block (a 'continue' with a value was expected).")
                        else if closure.is_break and esc.break_list != null then
                                v.error(self, "Control error: Reached end of break block (a 'break' with a value was expected).")
                        end
                end
-               v.variable_ctx = old_var_ctx
-               v.base_variable_ctx = old_base_var_ctx
+               v.flow_ctx = old_flow_ctx
+               v.base_flow_ctx = old_base_flow_ctx
+               v.scope_ctx.pop
        end
 end
 
-class ATypeCheckExpr
-special AExpr
+abstract class ATypeCheckExpr
+       super AExpr
        private fun check_expr_cast(v: TypingVisitor, n_expr: AExpr, n_type: AType)
        do
                if not v.check_expr(n_expr) then return
@@ -1736,7 +2059,10 @@ special AExpr
                if etype == ttype then
                        v.warning(self, "Warning: Expression is already a {ttype}.")
                else if etype < ttype then
-                       v.warning(self, "Warning: Expression is already a {ttype} since it is a {etype}.")
+                       if not ttype.has_formal and not etype.has_formal then
+                               # the old metamodel is not that great with formal types
+                               v.warning(self, "Warning: Expression is already a {ttype} since it is a {etype}.")
+                       end
                else if etype isa MMTypeNone then
                        # ttype is not nullable because of prevous test
                        v.warning(self, "Warning: Expression is null therefore cannot be a {ttype}.")
@@ -1757,14 +2083,14 @@ special AExpr
 end
 
 redef class AIsaExpr
-special ATypeCheckExpr
+       super ATypeCheckExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
                check_expr_cast(v, n_expr, n_type)
                if not n_type.is_typed then return
                var variable = n_expr.its_variable
                if variable != null then
-                       _if_true_variable_ctx = v.variable_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n_type.stype)
+                       _if_true_flow_ctx = v.flow_ctx.sub_with(self, variable, n_type.stype)
                end
                _stype = v.type_bool
                _is_typed = true
@@ -1772,7 +2098,7 @@ special ATypeCheckExpr
 end
 
 redef class AAsCastExpr
-special ATypeCheckExpr
+       super ATypeCheckExpr
        redef fun after_typing(v)
        do
                check_expr_cast(v, n_expr, n_type)
@@ -1805,7 +2131,13 @@ redef class AProxyExpr
                _is_typed = true
                if n_expr.is_statement then return
                _stype = n_expr.stype
+               _if_true_flow_ctx = n_expr._if_true_flow_ctx
+               _if_false_flow_ctx = n_expr._if_false_flow_ctx
        end
+
+       redef fun is_self do return n_expr.is_self
+
+       redef fun its_variable do return n_expr.its_variable
 end
 
 redef class AOnceExpr
@@ -1822,3 +2154,15 @@ redef class AOnceExpr
        end
 end
 
+redef class ADebugTypeExpr
+       redef fun after_typing(v)
+       do
+               if not v.check_expr(n_expr) then return
+               if not n_type.is_typed then return
+               var etype = n_expr.stype
+               var ttype = n_type.stype
+               if etype != ttype then
+                       v.warning(self, "Warning: Expression is a {etype}, expected {ttype}.")
+               end
+       end
+end