model: rewrite of MType::is_subtype
[nit.git] / src / separate_compiler.nit
index aa5aebe..eca7be0 100644 (file)
@@ -22,31 +22,25 @@ redef class ToolContext
        # --separate
        var opt_separate: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Use separate compilation", "--separate")
 
+       # --no-inline-intern
+       var opt_no_inline_intern: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Do not inline call to intern methods", "--no-inline-intern")
+
        redef init
        do
                super
                self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_separate)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_inline_intern)
        end
 end
 
 redef class ModelBuilder
-       redef fun run_global_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
-       do
-               # Hijack the run_global_compiler to run the separate one if requested.
-               if self.toolcontext.opt_separate.value then
-                       run_separate_compiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis)
-               else
-                       super
-               end
-       end
-
        fun run_separate_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
        do
                var time0 = get_time
                self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING TO C ***", 1)
 
                var compiler = new SeparateCompiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis, self)
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                compiler.header = v
                v.add_decl("#include <stdlib.h>")
                v.add_decl("#include <stdio.h>")
@@ -56,39 +50,23 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                v.add_decl("typedef void* nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
 
                # Class abstract representation
-               v.add_decl("struct class \{ nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
+               v.add_decl("struct class \{ int box_kind; nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
                # Type abstract representation
-               v.add_decl("struct type \{ int id; int color; struct fts_table *fts_table; int table_size; int type_table[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit type. */")
+               v.add_decl("struct type \{ int id; int color; int livecolor; short int is_nullable; struct vts_table *vts_table; struct fts_table *fts_table; int table_size; int type_table[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit type. */")
                v.add_decl("struct fts_table \{ struct type *fts[1]; \}; /* fts list of a C type representation. */")
+               v.add_decl("struct vts_table \{ struct type *vts[1]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
                # Instance abstract representation
                v.add_decl("typedef struct \{ struct type *type; struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
 
+               compiler.compile_box_kinds
+
                # Declare global instances
                v.add_decl("extern int glob_argc;")
                v.add_decl("extern char **glob_argv;")
                v.add_decl("extern val *glob_sys;")
 
                # The main function of the C
-
-               v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
-               v.add_decl("int glob_argc;")
-               v.add_decl("char **glob_argv;")
-               v.add_decl("val *glob_sys;")
-               v.add_decl("int main(int argc, char** argv) \{")
-               v.add("glob_argc = argc; glob_argv = argv;")
-               var main_type = mainmodule.sys_type
-               if main_type == null then return # Nothing to compile
-               var glob_sys = v.init_instance(main_type)
-               v.add("glob_sys = {glob_sys};")
-               var main_init = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("init", main_type)
-               if main_init != null then
-                       v.send(main_init, [glob_sys])
-               end
-               var main_method = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("main", main_type)
-               if main_method != null then
-                       v.send(main_method, [glob_sys])
-               end
-               v.add("\}")
+               compiler.compile_main_function
 
                # compile class structures
                for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
@@ -124,21 +102,26 @@ end
 class SeparateCompiler
        super GlobalCompiler # TODO better separation of concerns
 
-       private var undead_types: Set[MClassType] = new HashSet[MClassType]
-       protected var typeids: HashMap[MClassType, Int] = new HashMap[MClassType, Int]
+       private var undead_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
+       protected var typeids: HashMap[MType, Int] protected writable = new HashMap[MType, Int]
+
+       private var type_colors: Map[MType, Int] = typeids
+       private var type_tables: nullable Map[MType, Array[nullable MType]] = null
 
-       private var type_colors: Map[MClassType, Int] = typeids
-       private var type_tables: nullable Map[MClassType, Array[nullable MClassType]] = null
+       private var livetypes_colors: nullable Map[MType, Int]
        private var livetypes_tables: nullable Map[MClass, Array[nullable Object]]
        private var livetypes_tables_sizes: nullable Map[MClass, Array[Int]]
 
-       private var class_colors: Map[MClass, Int]
+       protected var class_colors: Map[MClass, Int] protected writable
 
-       private var method_colors: Map[MMethod, Int]
-       private var method_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MMethodDef]]
+       protected var method_colors: Map[MMethod, Int] protected writable
+       protected var method_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MMethodDef]] protected writable
 
-       private var attr_colors: Map[MAttribute, Int]
-       private var attr_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MAttributeDef]]
+       protected var attr_colors: Map[MAttribute, Int] protected writable
+       protected var attr_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MAttributeDef]] protected writable
+
+       private var vt_colors: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int]
+       private var vt_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MVirtualTypeDef]]
 
        private var ft_colors: Map[MParameterType, Int]
        private var ft_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MParameterType]]
@@ -158,16 +141,47 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                self.attr_colors = attribute_coloring.colorize
                self.attr_tables = attribute_coloring.build_property_tables
 
+               # vt coloration
+               var vt_coloring = new VTColoring(class_coloring)
+               self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+               self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+
                # fts coloration
                var ft_coloring = new FTColoring(class_coloring)
                self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
                self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
        end
 
-       private fun compile_class_names do
+       fun compile_box_kinds
+       do
+               # Collect all bas box class
+               # FIXME: this is not completely fine with a separate compilation scheme
+               for classname in ["Int", "Bool", "Char", "Float", "NativeString", "Pointer"] do
+                       var classes = self.mainmodule.model.get_mclasses_by_name(classname)
+                       if classes == null then continue
+                       assert classes.length == 1 else print classes.join(", ")
+                       self.box_kinds[classes.first] = self.box_kinds.length + 1
+               end
+       end
+
+       var box_kinds = new HashMap[MClass, Int]
+
+       fun box_kind_of(mclass: MClass): Int
+       do
+               if mclass.mclass_type.ctype == "val*" then
+                       return 0
+               else if mclass.kind == extern_kind then
+                       return self.box_kinds[self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Pointer")]
+               else
+                       return self.box_kinds[mclass]
+               end
+
+       end
+
+       protected fun compile_class_names do
 
                # Build type names table
-               var type_array = new Array[nullable MClassType]
+               var type_array = new Array[nullable MType]
                for t, i in typeids do
                        if i >= type_array.length then
                                type_array[i] = null
@@ -175,7 +189,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        type_array[i] = t
                end
 
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
+               var v = self.new_visitor
                self.header.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
                v.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
                for t in type_array do
@@ -189,123 +203,59 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        end
 
        # colorize live types of the program
-       private fun do_global_type_coloring: Set[MClassType] do
-               var mtypes = new HashSet[MClassType]
-               #print "undead types:"
-               #for t in self.undead_types do
-               #       print t
-               #end
-               #print "live types:"
-               #for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
-               #       print t
-               #end
-               #print "cast types:"
-               #for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types do
-               #       print t
-               #end
-               #print "--"
+       private fun do_global_type_coloring: Set[MType] do
+               var mtypes = new HashSet[MType]
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types)
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types)
                mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
 
-               # add formal types arguments to mtypes
+               self.undead_types.clear
                for mtype in mtypes do
+                       # add formal types arguments to mtypes
                        if mtype isa MGenericType then
-                               #TODO do it recursive
                                for ft in mtype.arguments do
-                                       if ft isa MNullableType then ft = ft.mtype
-                                       mtypes.add(ft.as(MClassType))
+                                       if ft.need_anchor then
+                                               print("Why do we need anchor here ?")
+                                               abort
+                                       end
+                                       self.undead_types.add(ft)
+                               end
+                       end
+                       var mclass_type: MClassType
+                       if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                               mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+                       else
+                               mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+                       end
+                       # add virtual types to mtypes
+                       for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                               if vt != null then
+                                       var anchored = vt.bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       self.undead_types.add(anchored)
                                end
                        end
                end
+               mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
 
                # set type unique id
                for mtype in mtypes do
                        self.typeids[mtype] = self.typeids.length
                end
 
-               # build livetypes tables
-               self.livetypes_tables = new HashMap[MClass, Array[nullable Object]]
-               self.livetypes_tables_sizes = new HashMap[MClass, Array[Int]]
-               for mtype in mtypes do
-                       if mtype isa MGenericType then
-                               var table: Array[nullable Object]
-                               var sizes: Array[Int]
-                               if livetypes_tables.has_key(mtype.mclass) then
-                                       table = livetypes_tables[mtype.mclass]
-                               else
-                                       table = new Array[nullable Object]
-                                       self.livetypes_tables[mtype.mclass] = table
-                               end
-                               if livetypes_tables_sizes.has_key(mtype.mclass) then
-                                       sizes = livetypes_tables_sizes[mtype.mclass]
-                               else
-                                       sizes = new Array[Int]
-                                       self.livetypes_tables_sizes[mtype.mclass] = sizes
-                               end
-                               build_livetype_table(mtype, 0, table, sizes)
-                       end
-               end
+               # colorize live entries
+               var entries_coloring = new LiveEntryColoring
+               self.livetypes_colors = entries_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
+               self.livetypes_tables = entries_coloring.build_livetype_tables(mtypes)
+               self.livetypes_tables_sizes = entries_coloring.livetypes_tables_sizes
 
-               # colorize
-               var type_coloring = new TypeColoring(self.mainmodule, self.runtime_type_analysis)
+               # colorize types
+               var type_coloring = new TypeColoring(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
                self.type_colors = type_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
                self.type_tables = type_coloring.build_type_tables(mtypes, type_colors)
 
                return mtypes
        end
 
-       # build live gentype table recursively
-       private fun build_livetype_table(mtype: MGenericType, current_rank: Int, table: Array[nullable Object], sizes: Array[Int]) do
-               var ft = mtype.arguments[current_rank]
-               if ft isa MNullableType then ft = ft.mtype
-               var id = self.typeids[ft.as(MClassType)]
-
-               if current_rank >= sizes.length then
-                       sizes[current_rank] = id + 1
-               else if id >= sizes[current_rank] then
-                       sizes[current_rank] = id + 1
-               end
-
-               if id > table.length then
-                       for i in [table.length .. id[ do table[i] = null
-               end
-
-               if current_rank == mtype.arguments.length - 1 then
-                       table[id] = mtype
-               else
-                       var ft_table = new Array[nullable Object]
-                       table[id] = ft_table
-                       build_livetype_table(mtype, current_rank + 1, ft_table, sizes)
-               end
-       end
-
-       private fun add_to_livetypes_table(table: Array[nullable Object], ft: MClassType) do
-               var id = self.typeids[ft]
-               for i in [table.length .. id[ do
-                       table[i] = null
-               end
-               table[id] = ft
-       end
-
-       private fun compile_livetype_table(table: Array[nullable Object], buffer: Buffer, depth: Int, max: Int) do
-               for obj in table do
-                       if obj == null then
-                               if depth == max then
-                                       buffer.append("NULL,\n")
-                               else
-                                       buffer.append("\{\},\n")
-                               end
-                       else if obj isa MClassType then
-                               buffer.append("(struct type*) &type_{obj.c_name}, /* {obj} */\n")
-                       else if obj isa Array[nullable Object] then
-                               buffer.append("\{\n")
-                               compile_livetype_table(obj, buffer, depth + 1, max)
-                               buffer.append("\},\n")
-                       end
-               end
-       end
-
        # declare live generic types tables selection
        private fun compile_live_gentype_to_c(mclass: MClass) do
                if mclass.arity > 0 then
@@ -328,6 +278,24 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                end
        end
 
+       private fun compile_livetype_table(table: Array[nullable Object], buffer: Buffer, depth: Int, max: Int) do
+               for obj in table do
+                       if obj == null then
+                               if depth == max then
+                                       buffer.append("NULL,\n")
+                               else
+                                       buffer.append("\{\},\n")
+                               end
+                       else if obj isa MClassType then
+                               buffer.append("(struct type*) &type_{obj.c_name}, /* {obj} */\n")
+                       else if obj isa Array[nullable Object] then
+                               buffer.append("\{\n")
+                               compile_livetype_table(obj, buffer, depth + 1, max)
+                               buffer.append("\},\n")
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
        # Separately compile all the method definitions of the module
        fun compile_module_to_c(mmodule: MModule)
        do
@@ -346,32 +314,55 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        end
 
        # Globaly compile the type structure of a live type
-       fun compile_type_to_c(mtype: MClassType)
+       fun compile_type_to_c(mtype: MType)
        do
                var c_name = mtype.c_name
                var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
                v.add_decl("/* runtime type {mtype} */")
 
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+
                # extern const struct type_X
                self.header.add_decl("extern const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name};")
                self.header.add_decl("struct type_{c_name} \{")
                self.header.add_decl("int id;")
                self.header.add_decl("int color;")
+               self.header.add_decl("int livecolor;")
+               self.header.add_decl("short int is_nullable;")
+               self.header.add_decl("const struct vts_table_{c_name} *vts_table;")
                self.header.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{c_name} *fts_table;")
                self.header.add_decl("int table_size;")
                self.header.add_decl("int type_table[{self.type_tables[mtype].length}];")
                self.header.add_decl("\};")
 
+               # extern const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct vts_table_{c_name} vts_table_{c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table_{c_name} \{")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *vts[{self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
                # extern const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
                self.header.add_decl("extern const struct fts_table_{c_name} fts_table_{c_name};")
                self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table_{c_name} \{")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct type *fts[{self.ft_tables[mtype.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *fts[{self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
                self.header.add_decl("\};")
 
                # const struct type_X
                v.add_decl("const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name} = \{")
                v.add_decl("{self.typeids[mtype]},")
                v.add_decl("{self.type_colors[mtype]},")
+               v.add_decl("{self.livetypes_colors[mtype]},")
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       v.add_decl("1,")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("0,")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("&vts_table_{c_name},")
                v.add_decl("&fts_table_{c_name},")
                v.add_decl("{self.type_tables[mtype].length},")
                v.add_decl("\{")
@@ -385,31 +376,87 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add_decl("\},")
                v.add_decl("\};")
 
-               # const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
-               v.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{c_name} fts_table_{c_name} = \{")
+               build_fts_table(mtype, v)
+               build_vts_table(mtype, v)
+       end
+
+       # const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
+       private fun build_fts_table(mtype: MType, v: SeparateCompilerVisitor) do
+               v.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
                v.add_decl("\{")
 
-               for ft in self.ft_tables[mtype.mclass] do
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+
+               for ft in self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
                        if ft == null then
                                v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
                        else
-                               var id = -1
                                var ntype: MType
-                               if ft.mclass == mtype.mclass then
-                                       ntype = mtype.arguments[ft.rank]
+                               if ft.mclass == mclass_type.mclass then
+                                       ntype = mclass_type.arguments[ft.rank]
                                else
-                                       ntype = ft.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mtype)
+                                       ntype = ft.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
                                end
-                               if ntype isa MNullableType then ntype = ntype.mtype
-                               var ftype = ntype.as(MClassType)
-                               if self.typeids.has_key(ftype) then
-                                       v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{ftype.c_name}, /* {ft} ({ftype}) */")
+                               if self.typeids.has_key(ntype) then
+                                       v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{ntype.c_name}, /* {ft} ({ntype}) */")
                                else
                                        v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty ({ft} not a live type) */")
                                end
                        end
                end
+               v.add_decl("\},")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+       end
+
+       # const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+       private fun build_vts_table(mtype: MType, v: SeparateCompilerVisitor) do
+               v.add_decl("const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
 
+               for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                       if vt == null then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               var bound = vt.bound
+                               if bound == null then
+                                       #FIXME how can a bound be null here ?
+                                       print "No bound found for virtual type {vt} ?"
+                                       abort
+                               else
+                                       var ntype = bound
+                                       if ntype isa MNullableType then ntype = ntype.mtype
+                                       if ntype isa MVirtualType then
+                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if ntype isa MParameterType then
+                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if ntype isa MGenericType and bound.need_anchor then
+                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if ntype isa MClassType then
+                                       else
+                                               print "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: mtype_to_livetype with type: {ntype}"
+                                               abort
+                                       end
+
+                                       if self.typeids.has_key(bound) then
+                                               v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{bound.c_name}, /* {ntype} */")
+                                       else
+                                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* dead type {ntype} */")
+                                       end
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
                v.add_decl("\},")
                v.add_decl("\};")
        end
@@ -433,30 +480,14 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                #self.header.add_decl("#define {idname} {idnum} /* {c_name} */")
 
                self.header.add_decl("struct class_{c_name} \{")
+               self.header.add_decl("int box_kind;")
                self.header.add_decl("nitmethod_t vft[{vft.length}];")
-
-               if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       # Is the Nit type is native then the struct is a box with two fields:
-                       # * the `vft` to be polymorph
-                       # * the `value` that contains the native value.
-                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
-               end
-
-               # Collect all attributes and associate them a field in the structure.
-               # Note: we do not try to optimize the order and helps CC to optimize the client code.
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule) do
-                       for p in cd.intro_mproperties do
-                               if not p isa MAttribute then continue
-                               var t = p.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
-                               t = t.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mtype)
-                               self.header.add_decl("{t.ctype} {p.intro.c_name}; /* {p}: {t} */")
-                       end
-               end
                self.header.add_decl("\};")
 
                # Build class vft
                self.header.add_decl("extern const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name};")
                v.add_decl("const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name} = \{")
+               v.add_decl("{self.box_kind_of(mclass)}, /* box_kind */")
                v.add_decl("\{")
                for i in [0 .. vft.length[ do
                        var mpropdef = vft[i]
@@ -481,11 +512,13 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
                        self.header.add_decl("\};")
 
-                       self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype}, struct type*);")
+                       if not self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype) then return
+
+                       self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
                        v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value, struct type* type) \{")
+                       v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
                        v.add("struct instance_{c_name}*res = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
-                       v.add("res->type = type;")
+                       v.add("res->type = (struct type*) &type_{c_name};")
                        v.add("res->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
                        v.add("res->value = value;")
                        v.add("return (val*)res;")
@@ -530,18 +563,28 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add("{res}->type = type;")
                v.add("{res}->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
 
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
-               do
-                       var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
-                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
-                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       npropdef.init_expr(v, res)
-                               end
-                       end
-               end
+               self.generate_init_attr(v, res, mtype)
                v.add("return {res};")
                v.add("\}")
+
+               generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       end
+
+       redef fun generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               var c_name = mtype.mclass.c_name
+               var res = new RuntimeVariable("self", mtype, mtype)
+               self.header.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+               v.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype} {res}) \{")
+               self.generate_check_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("\}")
        end
+
+       redef fun new_visitor do return new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
 end
 
 # The C function associated to a methoddef separately compiled
@@ -560,17 +603,18 @@ class SeparateRuntimeFunction
                var mmethoddef = self.mmethoddef
 
                var recv = self.mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                var selfvar = new RuntimeVariable("self", recv, recv)
                var arguments = new Array[RuntimeVariable]
                var frame = new Frame(v, mmethoddef, recv, arguments)
                v.frame = frame
 
+               var msignature = mmethoddef.msignature.resolve_for(mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
                var sig = new Buffer
                var comment = new Buffer
-               var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
+               var ret = msignature.return_mtype
                if ret != null then
-                       ret = v.resolve_for(ret, selfvar)
                        sig.append("{ret.ctype} ")
                else if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
                        ret = recv
@@ -582,12 +626,11 @@ class SeparateRuntimeFunction
                sig.append("({selfvar.mtype.ctype} {selfvar}")
                comment.append("(self: {selfvar}")
                arguments.add(selfvar)
-               for i in [0..mmethoddef.msignature.arity[ do
-                       var mtype = mmethoddef.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-                       if i == mmethoddef.msignature.vararg_rank then
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var mtype = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
                                mtype = v.get_class("Array").get_mtype([mtype])
                        end
-                       mtype = v.resolve_for(mtype, selfvar)
                        comment.append(", {mtype}")
                        sig.append(", {mtype.ctype} p{i}")
                        var argvar = new RuntimeVariable("p{i}", mtype, mtype)
@@ -637,7 +680,7 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
                var mmethoddef = self.mmethoddef
 
                var recv = self.mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                var selfvar = new RuntimeVariable("self", v.object_type, recv)
                var arguments = new Array[RuntimeVariable]
                var frame = new Frame(v, mmethoddef, recv, arguments)
@@ -711,16 +754,16 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun adapt_signature(m: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])
        do
+               var msignature = m.msignature.resolve_for(m.mclassdef.bound_mtype, m.mclassdef.bound_mtype, m.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
                var recv = args.first
                if recv.mtype.ctype != m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type.ctype then
                        args.first = self.autobox(args.first, m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type)
                end
-               for i in [0..m.msignature.arity[ do
-                       var t = m.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-                       if i == m.msignature.vararg_rank then
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var t = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
                                t = args[i+1].mtype
                        end
-                       t = self.resolve_for(t, recv)
                        args[i+1] = self.autobox(args[i+1], t)
                end
        end
@@ -729,7 +772,9 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
        # ENSURE: result.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype
        redef fun autobox(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable
        do
-               if value.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype then
+               if value.mtype == mtype then
+                       return value
+               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" and mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return value
                else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
@@ -741,9 +786,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                                self.add("printf(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); exit(1);")
                                return res
                        end
-                       var totype = value.mtype
-                       if totype isa MNullableType then totype = totype.mtype
-                       self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}, (struct type*) &type_{totype.c_name}); /* autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */")
+                       self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */")
                        return res
                else
                        # Bad things will appen!
@@ -756,9 +799,8 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun send(mmethod, arguments)
        do
-               if arguments.first.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       assert arguments.first.mtype == arguments.first.mcasttype
-                       return self.monomorphic_send(mmethod, arguments.first.mtype, arguments)
+               if arguments.first.mcasttype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       return self.monomorphic_send(mmethod, arguments.first.mcasttype, arguments)
                end
 
                var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
@@ -770,7 +812,6 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                else if ret == null then
                        res = null
                else
-                       ret = self.resolve_for(ret, arguments.first)
                        res = self.new_var(ret)
                end
 
@@ -792,7 +833,8 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        ss.append(", {a}")
                end
 
-               var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType
+               var consider_null = not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value or mmethod.name == "==" or mmethod.name == "!="
+               var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType and consider_null
                if maybenull then
                        self.add("if ({recv} == NULL) \{")
                        if mmethod.name == "==" then
@@ -849,10 +891,26 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                else if ret == null then
                        res = null
                else
-                       ret = self.resolve_for(ret, arguments.first)
+                       ret = ret.resolve_for(mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
                        res = self.new_var(ret)
                end
 
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef.has_key(mmethoddef) and
+               self.compiler.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef[mmethoddef] isa AInternMethPropdef and
+               not compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_inline_intern.value then
+                       var frame = new Frame(self, mmethoddef, recvtype, arguments)
+                       frame.returnlabel = self.get_name("RET_LABEL")
+                       frame.returnvar = res
+                       var old_frame = self.frame
+                       self.frame = frame
+                       self.add("\{ /* Inline {mmethoddef} ({arguments.join(",")}) */")
+                       mmethoddef.compile_inside_to_c(self, arguments)
+                       self.add("{frame.returnlabel.as(not null)}:(void)0;")
+                       self.add("\}")
+                       self.frame = old_frame
+                       return res
+               end
+
                # Autobox arguments
                self.adapt_signature(mmethoddef, arguments)
 
@@ -868,7 +926,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun isset_attribute(a, recv)
        do
-               # FIXME: Here we inconditionally return boxed primitive attributes
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
                var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
                self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}] != NULL; /* {a} on {recv.inspect}*/")
                return res
@@ -876,27 +934,90 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun read_attribute(a, recv)
        do
-               # FIXME: Here we inconditionally return boxed primitive attributes
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
+
+               # What is the declared type of the attribute?
                var ret = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
-               ret = self.resolve_for(ret, recv)
+               var intromclassdef = a.intro.mclassdef
+               ret = ret.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
+               # Get the attribute or a box (ie. always a val*)
                var cret = self.object_type.as_nullable
                var res = self.new_var(cret)
                res.mcasttype = ret
                self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}]; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
-               if not ret isa MNullableType then
+
+               # Check for Uninitialized attribute
+               if not ret isa MNullableType and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then
                        self.add("if ({res} == NULL) \{")
                        self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
                        self.add("\}")
                end
 
-               return res
+               # Return the attribute or its unboxed version
+               # Note: it is mandatory since we reuse the box on write, we do not whant that the box escapes
+               return self.autobox(res, ret)
        end
 
        redef fun write_attribute(a, recv, value)
        do
-               # FIXME: Here we inconditionally box primitive attributes
-               value = self.autobox(value, self.object_type.as_nullable)
-               self.add("{recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}] = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
+
+               # What is the declared type of the attribute?
+               var mtype = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
+               var intromclassdef = a.intro.mclassdef
+               mtype = mtype.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
+               # Adapt the value to the declared type
+               value = self.autobox(value, mtype)
+               var attr = "{recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}]"
+               if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       assert mtype isa MClassType
+                       # The attribute is primitive, thus we store it in a box
+                       # The trick is to create the box the first time then resuse the box
+                       self.add("if ({attr} != NULL) \{")
+                       self.add("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){attr})->value = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       self.add("\} else \{")
+                       value = self.autobox(value, self.object_type.as_nullable)
+                       self.add("{attr} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       self.add("\}")
+               else
+                       # The attribute is not primitive, thus store it direclty
+                       self.add("{attr} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Build livetype structure retrieving
+       #ENSURE: mtype.need_anchor
+       fun retrieve_anchored_livetype(mtype: MGenericType, buffer: Buffer) do
+               assert mtype.need_anchor
+
+               var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
+               for ft in mtype.arguments do
+
+                       var ntype = ft
+                       var s: String = ""
+                       if ntype isa MNullableType then
+                               ntype = ntype.mtype
+                       end
+
+                       if ntype isa MParameterType then
+                               var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ntype]
+                               buffer.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->livecolor]")
+                       else if ntype isa MVirtualType then
+                               var vtcolor = compiler.vt_colors[ntype.mproperty.as(MVirtualTypeProp)]
+                               buffer.append("[self->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->livecolor]")
+                       else if ntype isa MGenericType and ntype.need_anchor then
+                               var bbuff = new Buffer
+                               retrieve_anchored_livetype(ntype, bbuff)
+                               buffer.append("[livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{bbuff.to_s}->livecolor]")
+                       else if ntype isa MClassType then
+                               compiler.undead_types.add(ft)
+                               buffer.append("[type_{ft.c_name}.livecolor]")
+                       else
+                               self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: init_instance(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{ft}\"); exit(1);")
+                       end
+               end
        end
 
        redef fun init_instance(mtype)
@@ -904,21 +1025,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
                if mtype isa MGenericType and mtype.need_anchor then
                        var buff = new Buffer
-                       var rank = 0
-                       for ft in mtype.arguments do
-                               if ft isa MParameterType then
-                                       var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ft]
-                                       buff.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id]")
-                               else if ft isa MGenericType and ft.need_anchor then
-                                       var ft_decl = mtype.mclass.mclass_type.arguments[rank]
-                                       var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ft_decl.as(MParameterType)]
-                                       buff.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id]")
-                               else
-                                       var typecolor = compiler.type_colors[ft.as(MClassType)]
-                                       buff.append("[{typecolor}]")
-                               end
-                               rank += 1
-                       end
+                       retrieve_anchored_livetype(mtype, buff)
                        mtype = self.anchor(mtype).as(MClassType)
                        return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) livetypes_{mtype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s})", mtype)
                end
@@ -926,48 +1033,75 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) &type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
        end
 
+       redef fun check_init_instance(value, mtype)
+       do
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+               self.add("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({value});")
+       end
+
+
        redef fun type_test(value, mtype)
        do
                var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
+
+               var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
+               var recv_boxed = self.autobox(recv, self.object_type)
+
                var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
 
                var cltype = self.get_name("cltype")
-               self.add_decl("short int {cltype};")
+               self.add_decl("int {cltype};")
                var idtype = self.get_name("idtype")
-               self.add_decl("short int {idtype};")
+               self.add_decl("int {idtype};")
 
-               var buff = new Buffer
+               var is_nullable = self.get_name("is_nullable")
+               self.add_decl("short int {is_nullable};")
 
-               var s: String
-               if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                       mtype = mtype.mtype
-                       s = "{value} == NULL ||"
-               else
-                       s = "{value} != NULL &&"
+               var boxed = self.autobox(value, self.object_type)
+
+               var ntype = mtype
+               if ntype isa MNullableType then
+                       ntype = ntype.mtype
                end
-               if mtype isa MGenericType and mtype.need_anchor then
-                       for ft in mtype.mclass.mclass_type.arguments do
-                               var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ft.as(MParameterType)]
-                               buff.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id]")
-                       end
-                       self.add("{cltype} = livetypes_{mtype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = livetypes_{mtype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->id;")
-               else if mtype isa MClassType then
+
+               if ntype isa MParameterType then
+                       var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ntype]
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->is_nullable;")
+               else if ntype isa MGenericType and ntype.need_anchor then
+                       var buff = new Buffer
+                       retrieve_anchored_livetype(ntype, buff)
+                       self.add("{cltype} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->is_nullable;")
+               else if ntype isa MClassType then
                        compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
                        self.add("{cltype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.color;")
                        self.add("{idtype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.id;")
-               else if mtype isa MParameterType then
-                       var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[mtype]
-                       self.add("{cltype} = self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = type_{mtype.c_name}.is_nullable;")
+               else if ntype isa MVirtualType then
+                       var vtcolor = compiler.vt_colors[ntype.mproperty.as(MVirtualTypeProp)]
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->is_nullable;")
                else
-                       self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{value.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
+                       self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{boxed.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
+               end
+
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = 1;")
                end
 
-               self.add("if({value} != NULL && {cltype} >= {value}->type->table_size) \{")
+               # check color is in table
+               self.add("if({boxed} == NULL) \{")
+               self.add("{res} = {is_nullable};")
+               self.add("\} else \{")
+               self.add("if({cltype} >= {boxed}->type->table_size) \{")
                self.add("{res} = 0;")
                self.add("\} else \{")
-               self.add("{res} = {s} {value}->type->type_table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
+               self.add("{res} = {boxed}->type->type_table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
+               self.add("\}")
                self.add("\}")
 
                return res
@@ -983,7 +1117,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        value2 = tmp
                end
                if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
                                self.add("{res} = 1; /* is_same_type_test: compatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype} */")
                        else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                                self.add("{res} = 0; /* is_same_type_test: incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
@@ -997,10 +1131,11 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                return res
        end
 
-       redef fun class_name_string(value1)
+       redef fun class_name_string(value)
        do
                var res = self.get_name("var_class_name")
-               self.add_decl("const char* {res} = class_names[self->type->id];")
+               self.add_decl("const char *{res};")
+               self.add("{res} = class_names[{value}->type->id];")
                return res
        end
 
@@ -1013,7 +1148,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        value2 = tmp
                end
                if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
                                self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
                        else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                                self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
@@ -1024,23 +1159,90 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                                self.add("{res} = ({self.autobox(value2, value1.mtype)} == {value1});")
                                self.add("\}")
                        end
+                       return res
+               end
+               var maybe_null = true
+               var test = new Array[String]
+               var t1 = value1.mcasttype
+               if t1 isa MNullableType then
+                       test.add("{value1} != NULL")
+                       t1 = t1.mtype
                else
-                       var s = new Array[String]
-                       # This is just ugly on so many level. this works but must be rewriten
-                       for t in self.compiler.live_primitive_types do
-                               if not t.is_subtype(self.compiler.mainmodule, null, value1.mcasttype) then continue
-                               if not t.is_subtype(self.compiler.mainmodule, null, value2.mcasttype) then continue
-                               s.add "({value1}->class == (struct class*)&class_{t.c_name} && ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value2})->value)"
+                       maybe_null = false
+               end
+               var t2 = value2.mcasttype
+               if t2 isa MNullableType then
+                       test.add("{value2} != NULL")
+                       t2 = t2.mtype
+               else
+                       maybe_null = false
+               end
+
+               var incompatible = false
+               var primitive
+               if t1.ctype != "val*" then
+                       primitive = t1
+                       if t1 == t2 then
+                               # No need to compare class
+                       else if t2.ctype != "val*" then
+                               incompatible = true
+                       else if can_be_primitive(value2) then
+                               test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
+                       else
+                               incompatible = true
                        end
-                       if s.is_empty then
-                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
+               else if t2.ctype != "val*" then
+                       primitive = t2
+                       if can_be_primitive(value1) then
+                               test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
                        else
-                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2} || ({value1} != NULL && {value2} != NULL && {value1}->class == {value2}->class && ({s.join(" || ")}));")
+                               incompatible = true
                        end
+               else
+                       primitive = null
                end
+
+               if incompatible then
+                       if maybe_null then
+                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2}; /* incompatible types {t1} vs. {t2}; but may be NULL*/")
+                               return res
+                       else
+                               self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {t1} vs. {t2}; cannot be NULL */")
+                               return res
+                       end
+               end
+               if primitive != null then
+                       test.add("((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value2})->value")
+               else if can_be_primitive(value1) and can_be_primitive(value2) then
+                       test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
+                       var s = new Array[String]
+                       for t, v in self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).box_kinds do
+                               s.add "({value1}->class->box_kind == {v} && ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value2})->value)"
+                       end
+                       test.add("({s.join(" || ")})")
+               else
+                       self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
+                       return res
+               end
+               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2} || ({test.join(" && ")});")
                return res
        end
 
+       fun can_be_primitive(value: RuntimeVariable): Bool
+       do
+               var t = value.mcasttype
+               if t isa MNullableType then t = t.mtype
+               if not t isa MClassType then return false
+               var k = t.mclass.kind
+               return k == interface_kind or t.ctype != "val*"
+       end
+
+       fun maybe_null(value: RuntimeVariable): Bool
+       do
+               var t = value.mcasttype
+               return t isa MNullableType or t isa MNullType
+       end
+
        redef fun array_instance(array, elttype)
        do
                var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
@@ -1059,7 +1261,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                end
                var length = self.int_instance(array.length)
                self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arraytype), [res, nat, length])
-               self.check_init_instance(res)
+               self.check_init_instance(res, arraytype)
                self.add("\}")
                return res
        end
@@ -1084,10 +1286,13 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun calloc_array(ret_type, arguments)
        do
-               var ret = ret_type.as(MClassType)
+               var ret = ret_type.as(MGenericType)
                var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
                compiler.undead_types.add(ret)
-               self.ret(self.new_expr("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]}, (struct type*) &type_{ret_type.c_name})", ret_type))
+               var mclass = self.get_class("ArrayCapable")
+               var ft = mclass.mclass_type.arguments.first.as(MParameterType)
+               var color = compiler.ft_colors[ft]
+               self.ret(self.new_expr("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]}, (struct type*) livetypes_array__NativeArray[self->type->fts_table->fts[{color}]->livecolor])", ret_type))
        end
 end