nitg-s: retrieve recursively all partial generic types
[nit.git] / src / separate_compiler.nit
index c375351..55570b1 100644 (file)
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@ module separate_compiler
 
 
 import global_compiler # TODO better separation of concerns
-intrude import coloring
+import coloring
+
 redef class ToolContext
        # --separate
        var opt_separate: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Use separate compilation", "--separate")
@@ -25,11 +26,27 @@ redef class ToolContext
        # --no-inline-intern
        var opt_no_inline_intern: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Do not inline call to intern methods", "--no-inline-intern")
 
+       # --inline-coloring-numbers
+       var opt_inline_coloring_numbers: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Inline colors and ids", "--inline-coloring-numbers")
+
+       # --use-naive-coloring
+       var opt_bm_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Colorize items incrementaly, used to simulate binary matrix typing", "--bm-typing")
+
+       # --use-mod-perfect-hashing
+       var opt_phmod_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Replace coloration by perfect hashing (with mod operator)", "--phmod-typing")
+
+       # --use-and-perfect-hashing
+       var opt_phand_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Replace coloration by perfect hashing (with and operator)", "--phand-typing")
+
        redef init
        do
                super
                self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_separate)
                self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_inline_intern)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_inline_coloring_numbers)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_bm_typing)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_phmod_typing)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_phand_typing)
        end
 end
 
@@ -40,33 +57,6 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING TO C ***", 1)
 
                var compiler = new SeparateCompiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis, self)
-               var v = compiler.new_visitor
-               compiler.header = v
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdlib.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdio.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <string.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <gc/gc.h>")
-               v.add_decl("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
-               v.add_decl("typedef void* nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
-
-               # Class abstract representation
-               v.add_decl("struct class \{ int box_kind; nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
-               # Type abstract representation
-               v.add_decl("struct type \{ int id; int color; int livecolor; short int is_nullable; struct vts_table *vts_table; struct fts_table *fts_table; int table_size; int type_table[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit type. */")
-               v.add_decl("struct fts_table \{ struct type *fts[1]; \}; /* fts list of a C type representation. */")
-               v.add_decl("struct vts_table \{ struct type *vts[1]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
-               # Instance abstract representation
-               v.add_decl("typedef struct \{ struct type *type; struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
-
-               compiler.compile_box_kinds
-
-               # Declare global instances
-               v.add_decl("extern int glob_argc;")
-               v.add_decl("extern char **glob_argv;")
-               v.add_decl("extern val *glob_sys;")
-
-               # The main function of the C
-               compiler.compile_main_function
 
                # compile class structures
                for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
@@ -75,13 +65,16 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                        end
                end
 
+               # The main function of the C
+               compiler.compile_main_function
+
                # compile methods
                for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
                        compiler.compile_module_to_c(m)
                end
 
                # compile live & cast type structures
-               var mtypes = compiler.do_global_type_coloring
+               var mtypes = compiler.do_type_coloring
                for t in mtypes do
                        compiler.compile_type_to_c(t)
                end
@@ -91,9 +84,6 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                        compiler.compile_live_gentype_to_c(mclass)
                end
 
-               # for the class_name and output_class_name methods
-               compiler.compile_class_names
-
                write_and_make(compiler)
        end
 end
@@ -103,6 +93,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        super GlobalCompiler # TODO better separation of concerns
 
        private var undead_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
+       private var partial_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
        protected var typeids: HashMap[MType, Int] protected writable = new HashMap[MType, Int]
 
        private var type_colors: Map[MType, Int] = typeids
@@ -112,44 +103,68 @@ class SeparateCompiler
        private var livetypes_tables: nullable Map[MClass, Array[nullable Object]]
        private var livetypes_tables_sizes: nullable Map[MClass, Array[Int]]
 
-       protected var class_colors: Map[MClass, Int] protected writable
+       protected var class_coloring: ClassColoring
 
-       protected var method_colors: Map[MMethod, Int] protected writable
-       protected var method_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MMethodDef]] protected writable
+       protected var method_colors: Map[MMethod, Int]
+       protected var method_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MMethodDef]]
 
-       protected var attr_colors: Map[MAttribute, Int] protected writable
-       protected var attr_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MAttributeDef]] protected writable
+       protected var attr_colors: Map[MAttribute, Int]
+       protected var attr_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MAttributeDef]]
 
-       private var vt_colors: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int]
-       private var vt_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MVirtualTypeDef]]
+       protected var vt_colors: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int]
+       protected var vt_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MVirtualTypeDef]]
+       protected var vt_masks: nullable Map[MClass, Int]
 
-       private var ft_colors: Map[MParameterType, Int]
-       private var ft_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MParameterType]]
+       private var ft_colors: nullable Map[MParameterType, Int]
+       private var ft_tables: nullable Map[MClass, Array[nullable MParameterType]]
+       private var ft_masks: nullable Map[MClass, Int]
 
        init(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis, mmbuilder: ModelBuilder) do
-               # classes coloration
-               var class_coloring = new ClassColoring(mainmodule)
-               self.class_colors = class_coloring.colorize(mmbuilder.model.mclasses)
+               self.do_property_coloring
+               self.compile_box_kinds
+       end
 
-               # methods coloration
-               var method_coloring = new MethodColoring(class_coloring)
-               self.method_colors = method_coloring.colorize
-               self.method_tables = method_coloring.build_property_tables
+       redef fun compile_header_structs do
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef void* nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct class \{ int box_kind; nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type \{ int id; int color; int livecolor; short int is_nullable; struct vts_table *vts_table; struct fts_table *fts_table; int table_size; int type_table[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit type. */")
 
-               # attributes coloration
-               var attribute_coloring = new AttributeColoring(class_coloring)
-               self.attr_colors = attribute_coloring.colorize
-               self.attr_tables = attribute_coloring.build_property_tables
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table \{ int mask; struct type *fts[1]; \}; /* fts list of a C type representation. */")
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table \{ int mask; struct type *vts[1]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
+               else
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table \{ struct type *fts[1]; \}; /* fts list of a C type representation. */")
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table \{ struct type *vts[1]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
+               end
 
-               # vt coloration
-               var vt_coloring = new VTColoring(class_coloring)
-               self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
-               self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
-
-               # fts coloration
-               var ft_coloring = new FTColoring(class_coloring)
-               self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
-               self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
+
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef struct \{ struct type *type; struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
+       end
+
+       redef fun compile_class_names do
+               # Build type names table
+               var type_array = new Array[nullable MType]
+               for t, id in typeids do
+                       if id >= type_array.length then
+                               for i in [type_array.length..id[ do
+                                       type_array[i] = null
+                               end
+                       end
+                       type_array[id] = t
+               end
+
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
+               v.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
+               for t in type_array do
+                       if t == null then
+                               v.add("NULL,")
+                       else
+                               v.add("\"{t}\",")
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add("\};")
        end
 
        fun compile_box_kinds
@@ -178,84 +193,197 @@ class SeparateCompiler
 
        end
 
-       protected fun compile_class_names do
-
-               # Build type names table
-               var type_array = new Array[nullable MType]
-               for t, i in typeids do
-                       if i >= type_array.length then
-                               type_array[i] = null
+       fun compile_color_consts(colors: Map[Object, Int]) do
+               for m, c in colors do
+                       if m isa MProperty then
+                               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_inline_coloring_numbers.value then
+                                       self.header.add_decl("#define {m.const_color} {c}")
+                               else
+                                       self.header.add_decl("extern const int {m.const_color};")
+                                       self.header.add("const int {m.const_color} = {c};")
+                               end
+                       else if m isa MType then
+                               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_inline_coloring_numbers.value then
+                                       self.header.add_decl("#define {m.const_color} {c}")
+                               else
+                                       self.header.add_decl("extern const int {m.const_color};")
+                                       self.header.add("const int {m.const_color} = {c};")
+                               end
                        end
-                       type_array[i] = t
                end
+       end
 
-               var v = self.new_visitor
-               self.header.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
-               v.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
-               for t in type_array do
-                       if t == null then
-                               v.add("NULL,")
-                       else
-                               v.add("\"{t}\",")
-                       end
+       # colorize classe properties
+       fun do_property_coloring do
+
+               # classes coloration
+               self.class_coloring = new ClassColoring(mainmodule)
+               class_coloring.colorize(modelbuilder.model.mclasses)
+
+               # methods coloration
+               var method_coloring = new MethodColoring(self.class_coloring)
+               self.method_colors = method_coloring.colorize
+               self.method_tables = method_coloring.build_property_tables
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.method_colors)
+
+               # attributes coloration
+               var attribute_coloring = new AttributeColoring(self.class_coloring)
+               self.attr_colors = attribute_coloring.colorize
+               self.attr_tables = attribute_coloring.build_property_tables
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.attr_colors)
+
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       self.class_coloring = new NaiveClassColoring(mainmodule)
+                       self.class_coloring.colorize(modelbuilder.model.mclasses)
                end
-               v.add("\};")
+
+               # vt coloration
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new NaiveVTColoring(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTModPerfectHashing(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_masks = vt_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTAndPerfectHashing(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_masks = vt_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTColoring(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               end
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.vt_colors)
        end
 
        # colorize live types of the program
-       private fun do_global_type_coloring: Set[MType] do
+       private fun do_type_coloring: Set[MType] do
                var mtypes = new HashSet[MType]
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types)
                mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types)
                mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
 
-               self.undead_types.clear
                for mtype in mtypes do
-                       # add formal types arguments to mtypes
-                       if mtype isa MGenericType then
-                               for ft in mtype.arguments do
-                                       if ft.need_anchor then
-                                               print("Why do we need anchor here ?")
-                                               abort
-                                       end
-                                       self.undead_types.add(ft)
-                               end
-                       end
-                       var mclass_type: MClassType
-                       if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                               mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
-                       else
-                               mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+                       retieve_live_partial_types(mtype)
+               end
+               mtypes.add_all(self.partial_types)
+
+               # set type unique id
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var sorted_mtypes = new OrderedSet[MType].from(mtypes)
+                       sorted_mtypes.linearize(new ReverseTypeSorter(self.mainmodule))
+                       for mtype in sorted_mtypes do
+                               self.typeids[mtype] = self.typeids.length + 1
                        end
-                       # add virtual types to mtypes
-                       for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
-                               if vt != null then
-                                       var anchored = vt.bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
-                                       self.undead_types.add(anchored)
-                               end
+               else
+                       for mtype in mtypes do
+                               self.typeids[mtype] = self.typeids.length
                        end
                end
-               mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
 
-               # set type unique id
-               for mtype in mtypes do
-                       self.typeids[mtype] = self.typeids.length
+               # fts coloration for non-erased compilation
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       var ft_coloring = new NaiveFTColoring(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
+                       self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       var ft_coloring = new FTModPerfectHashing(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
+                       self.ft_masks = ft_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var ft_coloring = new FTAndPerfectHashing(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
+                       self.ft_masks = ft_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
+               else
+                       var ft_coloring = new FTColoring(self.class_coloring)
+                       self.ft_colors = ft_coloring.colorize
+                       self.ft_tables = ft_coloring.build_ft_tables
                end
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.ft_colors.as(not null))
 
                # colorize live entries
-               var entries_coloring = new LiveEntryColoring
+               var entries_coloring
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       entries_coloring = new NaiveLiveEntryColoring
+               else
+                       entries_coloring = new LiveEntryColoring
+               end
                self.livetypes_colors = entries_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
                self.livetypes_tables = entries_coloring.build_livetype_tables(mtypes)
                self.livetypes_tables_sizes = entries_coloring.livetypes_tables_sizes
 
                # colorize types
-               var type_coloring = new TypeColoring(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
-               self.type_colors = type_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
-               self.type_tables = type_coloring.build_type_tables(mtypes, type_colors)
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       var type_coloring = new NaiveTypeColoring(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
+                       self.type_colors = type_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
+                       self.type_tables = type_coloring.build_type_tables(mtypes, type_colors)
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       var type_coloring = new TypeModPerfectHashing(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
+                       self.type_colors = type_coloring.compute_masks(mtypes, typeids)
+                       self.type_tables = type_coloring.hash_type_tables(mtypes, typeids, type_colors)
+
+                       self.header.add_decl("int HASH(int, int);")
+                       var v = new_visitor
+                       v.add_decl("int HASH(int mask, int id) \{")
+                       v.add_decl("return mask % id;")
+                       v.add_decl("\}")
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var type_coloring = new TypeAndPerfectHashing(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
+                       self.type_colors = type_coloring.compute_masks(mtypes, typeids)
+                       self.type_tables = type_coloring.hash_type_tables(mtypes, typeids, type_colors)
+
+                       self.header.add_decl("int HASH(int, int);")
+                       var v = new_visitor
+                       v.add_decl("int HASH(int mask, int id) \{")
+                       v.add_decl("return mask & id;")
+                       v.add_decl("\}")
+               else
+                       var type_coloring = new TypeColoring(self.mainmodule, mtypes)
+                       self.type_colors = type_coloring.colorize(mtypes)
+                       self.type_tables = type_coloring.build_type_tables(mtypes, type_colors)
+               end
+
+
+               # for the class_name and output_class_name methods
+               self.compile_class_names
 
                return mtypes
        end
 
+       fun retieve_live_partial_types(mtype: MType) do
+               # add formal types arguments to mtypes
+               if mtype isa MGenericType then
+                       for ft in mtype.arguments do
+                               if ft.need_anchor then
+                                       print("Why do we need anchor here ?")
+                                       abort
+                               end
+                               self.partial_types.add(ft)
+                               retieve_live_partial_types(ft)
+                       end
+               end
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+
+               # add virtual types to mtypes
+               for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                       if vt != null then
+                               var anchored = vt.bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                               self.partial_types.add(anchored)
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
        # declare live generic types tables selection
        private fun compile_live_gentype_to_c(mclass: MClass) do
                if mclass.arity > 0 then
@@ -320,13 +448,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
                v.add_decl("/* runtime type {mtype} */")
 
-               var mclass_type: MClassType
-               if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
-               else
-                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
-               end
-
                # extern const struct type_X
                self.header.add_decl("extern const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name};")
                self.header.add_decl("struct type_{c_name} \{")
@@ -340,18 +461,6 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                self.header.add_decl("int type_table[{self.type_tables[mtype].length}];")
                self.header.add_decl("\};")
 
-               # extern const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
-               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct vts_table_{c_name} vts_table_{c_name};")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table_{c_name} \{")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct type *vts[{self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
-               self.header.add_decl("\};")
-
-               # extern const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
-               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct fts_table_{c_name} fts_table_{c_name};")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table_{c_name} \{")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct type *fts[{self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
-               self.header.add_decl("\};")
-
                # const struct type_X
                v.add_decl("const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name} = \{")
                v.add_decl("{self.typeids[mtype]},")
@@ -376,14 +485,11 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add_decl("\},")
                v.add_decl("\};")
 
-               build_fts_table(mtype, v)
-               build_vts_table(mtype, v)
+               compile_type_fts_table(mtype)
+               compile_type_vts_table(mtype)
        end
 
-       # const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
-       private fun build_fts_table(mtype: MType, v: SeparateCompilerVisitor) do
-               v.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
+       protected fun compile_type_fts_table(mtype: MType) do
 
                var mclass_type: MClassType
                if mtype isa MNullableType then
@@ -392,6 +498,22 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
                end
 
+               # extern const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("int mask;")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *fts[{self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct fts_table_X fts_table_X
+               var v = new_visitor
+               v.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       v.add_decl("{self.ft_masks[mclass_type.mclass]},")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\{")
                for ft in self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
                        if ft == null then
                                v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
@@ -413,10 +535,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add_decl("\};")
        end
 
-       # const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
-       private fun build_vts_table(mtype: MType, v: SeparateCompilerVisitor) do
-               v.add_decl("const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
+       protected fun compile_type_vts_table(mtype: MType) do
 
                var mclass_type: MClassType
                if mtype isa MNullableType then
@@ -425,6 +544,23 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                        mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
                end
 
+               # extern const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("int mask;")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *vts[{self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+               var v = new_visitor
+               v.add_decl("const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       v.add_decl("{vt_masks[mclass_type.mclass]},")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+
                for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
                        if vt == null then
                                v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
@@ -435,24 +571,27 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                                        print "No bound found for virtual type {vt} ?"
                                        abort
                                else
-                                       var ntype = bound
-                                       if ntype isa MNullableType then ntype = ntype.mtype
-                                       if ntype isa MVirtualType then
-                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
-                                       else if ntype isa MParameterType then
-                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
-                                       else if ntype isa MGenericType and bound.need_anchor then
-                                               bound = ntype.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
-                                       else if ntype isa MClassType then
+                                       var is_nullable = ""
+                                       if bound isa MNullableType then
+                                               bound = bound.mtype
+                                               is_nullable = "nullable_"
+                                       end
+                                       if bound isa MVirtualType then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MParameterType then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MGenericType and bound.need_anchor then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MClassType then
                                        else
-                                               print "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: mtype_to_livetype with type: {ntype}"
+                                               print "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: mtype_to_livetype with type: {bound}"
                                                abort
                                        end
 
                                        if self.typeids.has_key(bound) then
-                                               v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{bound.c_name}, /* {ntype} */")
+                                               v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{is_nullable}{bound.c_name}, /* {bound} */")
                                        else
-                                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* dead type {ntype} */")
+                                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* dead type {bound} */")
                                        end
                                end
                        end
@@ -471,7 +610,7 @@ class SeparateCompiler
 
                var vft = self.method_tables[mclass]
                var attrs = self.attr_tables[mclass]
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
+               var v = new_visitor
 
                v.add_decl("/* runtime class {c_name} */")
                var idnum = classids.length
@@ -563,17 +702,25 @@ class SeparateCompiler
                v.add("{res}->type = type;")
                v.add("{res}->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
 
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
-               do
-                       var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
-                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
-                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       npropdef.init_expr(v, res)
-                               end
-                       end
-               end
+               self.generate_init_attr(v, res, mtype)
                v.add("return {res};")
                v.add("\}")
+
+               generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       end
+
+       redef fun generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               var c_name = mtype.mclass.c_name
+               var res = new RuntimeVariable("self", mtype, mtype)
+               self.header.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+               v.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype} {res}) \{")
+               self.generate_check_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("\}")
        end
 
        redef fun new_visitor do return new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
@@ -764,7 +911,9 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
        # ENSURE: result.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype
        redef fun autobox(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable
        do
-               if value.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype then
+               if value.mtype == mtype then
+                       return value
+               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" and mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return value
                else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
@@ -823,7 +972,8 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        ss.append(", {a}")
                end
 
-               var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType
+               var consider_null = not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value or mmethod.name == "==" or mmethod.name == "!="
+               var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType and consider_null
                if maybenull then
                        self.add("if ({recv} == NULL) \{")
                        if mmethod.name == "==" then
@@ -852,10 +1002,9 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        self.add("\} else \{")
                end
 
-               var color = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).method_colors[mmethod]
                var r
                if ret == null then r = "void" else r = ret.ctype
-               var call = "(({r} (*)({s}))({arguments.first}->class->vft[{color}]))({ss}) /* {mmethod} on {arguments.first.inspect}*/"
+               var call = "(({r} (*)({s}))({arguments.first}->class->vft[{mmethod.const_color}]))({ss}) /* {mmethod} on {arguments.first.inspect}*/"
 
                if res != null then
                        self.add("{res} = {call};")
@@ -917,7 +1066,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
        do
                self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
                var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
-               self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}] != NULL; /* {a} on {recv.inspect}*/")
+               self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}] != NULL; /* {a} on {recv.inspect}*/")
                return res
        end
 
@@ -934,10 +1083,10 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                var cret = self.object_type.as_nullable
                var res = self.new_var(cret)
                res.mcasttype = ret
-               self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}]; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+               self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}]; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
 
                # Check for Uninitialized attribute
-               if not ret isa MNullableType then
+               if not ret isa MNullableType and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then
                        self.add("if ({res} == NULL) \{")
                        self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
                        self.add("\}")
@@ -959,7 +1108,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
                # Adapt the value to the declared type
                value = self.autobox(value, mtype)
-               var attr = "{recv}->attrs[{self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler).attr_colors[a]}]"
+               var attr = "{recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}]"
                if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                        assert mtype isa MClassType
                        # The attribute is primitive, thus we store it in a box
@@ -991,11 +1140,17 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        end
 
                        if ntype isa MParameterType then
-                               var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ntype]
-                               buffer.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->livecolor]")
+                               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                                       buffer.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[HASH(self->type->fts_table->mask, {ntype.const_color})]->livecolor]")
+                               else
+                                       buffer.append("[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ntype.const_color}]->livecolor]")
+                               end
                        else if ntype isa MVirtualType then
-                               var vtcolor = compiler.vt_colors[ntype.mproperty.as(MVirtualTypeProp)]
-                               buffer.append("[self->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->livecolor]")
+                               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                                       buffer.append("[self->type->vts_table->vts[HASH(self->type->vts_table->mask, {ntype.mproperty.const_color})]->livecolor]")
+                               else
+                                       buffer.append("[self->type->vts_table->vts[{ntype.mproperty.const_color}]->livecolor]")
+                               end
                        else if ntype isa MGenericType and ntype.need_anchor then
                                var bbuff = new Buffer
                                retrieve_anchored_livetype(ntype, bbuff)
@@ -1022,8 +1177,16 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) &type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
        end
 
+       redef fun check_init_instance(value, mtype)
+       do
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+               self.add("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({value});")
+       end
+
+
        redef fun type_test(value, mtype)
        do
+               self.add("/* {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")
                var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
 
                var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
@@ -1031,11 +1194,12 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
                var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
 
+               var type_struct = self.get_name("type_struct")
+               self.add_decl("struct type* {type_struct};")
                var cltype = self.get_name("cltype")
                self.add_decl("int {cltype};")
                var idtype = self.get_name("idtype")
                self.add_decl("int {idtype};")
-
                var is_nullable = self.get_name("is_nullable")
                self.add_decl("short int {is_nullable};")
 
@@ -1047,26 +1211,36 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                end
 
                if ntype isa MParameterType then
-                       var ftcolor = compiler.ft_colors[ntype]
-                       self.add("{cltype} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->id;")
-                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ftcolor}]->is_nullable;")
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[HASH({recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->mask, {ntype.const_color})];")
+                       else
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_boxed}->type->fts_table->fts[{ntype.const_color}];")
+                       end
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {type_struct}->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {type_struct}->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {type_struct}->is_nullable;")
                else if ntype isa MGenericType and ntype.need_anchor then
                        var buff = new Buffer
                        retrieve_anchored_livetype(ntype, buff)
-                       self.add("{cltype} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->id;")
-                       self.add("{is_nullable} = livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s}->is_nullable;")
+                       self.add("{type_struct} = (struct type*)livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s};")
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {type_struct}->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {type_struct}->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {type_struct}->is_nullable;")
                else if ntype isa MClassType then
                        compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
                        self.add("{cltype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.color;")
                        self.add("{idtype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.id;")
                        self.add("{is_nullable} = type_{mtype.c_name}.is_nullable;")
                else if ntype isa MVirtualType then
-                       var vtcolor = compiler.vt_colors[ntype.mproperty.as(MVirtualTypeProp)]
-                       self.add("{cltype} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->id;")
-                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}]->is_nullable;")
+                       var vtcolor = ntype.mproperty.const_color
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[HASH({recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->mask, {vtcolor})];")
+                       else
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_boxed}->type->vts_table->vts[{vtcolor}];")
+                       end
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {type_struct}->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {type_struct}->id;")
+                       self.add("{is_nullable} = {type_struct}->is_nullable;")
                else
                        self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{boxed.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
                end
@@ -1079,6 +1253,9 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                self.add("if({boxed} == NULL) \{")
                self.add("{res} = {is_nullable};")
                self.add("\} else \{")
+               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.add("{cltype} = HASH({boxed}->type->color, {idtype});")
+               end
                self.add("if({cltype} >= {boxed}->type->table_size) \{")
                self.add("{res} = 0;")
                self.add("\} else \{")
@@ -1099,7 +1276,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        value2 = tmp
                end
                if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
                                self.add("{res} = 1; /* is_same_type_test: compatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype} */")
                        else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                                self.add("{res} = 0; /* is_same_type_test: incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
@@ -1130,7 +1307,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                        value2 = tmp
                end
                if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
                                self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
                        else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                                self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
@@ -1227,27 +1404,38 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
 
        redef fun array_instance(array, elttype)
        do
-               var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
                var nclass = self.get_class("NativeArray")
-               elttype = self.anchor(elttype)
-               var arraytype = self.get_class("Array").get_mtype([elttype])
+               var arrayclass = self.get_class("Array")
+               var arraytype = arrayclass.get_mtype([elttype])
                var res = self.init_instance(arraytype)
                self.add("\{ /* {res} = array_instance Array[{elttype}] */")
-               var nat = self.new_var(self.get_class("NativeArray").get_mtype([elttype]))
-               nat.is_exact = true
-               compiler.undead_types.add(nat.mtype.as(MClassType))
-               self.add("{nat} = NEW_{nclass.c_name}({array.length}, (struct type *) &type_{nat.mtype.c_name});")
+               var length = self.int_instance(array.length)
+               var nat = native_array_instance(elttype, length)
                for i in [0..array.length[ do
                        var r = self.autobox(array[i], self.object_type)
                        self.add("((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){nat})->values[{i}] = (val*) {r};")
                end
-               var length = self.int_instance(array.length)
-               self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arraytype), [res, nat, length])
-               self.check_init_instance(res)
+               self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arrayclass.intro.bound_mtype), [res, nat, length])
+               self.check_init_instance(res, arraytype)
                self.add("\}")
                return res
        end
 
+       fun native_array_instance(elttype: MType, length: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable
+       do
+               var mtype = self.get_class("NativeArray").get_mtype([elttype])
+               assert mtype isa MGenericType
+               var compiler = self.compiler.as(SeparateCompiler)
+               if mtype.need_anchor then
+                       var buff = new Buffer
+                       retrieve_anchored_livetype(mtype, buff)
+                       mtype = self.anchor(mtype).as(MClassType)
+                       return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({length}, (struct type *) livetypes_{mtype.mclass.c_name}{buff.to_s})", mtype)
+               end
+               compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
+               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({length}, (struct type *) &type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
+       end
+
        redef fun native_array_def(pname, ret_type, arguments)
        do
                var elttype = arguments.first.mtype
@@ -1273,8 +1461,7 @@ class SeparateCompilerVisitor
                compiler.undead_types.add(ret)
                var mclass = self.get_class("ArrayCapable")
                var ft = mclass.mclass_type.arguments.first.as(MParameterType)
-               var color = compiler.ft_colors[ft]
-               self.ret(self.new_expr("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]}, (struct type*) livetypes_array__NativeArray[self->type->fts_table->fts[{color}]->livecolor])", ret_type))
+               self.ret(self.new_expr("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]}, (struct type*) livetypes_array__NativeArray[self->type->fts_table->fts[{ft.const_color}]->livecolor])", ret_type))
        end
 end
 
@@ -1289,3 +1476,42 @@ redef class MClass
        end
        private var c_name_cache: nullable String
 end
+
+redef class MType
+       fun const_color: String do return "COLOR_{c_name}"
+end
+
+redef class MParameterType
+       redef fun c_name
+       do
+               var res = self.c_name_cache
+               if res != null then return res
+               res = "{self.mclass.c_name}_FT{self.rank}"
+               self.c_name_cache = res
+               return res
+       end
+end
+
+redef class MNullableType
+       redef fun c_name
+       do
+               var res = self.c_name_cache
+               if res != null then return res
+               res = "nullable_{self.mtype.c_name}"
+               self.c_name_cache = res
+               return res
+       end
+end
+
+redef class MProperty
+       fun c_name: String do
+               var res = self.c_name_cache
+               if res != null then return res
+               res = "{self.intro.c_name}"
+               self.c_name_cache = res
+               return res
+       end
+       private var c_name_cache: nullable String
+
+       fun const_color: String do return "COLOR_{c_name}"
+end