Merge branch 'master' into polymorphic_extern_classes
[nit.git] / src / compiler / static / git-favicon.png
diff --git a/src/separate_erasure_compiler.nit b/src/separate_erasure_compiler.nit
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+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,682 +0,0 @@
-# This file is part of NIT ( http://www.nitlanguage.org ).
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Separate compilation of a Nit program with generic type erasure
-module separate_erasure_compiler
-
-intrude import separate_compiler
-
-# Add separate erased compiler specific options
-redef class ToolContext
-       # --erasure
-       var opt_erasure: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Erase generic types", "--erasure")
-       # --rta
-       var opt_rta = new OptionBool("Activate RTA (implicit with --global and --separate)", "--rta")
-       # --no-check-erasure-cast
-       var opt_no_check_erasure_cast: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable implicit casts on unsafe return with erasure-typing policy (dangerous)", "--no-check-erasure-cast")
-
-       redef init
-       do
-               super
-               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_erasure, self.opt_no_check_erasure_cast, opt_rta)
-       end
-
-       redef fun process_options(args)
-       do
-               super
-
-               if opt_no_check_all.value then
-                       opt_no_check_erasure_cast.value = true
-               end
-       end
-
-       var erasure_compiler_phase = new ErasureCompilerPhase(self, null)
-end
-
-class ErasureCompilerPhase
-       super Phase
-       redef fun process_mainmodule(mainmodule, given_mmodules) do
-               if not toolcontext.opt_erasure.value then return
-
-               var modelbuilder = toolcontext.modelbuilder
-               var analysis = null
-               if toolcontext.opt_rta.value then
-                       analysis = modelbuilder.do_rapid_type_analysis(mainmodule)
-               end
-               modelbuilder.run_separate_erasure_compiler(mainmodule, analysis)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ModelBuilder
-       fun run_separate_erasure_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis)
-       do
-               var time0 = get_time
-               self.toolcontext.info("*** GENERATING C ***", 1)
-
-               var compiler = new SeparateErasureCompiler(mainmodule, self, runtime_type_analysis)
-               compiler.compile_header
-
-               # compile class structures
-               self.toolcontext.info("Property coloring", 2)
-               compiler.new_file("{mainmodule.name}.tables")
-               compiler.do_property_coloring
-               for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
-                       for mclass in m.intro_mclasses do
-                               compiler.compile_class_to_c(mclass)
-                       end
-               end
-               compiler.compile_color_consts(compiler.vt_colors)
-
-               # The main function of the C
-               compiler.new_file("{mainmodule.name}.main")
-               compiler.compile_nitni_global_ref_functions
-               compiler.compile_main_function
-
-               # compile methods
-               for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
-                       self.toolcontext.info("Generate C for module {m}", 2)
-                       compiler.new_file("{m.name}.sep")
-                       compiler.compile_module_to_c(m)
-               end
-
-               compiler.display_stats
-
-               var time1 = get_time
-               self.toolcontext.info("*** END GENERATING C: {time1-time0} ***", 2)
-               write_and_make(compiler)
-       end
-end
-
-class SeparateErasureCompiler
-       super SeparateCompiler
-
-       private var class_ids: Map[MClass, Int]
-       private var class_colors: Map[MClass, Int]
-       protected var vt_colors: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int]
-
-       init(mainmodule: MModule, mmbuilder: ModelBuilder, runtime_type_analysis: nullable RapidTypeAnalysis) do
-               super
-
-               # Class coloring
-               var poset = mainmodule.flatten_mclass_hierarchy
-               var mclasses = new HashSet[MClass].from(poset)
-               var colorer = new POSetColorer[MClass]
-               colorer.colorize(poset)
-               class_ids = colorer.ids
-               class_colors = colorer.colors
-               class_tables = self.build_class_typing_tables(mclasses)
-
-               # lookup vt to build layout with
-               var vts = new HashMap[MClass, Set[MVirtualTypeProp]]
-               for mclass in mclasses do
-                       vts[mclass] = new HashSet[MVirtualTypeProp]
-                       for mprop in self.mainmodule.properties(mclass) do
-                               if mprop isa MVirtualTypeProp then
-                                       vts[mclass].add(mprop)
-                               end
-                       end
-               end
-
-               # vt coloration
-               var vt_colorer = new POSetBucketsColorer[MClass, MVirtualTypeProp](poset, colorer.conflicts)
-               vt_colors = vt_colorer.colorize(vts)
-               vt_tables = build_vt_tables(mclasses)
-       end
-
-       fun build_vt_tables(mclasses: Set[MClass]): Map[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]] do
-               var tables = new HashMap[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]]
-               for mclass in mclasses do
-                       var table = new Array[nullable MPropDef]
-                       # first, fill table from parents by reverse linearization order
-                       var parents = new Array[MClass]
-                       if mainmodule.flatten_mclass_hierarchy.has(mclass) then
-                               parents = mclass.in_hierarchy(mainmodule).greaters.to_a
-                               self.mainmodule.linearize_mclasses(parents)
-                       end
-                       for parent in parents do
-                               if parent == mclass then continue
-                               for mproperty in self.mainmodule.properties(parent) do
-                                       if not mproperty isa MVirtualTypeProp then continue
-                                       var color = vt_colors[mproperty]
-                                       if table.length <= color then
-                                               for i in [table.length .. color[ do
-                                                       table[i] = null
-                                               end
-                                       end
-                                       for mpropdef in mproperty.mpropdefs do
-                                               if mpropdef.mclassdef.mclass == parent then
-                                                       table[color] = mpropdef
-                                               end
-                                       end
-                               end
-                       end
-
-                       # then override with local properties
-                       for mproperty in self.mainmodule.properties(mclass) do
-                               if not mproperty isa MVirtualTypeProp then continue
-                               var color = vt_colors[mproperty]
-                               if table.length <= color then
-                                       for i in [table.length .. color[ do
-                                               table[i] = null
-                                       end
-                               end
-                               for mpropdef in mproperty.mpropdefs do
-                                       if mpropdef.mclassdef.mclass == mclass then
-                                               table[color] = mpropdef
-                                       end
-                               end
-                       end
-                       tables[mclass] = table
-               end
-               return tables
-       end
-
-       # Build class tables
-       fun build_class_typing_tables(mclasses: Set[MClass]): Map[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]] do
-               var tables = new HashMap[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]]
-               for mclass in mclasses do
-                       var table = new Array[nullable MClass]
-                       var supers = new Array[MClass]
-                       if mainmodule.flatten_mclass_hierarchy.has(mclass) then
-                               supers = mclass.in_hierarchy(mainmodule).greaters.to_a
-                       end
-                       for sup in supers do
-                               var color = class_colors[sup]
-                               if table.length <= color then
-                                       for i in [table.length .. color[ do
-                                               table[i] = null
-                                       end
-                               end
-                               table[color] = sup
-                       end
-                       tables[mclass] = table
-               end
-               return tables
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_header_structs do
-               self.header.add_decl("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
-               self.compile_header_attribute_structs
-               self.header.add_decl("struct class \{ int id; const char *name; int box_kind; int color; const struct vts_table *vts_table; const struct type_table *type_table; nitmethod_t vft[]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct type_table \{ int size; int table[]; \}; /* colorized type table. */")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_entry \{ short int is_nullable; const struct class *class; \}; /* link (nullable or not) between the vts and is bound. */")
-               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table \{ int dummy; const struct vts_entry vts[]; \}; /* vts list of a C type representation. */")
-               self.header.add_decl("typedef struct instance \{ const struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_class_to_c(mclass: MClass)
-       do
-               var mtype = mclass.intro.bound_mtype
-               var c_name = mclass.c_name
-
-               var vft = self.method_tables[mclass]
-               var attrs = self.attr_tables[mclass]
-               var class_table = self.class_tables[mclass]
-               var v = self.new_visitor
-
-               var rta = runtime_type_analysis
-               var is_dead = mclass.kind == abstract_kind or mclass.kind == interface_kind
-               if not is_dead and rta != null and not rta.live_classes.has(mclass) and mtype.ctype == "val*" and mclass.name != "NativeArray" then
-                       is_dead = true
-               end
-
-               v.add_decl("/* runtime class {c_name} */")
-
-               self.provide_declaration("class_{c_name}", "extern const struct class class_{c_name};")
-               v.add_decl("extern const struct type_table type_table_{c_name};")
-
-               # Build class vft
-               v.add_decl("const struct class class_{c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("{class_ids[mclass]},")
-               v.add_decl("\"{mclass.name}\", /* class_name_string */")
-               v.add_decl("{self.box_kind_of(mclass)}, /* box_kind */")
-               v.add_decl("{class_colors[mclass]},")
-               if not is_dead then
-                       if build_class_vts_table(mclass) then
-                               v.require_declaration("vts_table_{c_name}")
-                               v.add_decl("&vts_table_{c_name},")
-                       else
-                               v.add_decl("NULL,")
-                       end
-                       v.add_decl("&type_table_{c_name},")
-                       v.add_decl("\{")
-                       for i in [0 .. vft.length[ do
-                               var mpropdef = vft[i]
-                               if mpropdef == null then
-                                       v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
-                               else
-                                       assert mpropdef isa MMethodDef
-                                       if rta != null and not rta.live_methoddefs.has(mpropdef) then
-                                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* DEAD {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
-                                               continue
-                                       end
-                                       if true or mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                                               v.require_declaration("VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}")
-                                               v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t)VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
-                                       else
-                                               v.require_declaration("{mpropdef.c_name}")
-                                               v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t){mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
-                                       end
-                               end
-                       end
-                       v.add_decl("\}")
-               end
-               v.add_decl("\};")
-
-               # Build class type table
-
-               v.add_decl("const struct type_table type_table_{c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("{class_table.length},")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
-               for msuper in class_table do
-                       if msuper == null then
-                               v.add_decl("-1, /* empty */")
-                       else
-                               v.add_decl("{self.class_ids[msuper]}, /* {msuper} */")
-                       end
-               end
-               v.add_decl("\}")
-               v.add_decl("\};")
-
-               if mtype.ctype != "val*" or mtype.mclass.name == "Pointer" then
-                       #Build instance struct
-                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
-                       self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("\};")
-
-                       #Build BOX
-                       self.provide_declaration("BOX_{c_name}", "val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
-                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
-                       v.add("struct instance_{c_name}*res = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
-                       v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
-                       v.add("res->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                       v.add("res->value = value;")
-                       v.add("return (val*)res;")
-                       v.add("\}")
-
-                       if mtype.mclass.name != "Pointer" then return
-
-                       v = new_visitor
-                       self.provide_declaration("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}();")
-                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}() \{")
-                       if is_dead then
-                               v.add_abort("{mclass} is DEAD")
-                       else
-                               var res = v.new_named_var(mtype, "self")
-                               res.is_exact = true
-                               v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{mtype.c_name}));")
-                               v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
-                               v.add("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                               v.add("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){res})->value = NULL;")
-                               v.add("return {res};")
-                       end
-                       v.add("\}")
-                       return
-               else if mclass.name == "NativeArray" then
-                       #Build instance struct
-                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
-                       self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("int length;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("val* values[];")
-                       self.header.add_decl("\};")
-
-                       #Build NEW
-                       self.provide_declaration("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(int length);")
-                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(int length) \{")
-                       var res = v.get_name("self")
-                       v.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} *{res};")
-                       var mtype_elt = mtype.arguments.first
-                       v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}) + length*sizeof({mtype_elt.ctype}));")
-                       v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
-                       v.add("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                       v.add("{res}->length = length;")
-                       v.add("return (val*){res};")
-                       v.add("\}")
-                       return
-               else if mtype.mclass.kind == extern_kind and mtype.mclass.name != "NativeString" then
-                       var pointer_type = mainmodule.pointer_type
-
-                       self.provide_declaration("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}();")
-                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}() \{")
-                       if is_dead then
-                               v.add_abort("{mclass} is DEAD")
-                       else
-                               var res = v.new_named_var(mtype, "self")
-                               res.is_exact = true
-                               v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}));")
-                               #v.add("{res}->type = type;")
-                               v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
-                               v.add("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                               v.add("((struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}*){res})->value = NULL;")
-                               v.add("return {res};")
-                       end
-                       v.add("\}")
-                       return
-               end
-
-               #Build NEW
-               self.provide_declaration("NEW_{c_name}", "{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void);")
-               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-               v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void) \{")
-               if is_dead then
-                       v.add_abort("{mclass} is DEAD")
-               else
-
-                       var res = v.new_named_var(mtype, "self")
-                       res.is_exact = true
-                       v.add("{res} = nit_alloc(sizeof(struct instance) + {attrs.length}*sizeof(nitattribute_t));")
-                       v.require_declaration("class_{c_name}")
-                       v.add("{res}->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                       self.generate_init_attr(v, res, mtype)
-                       v.set_finalizer res
-                       v.add("return {res};")
-               end
-               v.add("\}")
-       end
-
-       private fun build_class_vts_table(mclass: MClass): Bool do
-               if self.vt_tables[mclass].is_empty then return false
-
-               self.provide_declaration("vts_table_{mclass.c_name}", "extern const struct vts_table vts_table_{mclass.c_name};")
-
-               var v = new_visitor
-               v.add_decl("const struct vts_table vts_table_{mclass.c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("0, /* dummy */")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
-
-               for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass] do
-                       if vt == null then
-                               v.add_decl("\{-1, NULL\}, /* empty */")
-                       else
-                               var is_null = 0
-                               var bound = retrieve_vt_bound(mclass.intro.bound_mtype, vt.as(MVirtualTypeDef).bound)
-                               while bound isa MNullableType do
-                                       bound = retrieve_vt_bound(mclass.intro.bound_mtype, bound.mtype)
-                                       is_null = 1
-                               end
-                               var vtclass = bound.as(MClassType).mclass
-                               v.require_declaration("class_{vtclass.c_name}")
-                               v.add_decl("\{{is_null}, &class_{vtclass.c_name}\}, /* {vt} */")
-                       end
-               end
-               v.add_decl("\},")
-               v.add_decl("\};")
-               return true
-       end
-
-       private fun retrieve_vt_bound(anchor: MClassType, mtype: nullable MType): MType do
-               if mtype == null then
-                       print "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: retrieve_vt_bound on null"
-                       abort
-               end
-               if mtype isa MVirtualType then
-                       return mtype.anchor_to(mainmodule, anchor)
-               else if mtype isa MParameterType then
-                       return mtype.anchor_to(mainmodule, anchor)
-               else
-                       return mtype
-               end
-       end
-
-       redef fun new_visitor do return new SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor(self)
-
-       # Stats
-
-       private var class_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MClass]]
-       private var vt_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MPropDef]]
-
-       redef fun display_sizes
-       do
-               print "# size of subtyping tables"
-               print "\ttotal \tholes"
-               var total = 0
-               var holes = 0
-               for t, table in class_tables do
-                       total += table.length
-                       for e in table do if e == null then holes += 1
-               end
-               print "\t{total}\t{holes}"
-
-               print "# size of resolution tables"
-               print "\ttotal \tholes"
-               total = 0
-               holes = 0
-               for t, table in vt_tables do
-                       total += table.length
-                       for e in table do if e == null then holes += 1
-               end
-               print "\t{total}\t{holes}"
-
-               print "# size of methods tables"
-               print "\ttotal \tholes"
-               total = 0
-               holes = 0
-               for t, table in method_tables do
-                       total += table.length
-                       for e in table do if e == null then holes += 1
-               end
-               print "\t{total}\t{holes}"
-
-               print "# size of attributes tables"
-               print "\ttotal \tholes"
-               total = 0
-               holes = 0
-               for t, table in attr_tables do
-                       total += table.length
-                       for e in table do if e == null then holes += 1
-               end
-               print "\t{total}\t{holes}"
-       end
-end
-
-class SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor
-       super SeparateCompilerVisitor
-
-       redef fun compile_callsite(callsite, arguments)
-       do
-               var res = super
-               if callsite.erasure_cast and not self.compiler.as(SeparateErasureCompiler).modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_erasure_cast.value then
-                       assert res != null
-                       var mtype = callsite.msignature.return_mtype
-                       assert mtype != null
-                       self.add("/* Erasure cast for return {res} isa {mtype} */")
-                       var cond = self.type_test(res, mtype, "erasure")
-                       self.add("if (!{cond}) \{")
-                       #var x = self.class_name_string(res)
-                       #var y = self.class_name_string(arguments.first)
-                       #self.add("PRINT_ERROR(\"Erasure cast: expected {mtype} (self is %s), got %s for {res}\\n\", {y}, {x});")
-                       self.add_abort("Cast failed")
-                       self.add("\}")
-               end
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun init_instance(mtype)
-       do
-               self.require_declaration("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
-               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}()", mtype)
-       end
-
-       redef fun type_test(value, mtype, tag)
-       do
-               self.add("/* type test for {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")
-
-               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
-
-               var cltype = self.get_name("cltype")
-               self.add_decl("int {cltype};")
-               var idtype = self.get_name("idtype")
-               self.add_decl("int {idtype};")
-
-               var maybe_null = self.maybe_null(value)
-               var accept_null = "0"
-               if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                       mtype = mtype.mtype
-                       accept_null = "1"
-               end
-               if mtype isa MParameterType then
-                       # Here we get the bound of the the formal type (eh, erasure...)
-                       mtype = mtype.resolve_for(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, false)
-                       if mtype isa MNullableType then
-                               mtype = mtype.mtype
-                               accept_null = "1"
-                       end
-               end
-
-               if value.mcasttype.is_subtype(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mtype) then
-                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* easy {value.inspect} isa {mtype}*/")
-                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
-                               self.compiler.count_type_test_skipped[tag] += 1
-                               self.add("count_type_test_skipped_{tag}++;")
-                       end
-                       return res
-               end
-
-               var class_ptr
-               var type_table
-               if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       class_ptr = "{value}->class->"
-               else
-                       var mclass = value.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass
-                       self.require_declaration("class_{mclass.c_name}")
-                       class_ptr = "class_{mclass.c_name}."
-               end
-
-               if mtype isa MClassType then
-                       self.require_declaration("class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
-                       self.add("{cltype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.id;")
-                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
-                               self.compiler.count_type_test_resolved[tag] += 1
-                               self.add("count_type_test_resolved_{tag}++;")
-                       end
-               else if mtype isa MVirtualType then
-                       var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
-                       var recv_ptr
-                       if recv.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                               recv_ptr = "{recv}->class->"
-                       else
-                               var mclass = recv.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass
-                               self.require_declaration("class_{mclass.c_name}")
-                               recv_ptr = "class_{mclass.c_name}."
-                       end
-                       var entry = self.get_name("entry")
-                       self.add("struct vts_entry {entry};")
-                       self.require_declaration(mtype.mproperty.const_color)
-                       self.add("{entry} = {recv_ptr}vts_table->vts[{mtype.mproperty.const_color}];")
-                       self.add("{cltype} = {entry}.class->color;")
-                       self.add("{idtype} = {entry}.class->id;")
-                       if maybe_null and accept_null == "0" then
-                               var is_nullable = self.get_name("is_nullable")
-                               self.add_decl("short int {is_nullable};")
-                               self.add("{is_nullable} = {entry}.is_nullable;")
-                               accept_null = is_nullable.to_s
-                       end
-                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
-                               self.compiler.count_type_test_unresolved[tag] += 1
-                               self.add("count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}++;")
-                       end
-               else
-                       self.debug("type_test({value.inspect}, {mtype})")
-                       abort
-               end
-
-               # check color is in table
-               if maybe_null then
-                       self.add("if({value} == NULL) \{")
-                       self.add("{res} = {accept_null};")
-                       self.add("\} else \{")
-               end
-               self.add("if({cltype} >= {class_ptr}type_table->size) \{")
-               self.add("{res} = 0;")
-               self.add("\} else \{")
-               self.add("{res} = {class_ptr}type_table->table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
-               self.add("\}")
-               if maybe_null then
-                       self.add("\}")
-               end
-
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun unbox_extern(value, mtype)
-       do
-               if mtype isa MClassType and mtype.mclass.kind == extern_kind and
-                  mtype.mclass.name != "NativeString" then
-                       var pointer_type = compiler.mainmodule.pointer_type
-                       var res = self.new_var_extern(mtype)
-                       self.add "{res} = ((struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}*){value})->value; /* unboxing {value.mtype} */"
-                       return res
-               else
-                       return value
-               end
-       end
-
-       redef fun box_extern(value, mtype)
-       do
-               if mtype isa MClassType and mtype.mclass.kind == extern_kind and
-                  mtype.mclass.name != "NativeString" then
-                       var valtype = compiler.mainmodule.pointer_type
-                       var res = self.new_var(mtype)
-                       if compiler.runtime_type_analysis != null and not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(value.mtype.as(MClassType)) then
-                               self.add("/*no boxing of {value.mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
-                               self.add("PRINT_ERROR(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); show_backtrace(1);")
-                               return res
-                       end
-                       self.require_declaration("BOX_{valtype.c_name}")
-                       self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* boxing {value.mtype} */")
-                       self.require_declaration("class_{mtype.c_name}")
-                       self.add("{res}->class = &class_{mtype.c_name};")
-                       return res
-               else
-                       return value
-               end
-       end
-
-       redef fun class_name_string(value)
-       do
-               var res = self.get_name("var_class_name")
-               self.add_decl("const char* {res};")
-               if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       self.add "{res} = {value} == NULL ? \"null\" : {value}->class->name;"
-               else
-                       self.require_declaration("class_{value.mtype.c_name}")
-                       self.add "{res} = class_{value.mtype.c_name}.name;"
-               end
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun native_array_instance(elttype, length)
-       do
-               var nclass = self.get_class("NativeArray")
-               var mtype = nclass.get_mtype([elttype])
-               var res = self.new_var(mtype)
-               res.is_exact = true
-               self.require_declaration("NEW_{nclass.c_name}")
-               self.add("{res} = NEW_{nclass.c_name}({length});")
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun calloc_array(ret_type, arguments)
-       do
-               var ret = ret_type.as(MClassType)
-               self.require_declaration("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}")
-               self.ret(self.new_expr("NEW_{ret.mclass.c_name}({arguments[1]})", ret_type))
-       end
-end