nitg-s: cleaned useless ClassColoring uses
[nit.git] / src / separate_compiler.nit
index fb5f5d7..cd9768b 100644 (file)
 # Separate compilation of a Nit program
 module separate_compiler
 
+import abstract_compiler
+intrude import coloring
+import rapid_type_analysis
 
-import global_compiler # TODO better separation of concerns
-intrude import vft_computation
+# Add separate compiler specific options
 redef class ToolContext
        # --separate
        var opt_separate: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Use separate compilation", "--separate")
+       # --no-inline-intern
+       var opt_no_inline_intern: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Do not inline call to intern methods", "--no-inline-intern")
+       # --no-union-attribute
+       var opt_no_union_attribute: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Put primitive attibutes in a box instead of an union", "--no-union-attribute")
+       # --no-shortcut-equate
+       var opt_no_shortcut_equate: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Always call == in a polymorphic way", "--no-shortcut-equal")
+       # --inline-coloring-numbers
+       var opt_inline_coloring_numbers: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Inline colors and ids", "--inline-coloring-numbers")
+       # --use-naive-coloring
+       var opt_bm_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Colorize items incrementaly, used to simulate binary matrix typing", "--bm-typing")
+       # --use-mod-perfect-hashing
+       var opt_phmod_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Replace coloration by perfect hashing (with mod operator)", "--phmod-typing")
+       # --use-and-perfect-hashing
+       var opt_phand_typing: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Replace coloration by perfect hashing (with and operator)", "--phand-typing")
+       # --generic-resolution-tree
+       var opt_typing_table_metrics: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Enable static size measuring of tables used for typing and resolution", "--typing-table-metrics")
 
        redef init
        do
                super
                self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_separate)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_inline_intern)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_union_attribute)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_shortcut_equate)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_inline_coloring_numbers)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_bm_typing)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_phmod_typing)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_phand_typing)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_typing_table_metrics)
        end
 end
 
 redef class ModelBuilder
-       redef fun run_global_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
+       fun run_separate_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
+       do
+               var time0 = get_time
+               self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING TO C ***", 1)
+
+               var compiler = new SeparateCompiler(mainmodule, self, runtime_type_analysis)
+               compiler.compile_header
+
+               # compile class structures
+               for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
+                       for mclass in m.intro_mclasses do
+                               compiler.compile_class_to_c(mclass)
+                       end
+               end
+
+               # The main function of the C
+               compiler.new_file
+               compiler.compile_main_function
+
+               # compile methods
+               for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
+                       compiler.new_file
+                       compiler.compile_module_to_c(m)
+               end
+
+               # compile live & cast type structures
+               compiler.new_file
+               var mtypes = compiler.do_type_coloring
+               for t in mtypes do
+                       compiler.compile_type_to_c(t)
+               end
+
+               compiler.display_stats
+
+               write_and_make(compiler)
+       end
+end
+
+# Singleton that store the knowledge about the separate compilation process
+class SeparateCompiler
+       super AbstractCompiler
+
+       # Cache for classid
+       protected var classids: HashMap[MClassType, String] = new HashMap[MClassType, String]
+
+       # The result of the RTA (used to know live types and methods)
+       var runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis
+
+       private var undead_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
+       private var partial_types: Set[MType] = new HashSet[MType]
+
+       private var type_layout_builder: TypeLayoutBuilder
+       private var type_layout: nullable TypeLayout
+       private var type_tables: nullable Map[MType, Array[nullable MType]] = null
+
+       private var live_unanchored_types: Map[MClassDef, Set[MType]] = new HashMap[MClassDef, HashSet[MType]]
+
+       private var unanchored_types_colors: nullable Map[MType, Int]
+       private var unanchored_types_tables: nullable Map[MClassType, Array[nullable MType]]
+       private var unanchored_types_masks: nullable Map[MClassType, Int]
+
+       protected var method_colors: Map[MMethod, Int]
+       protected var method_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MMethodDef]]
+
+       protected var attr_colors: Map[MAttribute, Int]
+       protected var attr_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MAttributeDef]]
+
+       protected var vt_colors: Map[MVirtualTypeProp, Int]
+       protected var vt_tables: Map[MClass, Array[nullable MVirtualTypeDef]]
+       protected var vt_masks: nullable Map[MClass, Int]
+
+       private var ft_colors: nullable Map[MParameterType, Int]
+       private var ft_tables: nullable Map[MClass, Array[nullable MParameterType]]
+       private var ft_masks: nullable Map[MClass, Int]
+
+       init(mainmodule: MModule, mmbuilder: ModelBuilder, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis) do
+               super
+               self.header = new_visitor
+               self.init_layout_builders
+               self.runtime_type_analysis = runtime_type_analysis
+               self.do_property_coloring
+               self.compile_box_kinds
+       end
+
+       protected fun init_layout_builders do
+               # Typing Layout
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       self.type_layout_builder = new BMTypeLayoutBuilder(self.mainmodule)
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       self.type_layout_builder = new PHTypeLayoutBuilder(self.mainmodule, new PHModOperator)
+                       self.header.add_decl("#define HASH(mask, id) ((mask)%(id))")
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.type_layout_builder = new PHTypeLayoutBuilder(self.mainmodule, new PHAndOperator)
+                       self.header.add_decl("#define HASH(mask, id) ((mask)&(id))")
+               else
+                       self.type_layout_builder = new CLTypeLayoutBuilder(self.mainmodule)
+               end
+       end
+
+       redef fun compile_header_structs do
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
+               self.compile_header_attribute_structs
+               self.header.add_decl("struct class \{ int box_kind; nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
+
+               # With unanchored_table, all live type resolution are stored in a big table: unanchored_table
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type \{ int id; const char *name; int color; short int is_nullable; struct types *unanchored_table; int table_size; int type_table[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit type. */")
+
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct types \{ int mask; struct type *types[1]; \}; /* a list types (used for vts, fts and unanchored lists). */")
+               else
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct types \{ struct type *types[1]; \}; /* a list types (used for vts, fts and unanchored lists). */")
+               end
+
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef struct \{ struct type *type; struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
+       end
+
+       fun compile_header_attribute_structs
+       do
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_union_attribute.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("typedef void* nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
+               else
+                       self.header.add_decl("typedef union \{")
+                       self.header.add_decl("void* val;")
+                       for c, v in self.box_kinds do
+                               var t = c.mclass_type
+                               self.header.add_decl("{t.ctype} {t.ctypename};")
+                       end
+                       self.header.add_decl("\} nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
+               end
+       end
+
+       fun compile_box_kinds
+       do
+               # Collect all bas box class
+               # FIXME: this is not completely fine with a separate compilation scheme
+               for classname in ["Int", "Bool", "Char", "Float", "NativeString", "Pointer"] do
+                       var classes = self.mainmodule.model.get_mclasses_by_name(classname)
+                       if classes == null then continue
+                       assert classes.length == 1 else print classes.join(", ")
+                       self.box_kinds[classes.first] = self.box_kinds.length + 1
+               end
+       end
+
+       var box_kinds = new HashMap[MClass, Int]
+
+       fun box_kind_of(mclass: MClass): Int
+       do
+               if mclass.mclass_type.ctype == "val*" then
+                       return 0
+               else if mclass.kind == extern_kind then
+                       return self.box_kinds[self.mainmodule.get_primitive_class("Pointer")]
+               else
+                       return self.box_kinds[mclass]
+               end
+
+       end
+
+       fun compile_color_consts(colors: Map[Object, Int]) do
+               for m, c in colors do
+                       if m isa MProperty then
+                               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_inline_coloring_numbers.value then
+                                       self.header.add_decl("#define {m.const_color} {c}")
+                               else
+                                       self.header.add_decl("extern const int {m.const_color};")
+                                       self.header.add("const int {m.const_color} = {c};")
+                               end
+                       else if m isa MType then
+                               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_inline_coloring_numbers.value then
+                                       self.header.add_decl("#define {m.const_color} {c}")
+                               else
+                                       self.header.add_decl("extern const int {m.const_color};")
+                                       self.header.add("const int {m.const_color} = {c};")
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
+       # colorize classe properties
+       fun do_property_coloring do
+
+               # classes coloration
+               var mclasses = new HashSet[MClass].from(modelbuilder.model.mclasses)
+               var class_coloring = new ClassColoring(mainmodule)
+               class_coloring.colorize(mclasses)
+
+               # methods coloration
+               var method_coloring = new MethodColoring(class_coloring)
+               self.method_colors = method_coloring.colorize
+               self.method_tables = method_coloring.build_property_tables
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.method_colors)
+
+               # attributes coloration
+               var attribute_coloring = new AttributeColoring(class_coloring)
+               self.attr_colors = attribute_coloring.colorize
+               self.attr_tables = attribute_coloring.build_property_tables
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.attr_colors)
+
+               # vt coloration
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new NaiveVTColoring(class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTModPerfectHashing(class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_masks = vt_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTAndPerfectHashing(class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_masks = vt_coloring.compute_masks
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               else
+                       var vt_coloring = new VTColoring(class_coloring)
+                       self.vt_colors = vt_coloring.colorize
+                       self.vt_tables = vt_coloring.build_property_tables
+               end
+               self.compile_color_consts(self.vt_colors)
+       end
+
+       # colorize live types of the program
+       private fun do_type_coloring: Set[MType] do
+               var mtypes = new HashSet[MType]
+               mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types)
+               mtypes.add_all(self.runtime_type_analysis.live_cast_types)
+               mtypes.add_all(self.undead_types)
+               for c in self.box_kinds.keys do
+                       mtypes.add(c.mclass_type)
+               end
+
+               for mtype in mtypes do
+                       retieve_live_partial_types(mtype)
+               end
+               mtypes.add_all(self.partial_types)
+
+               # VT and FT are stored with other unresolved types in the big unanchored_tables
+               self.compile_unanchored_tables(mtypes)
+
+               # colorize types
+               self.type_layout = self.type_layout_builder.build_layout(mtypes)
+               self.type_tables = self.build_type_tables(mtypes)
+               return mtypes
+       end
+
+       # Build type tables
+       fun build_type_tables(mtypes: Set[MType]): Map[MType, Array[nullable MType]] do
+               var tables = new HashMap[MType, Array[nullable MType]]
+               var layout = self.type_layout
+               for mtype in mtypes do
+                       var table = new Array[nullable MType]
+                       var supers = new HashSet[MType]
+                       supers.add_all(self.mainmodule.super_mtypes(mtype, mtypes))
+                       supers.add(mtype)
+                       for sup in supers do
+                               var color: Int
+                               if layout isa PHTypeLayout then
+                                       color = layout.hashes[mtype][sup]
+                               else
+                                       color = layout.pos[sup]
+                               end
+                               if table.length <= color then
+                                       for i in [table.length .. color[ do
+                                               table[i] = null
+                                       end
+                               end
+                               table[color] = sup
+                       end
+                       tables[mtype] = table
+               end
+               return tables
+       end
+
+       protected fun compile_unanchored_tables(mtypes: Set[MType]) do
+               # Unanchored_tables is used to perform a type resolution at runtime in O(1)
+
+               # During the visit of the body of classes, live_unanchored_types are collected
+               # and associated to
+               # Collect all live_unanchored_types (visited in the body of classes)
+
+               # Determinate fo each livetype what are its possible requested anchored types
+               var mtype2unanchored = new HashMap[MClassType, Set[MType]]
+               for mtype in self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
+                       var set = new HashSet[MType]
+                       for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule) do
+                               if self.live_unanchored_types.has_key(cd) then
+                                       set.add_all(self.live_unanchored_types[cd])
+                               end
+                       end
+                       mtype2unanchored[mtype] = set
+               end
+
+               # Compute the table layout with the prefered method
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_bm_typing.value then
+                       var unanchored_type_coloring = new NaiveUnanchoredTypeColoring
+                       self.unanchored_types_colors = unanchored_type_coloring.colorize(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_tables = unanchored_type_coloring.build_tables(mtype2unanchored)
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value then
+                       var unanchored_type_coloring = new UnanchoredTypeModPerfectHashing
+                       self.unanchored_types_colors = unanchored_type_coloring.colorize(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_masks = unanchored_type_coloring.compute_masks(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_tables = unanchored_type_coloring.build_tables(mtype2unanchored)
+               else if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       var unanchored_type_coloring = new UnanchoredTypeAndPerfectHashing
+                       self.unanchored_types_colors = unanchored_type_coloring.colorize(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_masks = unanchored_type_coloring.compute_masks(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_tables = unanchored_type_coloring.build_tables(mtype2unanchored)
+               else
+                       var unanchored_type_coloring = new UnanchoredTypeColoring
+                       self.unanchored_types_colors = unanchored_type_coloring.colorize(mtype2unanchored)
+                       self.unanchored_types_tables = unanchored_type_coloring.build_tables(mtype2unanchored)
+               end
+
+               # Compile a C constant for each collected unanchored type.
+               # Either to a color, or to -1 if the unanchored type is dead (no live receiver can require it)
+               var all_unanchored = new HashSet[MType]
+               for t in self.live_unanchored_types.values do
+                       all_unanchored.add_all(t)
+               end
+               var all_unanchored_types_colors = new HashMap[MType, Int]
+               for t in all_unanchored do
+                       if unanchored_types_colors.has_key(t) then
+                               all_unanchored_types_colors[t] = unanchored_types_colors[t]
+                       else
+                               all_unanchored_types_colors[t] = -1
+                       end
+               end
+               self.compile_color_consts(all_unanchored_types_colors)
+
+               #print "tables"
+               #for k, v in unanchored_types_tables.as(not null) do
+               #       print "{k}: {v.join(", ")}"
+               #end
+               #print ""
+       end
+
+       fun retieve_live_partial_types(mtype: MType) do
+               # add formal types arguments to mtypes
+               if mtype isa MGenericType then
+                       for ft in mtype.arguments do
+                               if ft.need_anchor then
+                                       print("Why do we need anchor here ?")
+                                       abort
+                               end
+                               self.partial_types.add(ft)
+                               retieve_live_partial_types(ft)
+                       end
+               end
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+
+               # add virtual types to mtypes
+               for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                       if vt != null then
+                               var anchored = vt.bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                               self.partial_types.add(anchored)
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Separately compile all the method definitions of the module
+       fun compile_module_to_c(mmodule: MModule)
+       do
+               var old_module = self.mainmodule
+               self.mainmodule = mmodule
+               for cd in mmodule.mclassdefs do
+                       for pd in cd.mpropdefs do
+                               if not pd isa MMethodDef then continue
+                               #print "compile {pd} @ {cd} @ {mmodule}"
+                               var r = new SeparateRuntimeFunction(pd)
+                               r.compile_to_c(self)
+                               if true or cd.bound_mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                                       var r2 = new VirtualRuntimeFunction(pd)
+                                       r2.compile_to_c(self)
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+               self.mainmodule = old_module
+       end
+
+       # Globaly compile the type structure of a live type
+       fun compile_type_to_c(mtype: MType)
+       do
+               var c_name = mtype.c_name
+               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
+               v.add_decl("/* runtime type {mtype} */")
+
+               # extern const struct type_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type_{c_name} \{")
+               self.header.add_decl("int id;")
+               self.header.add_decl("const char *name;")
+               self.header.add_decl("int color;")
+               self.header.add_decl("short int is_nullable;")
+               self.header.add_decl("const struct types *unanchored_table;")
+               self.header.add_decl("int table_size;")
+               self.header.add_decl("int type_table[{self.type_tables[mtype].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct type_X
+               v.add_decl("const struct type_{c_name} type_{c_name} = \{")
+               v.add_decl("{self.type_layout.ids[mtype]},")
+               v.add_decl("\"{mtype}\", /* class_name_string */")
+               var layout = self.type_layout
+               if layout isa PHTypeLayout then
+                       v.add_decl("{layout.masks[mtype]},")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("{layout.pos[mtype]},")
+               end
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       v.add_decl("1,")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("0,")
+               end
+               if compile_type_unanchored_table(mtype) then
+                       v.add_decl("(struct types*) &unanchored_table_{c_name},")
+               else
+                       v.add_decl("NULL,")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("{self.type_tables[mtype].length},")
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+               for stype in self.type_tables[mtype] do
+                       if stype == null then
+                               v.add_decl("-1, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               v.add_decl("{self.type_layout.ids[stype]}, /* {stype} */")
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\},")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+       end
+
+       protected fun compile_type_fts_table(mtype: MType): Bool do
+
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+               if self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass].is_empty then return false
+
+               # extern const struct fst_table_X fst_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("int mask;")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *types[{self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct fts_table_X fts_table_X
+               var v = new_visitor
+               v.add_decl("const struct fts_table_{mtype.c_name} fts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       v.add_decl("{self.ft_masks[mclass_type.mclass]},")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+               for ft in self.ft_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                       if ft == null then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               var ntype: MType
+                               if ft.mclass == mclass_type.mclass then
+                                       ntype = mclass_type.arguments[ft.rank]
+                               else
+                                       ntype = ft.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                               end
+                               if self.type_layout.ids.has_key(ntype) then
+                                       v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{ntype.c_name}, /* {ft} ({ntype}) */")
+                               else
+                                       v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty ({ft} not a live type) */")
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\},")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+               return true
+       end
+
+       protected fun compile_type_vts_table(mtype: MType): Bool do
+
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+               if self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass].is_empty then return false
+
+               # extern const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name};")
+               self.header.add_decl("struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("int mask;")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *types[{self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct vts_table_X vts_table_X
+               var v = new_visitor
+               v.add_decl("const struct vts_table_{mtype.c_name} vts_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       v.add_decl("{vt_masks[mclass_type.mclass]},")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+
+               for vt in self.vt_tables[mclass_type.mclass] do
+                       if vt == null then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               var bound = vt.bound
+                               if bound == null then
+                                       #FIXME how can a bound be null here ?
+                                       print "No bound found for virtual type {vt} ?"
+                                       abort
+                               else
+                                       var is_nullable = ""
+                                       if bound isa MNullableType then
+                                               bound = bound.mtype
+                                               is_nullable = "nullable_"
+                                       end
+                                       if bound isa MVirtualType then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MParameterType then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MGenericType and bound.need_anchor then
+                                               bound = bound.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mclass_type)
+                                       else if bound isa MClassType then
+                                       else
+                                               print "NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: mtype_to_livetype with type: {bound}"
+                                               abort
+                                       end
+
+                                       if self.type_layout.ids.has_key(bound) then
+                                               v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{is_nullable}{bound.c_name}, /* {bound} */")
+                                       else
+                                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* dead type {bound} */")
+                                       end
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\},")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+               return true
+       end
+
+       fun compile_type_unanchored_table(mtype: MType): Bool do
+
+               var mclass_type: MClassType
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       mclass_type = mtype.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               else
+                       mclass_type = mtype.as(MClassType)
+               end
+               if not self.unanchored_types_tables.has_key(mclass_type) then return false
+
+               # extern const struct unanchored_table_X unanchored_table_X
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct unanchored_table_{mtype.c_name} unanchored_table_{mtype.c_name};")
+
+               self.header.add_decl("struct unanchored_table_{mtype.c_name} \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.header.add_decl("int mask;")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("struct type *types[{self.unanchored_types_tables[mclass_type].length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # const struct fts_table_X fts_table_X
+               var v = new_visitor
+               v.add_decl("const struct unanchored_table_{mtype.c_name} unanchored_table_{mtype.c_name} = \{")
+               if modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       v.add_decl("{self.unanchored_types_masks[mclass_type]},")
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+               for t in self.unanchored_types_tables[mclass_type] do
+                       if t == null then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               # The table stores the result of the type resolution
+                               # Therefore, for a receiver `mclass_type`, and a unresolved type `t`
+                               # the value stored is tv.
+                               var tv = t.resolve_for(mclass_type, mclass_type, self.mainmodule, true)
+                               # FIXME: What typeids means here? How can a tv not be live?
+                               if self.type_layout.ids.has_key(tv) then
+                                       v.add_decl("(struct type*)&type_{tv.c_name}, /* {t}: {tv} */")
+                               else
+                                       v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty ({t}: {tv} not a live type) */")
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\},")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+               return true
+       end
+
+       # Globally compile the table of the class mclass
+       # In a link-time optimisation compiler, tables are globally computed
+       # In a true separate compiler (a with dynamic loading) you cannot do this unfortnally
+       fun compile_class_to_c(mclass: MClass)
+       do
+               var mtype = mclass.intro.bound_mtype
+               var c_name = mclass.c_name
+
+               var vft = self.method_tables[mclass]
+               var attrs = self.attr_tables[mclass]
+               var v = new_visitor
+
+               v.add_decl("/* runtime class {c_name} */")
+               var idnum = classids.length
+               var idname = "ID_" + c_name
+               self.classids[mtype] = idname
+               #self.header.add_decl("#define {idname} {idnum} /* {c_name} */")
+
+               self.header.add_decl("struct class_{c_name} \{")
+               self.header.add_decl("int box_kind;")
+               self.header.add_decl("nitmethod_t vft[{vft.length}];")
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+               # Build class vft
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name};")
+               v.add_decl("const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name} = \{")
+               v.add_decl("{self.box_kind_of(mclass)}, /* box_kind */")
+               v.add_decl("\{")
+               for i in [0 .. vft.length[ do
+                       var mpropdef = vft[i]
+                       if mpropdef == null then
+                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+                       else
+                               if true or mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                                       v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t)VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
+                               else
+                                       v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t){mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+               v.add_decl("\}")
+               v.add_decl("\};")
+
+               if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       #Build instance struct
+                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
+                       self.header.add_decl("const struct type *type;")
+                       self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
+                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
+                       self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+                       if not self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype) then return
+
+                       self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+                       v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
+                       v.add("struct instance_{c_name}*res = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
+                       v.add("res->type = (struct type*) &type_{c_name};")
+                       v.add("res->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
+                       v.add("res->value = value;")
+                       v.add("return (val*)res;")
+                       v.add("\}")
+                       return
+               end
+
+               var is_native_array = mclass.name == "NativeArray"
+
+               var sig
+               if is_native_array then
+                       sig = "int length, struct type* type"
+               else
+                       sig = "struct type* type"
+               end
+
+               #Build instance struct
+               #extern const struct instance_array__NativeArray instance_array__NativeArray;
+               self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
+               self.header.add_decl("const struct type *type;")
+               self.header.add_decl("const struct class *class;")
+               self.header.add_decl("nitattribute_t attrs[{attrs.length}];")
+               if is_native_array then
+                       # NativeArrays are just a instance header followed by an array of values
+                       self.header.add_decl("val* values[0];")
+               end
+               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+
+
+               self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}({sig});")
+               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+               v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}({sig}) \{")
+               var res = v.new_named_var(mtype, "self")
+               res.is_exact = true
+               if is_native_array then
+                       var mtype_elt = mtype.arguments.first
+                       v.add("{res} = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}) + length*sizeof({mtype_elt.ctype}));")
+               else
+                       v.add("{res} = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
+               end
+               v.add("{res}->type = type;")
+               if v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_hardening.value then
+                       v.add("if(type == NULL) \{")
+                       v.add_abort("type null")
+                       v.add("\}")
+                       v.add("if(type->unanchored_table == NULL) \{")
+                       v.add("fprintf(stderr, \"Insantiation of a dead type: %s\\n\", type->name);")
+                       v.add_abort("type dead")
+                       v.add("\}")
+               end
+               v.add("{res}->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
+
+               self.generate_init_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("return {res};")
+               v.add("\}")
+
+               generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       end
+
+       redef fun generate_check_init_instance(mtype)
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               var c_name = mtype.mclass.c_name
+               var res = new RuntimeVariable("self", mtype, mtype)
+               self.header.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+               v.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{c_name}({mtype.ctype} {res}) \{")
+               self.generate_check_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("\}")
+       end
+
+       redef fun new_visitor do return new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
+
+       # Stats
+
+       redef fun display_stats
+       do
+               super
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_table_metrics.value then
+                       display_sizes
+               end
+       end
+
+       fun display_sizes
+       do
+               print "# size of tables"
+               print "\trs size\trs hole\tst size\tst hole"
+               var rt_table = 0
+               var rt_holes = 0
+               var st_table = 0
+               var st_holes = 0
+               var rtables = unanchored_types_tables
+               if rtables != null then
+                       for unanch, table in rtables do
+                               rt_table += table.length
+                               for e in table do if e == null then rt_holes += 1
+                       end
+               end
+
+               var ttables = type_tables
+               if ttables != null then
+                       for t, table in ttables do
+                               st_table += table.length
+                               for e in table do if e == null then st_holes += 1
+                       end
+               end
+               print "\t{rt_table}\t{rt_holes}\t{st_table}\t{st_holes}"
+       end
+end
+
+# A visitor on the AST of property definition that generate the C code of a separate compilation process.
+class SeparateCompilerVisitor
+       super AbstractCompilerVisitor
+
+       redef type COMPILER: SeparateCompiler
+
+       redef fun adapt_signature(m, args)
+       do
+               var msignature = m.msignature.resolve_for(m.mclassdef.bound_mtype, m.mclassdef.bound_mtype, m.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+               var recv = args.first
+               if recv.mtype.ctype != m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type.ctype then
+                       args.first = self.autobox(args.first, m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type)
+               end
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var t = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
+                               t = args[i+1].mtype
+                       end
+                       args[i+1] = self.autobox(args[i+1], t)
+               end
+       end
+
+       redef fun autobox(value, mtype)
+       do
+               if value.mtype == mtype then
+                       return value
+               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" and mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       return value
+               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
+               else if mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       var valtype = value.mtype.as(MClassType)
+                       var res = self.new_var(mtype)
+                       if not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(valtype) then
+                               self.add("/*no autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
+                               self.add("printf(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); exit(1);")
+                               return res
+                       end
+                       self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */")
+                       return res
+               else
+                       # Bad things will appen!
+                       var res = self.new_var(mtype)
+                       self.add("/* {res} left unintialized (cannot convert {value.mtype} to {mtype}) */")
+                       self.add("printf(\"Cast error: Cannot cast %s to %s.\\n\", \"{value.mtype}\", \"{mtype}\"); exit(1);")
+                       return res
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Return a C expression returning the runtime type structure of the value
+       # The point of the method is to works also with primitives types.
+       fun type_info(value: RuntimeVariable): String
        do
-               # Hijack the run_global_compiler to run the separate one if requested.
-               if self.toolcontext.opt_separate.value then
-                       build_vft(mainmodule)
-                       run_separate_compiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis)
+               if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       return "{value}->type"
                else
-                       super
+                       return "(&type_{value.mtype.c_name})"
                end
        end
 
-       fun run_separate_compiler(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis)
+       redef fun send(mmethod, arguments)
        do
-               var time0 = get_time
-               self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING TO C ***", 1)
+               if arguments.first.mcasttype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       return self.monomorphic_send(mmethod, arguments.first.mcasttype, arguments)
+               end
+
+               var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
+               var msignature = mmethod.intro.msignature.resolve_for(mmethod.intro.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethod.intro.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethod.intro.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+               var ret = msignature.return_mtype
+               if mmethod.is_new then
+                       ret = arguments.first.mtype
+                       res = self.new_var(ret)
+               else if ret == null then
+                       res = null
+               else
+                       res = self.new_var(ret)
+               end
 
-               var compiler = new SeparateCompiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis, self)
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
-               compiler.header = v
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdlib.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdio.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <string.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <gc/gc.h>")
-               v.add_decl("typedef void(*nitmethod_t)(void); /* general C type representing a Nit method. */")
-               v.add_decl("typedef void* nitattribute_t; /* general C type representing a Nit attribute. */")
-               v.add_decl("struct class \{ nitmethod_t vft[1]; \}; /* general C type representing a Nit class. */")
-               v.add_decl("typedef struct \{ struct class *class; nitattribute_t attrs[1]; \} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
+               var s = new Buffer
+               var ss = new Buffer
 
-               # Class names (for the class_name and output_class_name methods)
+               var recv = arguments.first
+               s.append("val*")
+               ss.append("{recv}")
+               self.varargize(mmethod.intro, mmethod.intro.msignature.as(not null), arguments)
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var a = arguments[i+1]
+                       var t = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
+                               t = arguments[i+1].mcasttype
+                       end
+                       s.append(", {t.ctype}")
+                       a = self.autobox(a, t)
+                       ss.append(", {a}")
+               end
 
-               v.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
-               v.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
-               for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
-                       v.add("\"{t}\",")
+               var consider_null = not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value or mmethod.name == "==" or mmethod.name == "!="
+               var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType and consider_null
+               if maybenull then
+                       self.add("if ({recv} == NULL) \{")
+                       if mmethod.name == "==" then
+                               assert res != null
+                               var arg = arguments[1]
+                               if arg.mcasttype isa MNullableType then
+                                       self.add("{res} = ({arg} == NULL);")
+                               else if arg.mcasttype isa MNullType then
+                                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* is null */")
+                               else
+                                       self.add("{res} = 0; /* {arg.inspect} cannot be null */")
+                               end
+                       else if mmethod.name == "!=" then
+                               assert res != null
+                               var arg = arguments[1]
+                               if arg.mcasttype isa MNullableType then
+                                       self.add("{res} = ({arg} != NULL);")
+                               else if arg.mcasttype isa MNullType then
+                                       self.add("{res} = 0; /* is null */")
+                               else
+                                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* {arg.inspect} cannot be null */")
+                               end
+                       else
+                               self.add_abort("Reciever is null")
+                       end
+                       self.add("\} else \{")
+               end
+               if not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_shortcut_equate.value and (mmethod.name == "==" or mmethod.name == "!=") then
+                       assert res != null
+                       # Recv is not null, thus is arg is, it is easy to conclude (and respect the invariants)
+                       var arg = arguments[1]
+                       if arg.mcasttype isa MNullType then
+                               if mmethod.name == "==" then
+                                       self.add("{res} = 0; /* arg is null but recv is not */")
+                               else
+                                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* arg is null and recv is not */")
+                               end
+                               if maybenull then
+                                       self.add("\}")
+                               end
+                               return res
+                       end
                end
-               v.add("\};")
 
-               # The main function of the C
+               var r
+               if ret == null then r = "void" else r = ret.ctype
+               var call = "(({r} (*)({s}))({arguments.first}->class->vft[{mmethod.const_color}]))({ss}) /* {mmethod} on {arguments.first.inspect}*/"
 
-               v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
-               v.add_decl("int glob_argc;")
-               v.add_decl("char **glob_argv;")
-               v.add_decl("val *glob_sys;")
-               v.add_decl("int main(int argc, char** argv) \{")
-               v.add("glob_argc = argc; glob_argv = argv;")
-               var main_type = mainmodule.sys_type
-               if main_type == null then return # Nothing to compile
-               var glob_sys = v.init_instance(main_type)
-               v.add("glob_sys = {glob_sys};")
-               var main_init = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("init", main_type)
-               if main_init != null then
-                       v.send(main_init, [glob_sys])
-               end
-               var main_method = mainmodule.try_get_primitive_method("main", main_type)
-               if main_method != null then
-                       v.send(main_method, [glob_sys])
+               if res != null then
+                       self.add("{res} = {call};")
+               else
+                       self.add("{call};")
                end
-               v.add("\}")
 
+               if maybenull then
+                       self.add("\}")
+               end
 
-               for m in mainmodule.in_importation.greaters do
-                       compiler.compile_module_to_c(m)
-                       for mclass in m.intro_mclasses do
-                               compiler.compile_class_to_c(mclass)
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun call(mmethoddef, recvtype, arguments)
+       do
+               var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
+               var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
+               if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
+                       ret = arguments.first.mtype
+                       res = self.new_var(ret)
+               else if ret == null then
+                       res = null
+               else
+                       ret = ret.resolve_for(mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+                       res = self.new_var(ret)
+               end
+
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef.has_key(mmethoddef) and
+               self.compiler.modelbuilder.mpropdef2npropdef[mmethoddef] isa AInternMethPropdef and
+               not compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_inline_intern.value then
+                       var frame = new Frame(self, mmethoddef, recvtype, arguments)
+                       frame.returnlabel = self.get_name("RET_LABEL")
+                       frame.returnvar = res
+                       var old_frame = self.frame
+                       self.frame = frame
+                       self.add("\{ /* Inline {mmethoddef} ({arguments.join(",")}) */")
+                       mmethoddef.compile_inside_to_c(self, arguments)
+                       self.add("{frame.returnlabel.as(not null)}:(void)0;")
+                       self.add("\}")
+                       self.frame = old_frame
+                       return res
+               end
+
+               # Autobox arguments
+               self.adapt_signature(mmethoddef, arguments)
+
+               if res == null then
+                       self.add("{mmethoddef.c_name}({arguments.join(", ")});")
+                       return null
+               else
+                       self.add("{res} = {mmethoddef.c_name}({arguments.join(", ")});")
+               end
+
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun vararg_instance(mpropdef, recv, varargs, elttype)
+       do
+               # A vararg must be stored into an new array
+               # The trick is that the dymaic type of the array may depends on the receiver
+               # of the method (ie recv) if the static type is unresolved
+               # This is more complex than usual because the unanchored type must not be resolved
+               # with the current receiver (ie self).
+               # Therefore to isolate the resolution from self, a local Frame is created.
+               # One can see this implementation as an inlined method of the receiver whose only
+               # job is to allocate the array
+               var old_frame = self.frame
+               var frame = new Frame(self, mpropdef, mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, [recv])
+               self.frame = frame
+               #print "required Array[{elttype}] for recv {recv.inspect}. bound=Array[{self.resolve_for(elttype, recv)}]. selfvar={frame.arguments.first.inspect}"
+               var res = self.array_instance(varargs, elttype)
+               self.frame = old_frame
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun isset_attribute(a, recv)
+       do
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
+               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
+
+               # What is the declared type of the attribute?
+               var mtype = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
+               var intromclassdef = a.intro.mclassdef
+               mtype = mtype.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
+               if mtype isa MNullableType then
+                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* easy isset: {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       return res
+               end
+
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_union_attribute.value then
+                       self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}] != NULL; /* {a} on {recv.inspect}*/")
+               else
+
+                       if mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                               self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}].val != NULL; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       else
+                               self.add("{res} = 1; /* NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: isset of primitives: {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       end
+               end
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun read_attribute(a, recv)
+       do
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
+
+               # What is the declared type of the attribute?
+               var ret = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
+               var intromclassdef = a.intro.mclassdef
+               ret = ret.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_union_attribute.value then
+                       # Get the attribute or a box (ie. always a val*)
+                       var cret = self.object_type.as_nullable
+                       var res = self.new_var(cret)
+                       res.mcasttype = ret
+
+                       self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}]; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+
+                       # Check for Uninitialized attribute
+                       if not ret isa MNullableType and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then
+                               self.add("if ({res} == NULL) \{")
+                               self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
+                               self.add("\}")
+                       end
+
+                       # Return the attribute or its unboxed version
+                       # Note: it is mandatory since we reuse the box on write, we do not whant that the box escapes
+                       return self.autobox(res, ret)
+               else
+                       var res = self.new_var(ret)
+                       self.add("{res} = {recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}].{ret.ctypename}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+
+                       # Check for Uninitialized attribute
+                       if ret.ctype == "val*" and not ret isa MNullableType and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then
+                               self.add("if ({res} == NULL) \{")
+                               self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
+                               self.add("\}")
+                       end
+
+                       return res
+               end
+       end
+
+       redef fun write_attribute(a, recv, value)
+       do
+               self.check_recv_notnull(recv)
+
+               # What is the declared type of the attribute?
+               var mtype = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
+               var intromclassdef = a.intro.mclassdef
+               mtype = mtype.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
+               # Adapt the value to the declared type
+               value = self.autobox(value, mtype)
+
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_union_attribute.value then
+                       var attr = "{recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}]"
+                       if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                               assert mtype isa MClassType
+                               # The attribute is primitive, thus we store it in a box
+                               # The trick is to create the box the first time then resuse the box
+                               self.add("if ({attr} != NULL) \{")
+                               self.add("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){attr})->value = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                               self.add("\} else \{")
+                               value = self.autobox(value, self.object_type.as_nullable)
+                               self.add("{attr} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                               self.add("\}")
+                       else
+                               # The attribute is not primitive, thus store it direclty
+                               self.add("{attr} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+                       end
+               else
+                       self.add("{recv}->attrs[{a.const_color}].{mtype.ctypename} = {value}; /* {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Build livetype structure retrieving
+       # ENSURE: mtype.need_anchor
+       fun retrieve_anchored_livetype(mtype: MGenericType, buffer: Buffer) do
+               assert mtype.need_anchor
+
+               var compiler = self.compiler
+               for ft in mtype.arguments do
+
+                       var ntype = ft
+                       var s: String = ""
+                       if ntype isa MNullableType then
+                               ntype = ntype.mtype
+                       end
+
+                       var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
+                       var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
+                       if ntype isa MParameterType then
+                               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                                       buffer.append("[{recv_type_info}->fts_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->fts_table->mask, {ntype.const_color})]->livecolor]")
+                               else
+                                       buffer.append("[{recv_type_info}->fts_table->types[{ntype.const_color}]->livecolor]")
+                               end
+                       else if ntype isa MVirtualType then
+                               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                                       buffer.append("[{recv_type_info}->vts_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->vts_table->mask, {ntype.mproperty.const_color})]->livecolor]")
+                               else
+                                       buffer.append("[{recv_type_info}->vts_table->types[{ntype.mproperty.const_color}]->livecolor]")
+                               end
+                       else if ntype isa MGenericType and ntype.need_anchor then
+                               var bbuff = new Buffer
+                               retrieve_anchored_livetype(ntype, bbuff)
+                               buffer.append("[livetypes_{ntype.mclass.c_name}{bbuff.to_s}->livecolor]")
+                       else if ntype isa MClassType then
+                               compiler.undead_types.add(ft)
+                               buffer.append("[type_{ft.c_name}.livecolor]")
+                       else
+                               self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: init_instance(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{ft}\"); exit(1);")
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
+       redef fun init_instance(mtype)
+       do
+               var compiler = self.compiler
+               if mtype isa MGenericType and mtype.need_anchor then
+                       link_unanchored_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, mtype)
+                       var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
+                       var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->mask, {mtype.const_color})])", mtype)
+                       else
+                               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[{mtype.const_color}])", mtype)
+                       end
+               end
+               compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
+               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}((struct type *) &type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
+       end
+
+       redef fun check_init_instance(value, mtype)
+       do
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+               self.add("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({value});")
+       end
+
+       redef fun type_test(value, mtype, tag)
+       do
+               self.add("/* {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")
+               var compiler = self.compiler
+
+               var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
+               var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
+
+               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
+
+               var cltype = self.get_name("cltype")
+               self.add_decl("int {cltype};")
+               var idtype = self.get_name("idtype")
+               self.add_decl("int {idtype};")
+
+               var maybe_null = self.maybe_null(value)
+               var accept_null = "0"
+               var ntype = mtype
+               if ntype isa MNullableType then
+                       ntype = ntype.mtype
+                       accept_null = "1"
+               end
+
+               if value.mcasttype.is_subtype(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mtype) then
+                       self.add("{res} = 1; /* easy {value.inspect} isa {mtype}*/")
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                               self.compiler.count_type_test_skipped[tag] += 1
+                               self.add("count_type_test_skipped_{tag}++;")
+                       end
+                       return res
+               end
+
+               if ntype.need_anchor then
+                       var type_struct = self.get_name("type_struct")
+                       self.add_decl("struct type* {type_struct};")
+
+                       # Either with unanchored_table with a direct resolution
+                       link_unanchored_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, ntype)
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->mask, {ntype.const_color})];")
+                       else
+                               self.add("{type_struct} = {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[{ntype.const_color}];")
+                       end
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                               self.compiler.count_type_test_unresolved[tag] += 1
+                               self.add("count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}++;")
+                       end
+                       self.add("{cltype} = {type_struct}->color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = {type_struct}->id;")
+                       if maybe_null and accept_null == "0" then
+                               var is_nullable = self.get_name("is_nullable")
+                               self.add_decl("short int {is_nullable};")
+                               self.add("{is_nullable} = {type_struct}->is_nullable;")
+                               accept_null = is_nullable.to_s
+                       end
+               else if ntype isa MClassType then
+                       compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
+                       self.add("{cltype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.color;")
+                       self.add("{idtype} = type_{mtype.c_name}.id;")
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                               self.compiler.count_type_test_resolved[tag] += 1
+                               self.add("count_type_test_resolved_{tag}++;")
+                       end
+               else
+                       self.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s, {mtype}).\\n\", \"{value.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
+               end
+
+               # check color is in table
+               if maybe_null then
+                       self.add("if({value} == NULL) \{")
+                       self.add("{res} = {accept_null};")
+                       self.add("\} else \{")
+               end
+               var value_type_info = self.type_info(value)
+               if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                       self.add("{cltype} = HASH({value_type_info}->color, {idtype});")
+               end
+               self.add("if({cltype} >= {value_type_info}->table_size) \{")
+               self.add("{res} = 0;")
+               self.add("\} else \{")
+               self.add("{res} = {value_type_info}->type_table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
+               self.add("\}")
+               if maybe_null then
+                       self.add("\}")
+               end
+
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun is_same_type_test(value1, value2)
+       do
+               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
+               # Swap values to be symetric
+               if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" and value1.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       var tmp = value1
+                       value1 = value2
+                       value2 = tmp
+               end
+               if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
+                               self.add("{res} = 1; /* is_same_type_test: compatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype} */")
+                       else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                               self.add("{res} = 0; /* is_same_type_test: incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
+                       else
+                               var mtype1 = value1.mtype.as(MClassType)
+                               self.add("{res} = ({value2} != NULL) && ({value2}->class == (struct class*) &class_{mtype1.c_name}); /* is_same_type_test */")
+                       end
+               else
+                       self.add("{res} = ({value1} == {value2}) || ({value1} != NULL && {value2} != NULL && {value1}->class == {value2}->class); /* is_same_type_test */")
+               end
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun class_name_string(value)
+       do
+               var res = self.get_name("var_class_name")
+               self.add_decl("const char* {res};")
+               if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       self.add "{res} = {value} == NULL ? \"null\" : {value}->type->name;"
+               else
+                       self.add "{res} = type_{value.mtype.c_name}.name;"
+               end
+               return res
+       end
+
+       redef fun equal_test(value1, value2)
+       do
+               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
+               if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" and value1.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
+                       var tmp = value1
+                       value1 = value2
+                       value2 = tmp
+               end
+               if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
+                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
+                       else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
+                               self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
+                       else
+                               var mtype1 = value1.mtype.as(MClassType)
+                               self.add("{res} = ({value2} != NULL) && ({value2}->class == (struct class*) &class_{mtype1.c_name});")
+                               self.add("if ({res}) \{")
+                               self.add("{res} = ({self.autobox(value2, value1.mtype)} == {value1});")
+                               self.add("\}")
+                       end
+                       return res
+               end
+               var maybe_null = true
+               var test = new Array[String]
+               var t1 = value1.mcasttype
+               if t1 isa MNullableType then
+                       test.add("{value1} != NULL")
+                       t1 = t1.mtype
+               else
+                       maybe_null = false
+               end
+               var t2 = value2.mcasttype
+               if t2 isa MNullableType then
+                       test.add("{value2} != NULL")
+                       t2 = t2.mtype
+               else
+                       maybe_null = false
+               end
+
+               var incompatible = false
+               var primitive
+               if t1.ctype != "val*" then
+                       primitive = t1
+                       if t1 == t2 then
+                               # No need to compare class
+                       else if t2.ctype != "val*" then
+                               incompatible = true
+                       else if can_be_primitive(value2) then
+                               test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
+                       else
+                               incompatible = true
+                       end
+               else if t2.ctype != "val*" then
+                       primitive = t2
+                       if can_be_primitive(value1) then
+                               test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
+                       else
+                               incompatible = true
+                       end
+               else
+                       primitive = null
+               end
+
+               if incompatible then
+                       if maybe_null then
+                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2}; /* incompatible types {t1} vs. {t2}; but may be NULL*/")
+                               return res
+                       else
+                               self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {t1} vs. {t2}; cannot be NULL */")
+                               return res
                        end
                end
-
-               write_and_make(compiler)
-       end
-end
-
-# Singleton that store the knowledge about the separate compilation process
-class SeparateCompiler
-       super GlobalCompiler # TODO better separation of concerns
-
-       # Separately compile all the method definitions of the module
-       fun compile_module_to_c(mmodule: MModule)
-       do
-               for cd in mmodule.mclassdefs do
-                       for pd in cd.mpropdefs do
-                               if not pd isa MMethodDef then continue
-                               #print "compile {pd} @ {cd} @ {mmodule}"
-                               var r = new SeparateRuntimeFunction(pd)
-                               r.compile_to_c(self)
-                               if cd.bound_mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                                       var r2 = new VirtualRuntimeFunction(pd)
-                                       r2.compile_to_c(self)
-                               end
+               if primitive != null then
+                       test.add("((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{primitive.c_name}*){value2})->value")
+               else if can_be_primitive(value1) and can_be_primitive(value2) then
+                       test.add("{value1}->class == {value2}->class")
+                       var s = new Array[String]
+                       for t, v in self.compiler.box_kinds do
+                               s.add "({value1}->class->box_kind == {v} && ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value1})->value == ((struct instance_{t.c_name}*){value2})->value)"
                        end
+                       test.add("({s.join(" || ")})")
+               else
+                       self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
+                       return res
                end
+               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2} || ({test.join(" && ")});")
+               return res
        end
 
-       # Globally compile the table of the class mclass
-       # In a link-time optimisation compiler, tables are globally computed
-       # In a true separate compiler (a with dynamic loading) you cannot do this unfortnally
-       fun compile_class_to_c(mclass: MClass)
+       fun can_be_primitive(value: RuntimeVariable): Bool
        do
-               var mtype = mclass.mclassdefs.first.bound_mtype
-               var c_name = mclass.mclass_type.c_name
-
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(self)
-
-               v.add_decl("/* runtime class {mtype} */")
-               var idnum = classids.length
-               var idname = "ID_" + c_name
-               self.classids[mtype] = idname
-               self.header.add_decl("#define {idname} {idnum} /* {mtype} */")
-
-               self.header.add_decl("struct class_{c_name} \{")
-               self.header.add_decl("nitmethod_t vft[{mclass.vft.length}];")
+               var t = value.mcasttype
+               if t isa MNullableType then t = t.mtype
+               if not t isa MClassType then return false
+               var k = t.mclass.kind
+               return k == interface_kind or t.ctype != "val*"
+       end
 
-               if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       # Is the Nit type is native then the struct is a box with two fields:
-                       # * the `vft` to be polymorph
-                       # * the `value` that contains the native value.
-                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
-               end
+       fun maybe_null(value: RuntimeVariable): Bool
+       do
+               var t = value.mcasttype
+               return t isa MNullableType or t isa MNullType
+       end
 
-               # Collect all attributes and associate them a field in the structure.
-               # Note: we do not try to optimize the order and helps CC to optimize the client code.
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule) do
-                       for p in cd.intro_mproperties do
-                               if not p isa MAttribute then continue
-                               var t = p.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
-                               t = t.anchor_to(self.mainmodule, mtype)
-                               self.header.add_decl("{t.ctype} {p.intro.c_name}; /* {p}: {t} */")
-                       end
+       redef fun array_instance(array, elttype)
+       do
+               var nclass = self.get_class("NativeArray")
+               var arrayclass = self.get_class("Array")
+               var arraytype = arrayclass.get_mtype([elttype])
+               var res = self.init_instance(arraytype)
+               self.add("\{ /* {res} = array_instance Array[{elttype}] */")
+               var length = self.int_instance(array.length)
+               var nat = native_array_instance(elttype, length)
+               for i in [0..array.length[ do
+                       var r = self.autobox(array[i], self.object_type)
+                       self.add("((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){nat})->values[{i}] = (val*) {r};")
                end
-               self.header.add_decl("\};")
+               self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arrayclass.intro.bound_mtype), [res, nat, length])
+               self.check_init_instance(res, arraytype)
+               self.add("\}")
+               return res
+       end
 
-               # Build class vft
-               self.header.add_decl("extern const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name};")
-               v.add_decl("const struct class_{c_name} class_{c_name} = \{")
-               v.add_decl("\{")
-               for i in [0 .. mclass.vft.length[ do
-                       var mpropdef = mclass.vft[i]
-                       if mpropdef == null then
-                               v.add_decl("NULL, /* empty */")
+       fun native_array_instance(elttype: MType, length: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable
+       do
+               var mtype = self.get_class("NativeArray").get_mtype([elttype])
+               assert mtype isa MGenericType
+               var compiler = self.compiler
+               if mtype.need_anchor then
+                       link_unanchored_type(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef, mtype)
+                       var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
+                       var recv_type_info = self.type_info(recv)
+                       if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phmod_typing.value or compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_phand_typing.value then
+                               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({length}, (struct type *) {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[HASH({recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->mask, {mtype.const_color})])", mtype)
                        else
-                               if mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                                       v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t)VIRTUAL_{mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
-                               else
-                                       v.add_decl("(nitmethod_t){mpropdef.c_name}, /* pointer to {mclass.intro_mmodule}:{mclass}:{mpropdef} */")
-                               end
+                               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({length}, (struct type *) {recv_type_info}->unanchored_table->types[{mtype.const_color}])", mtype)
                        end
                end
-               v.add_decl("\}")
-               v.add_decl("\};")
-
-               if mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       #Build instance struct
-                       self.header.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
-                       self.header.add_decl("const struct class_{c_name} *class;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} value;")
-                       self.header.add_decl("\};")
+               compiler.undead_types.add(mtype)
+               return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}({length}, (struct type *) &type_{mtype.c_name})", mtype)
+       end
 
-                       self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
-                       v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-                       v.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} value) \{")
-                       v.add("struct instance_{c_name}*res = GC_MALLOC(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}));")
-                       v.add("res->class = &class_{c_name};")
-                       v.add("res->value = value;")
-                       v.add("return (val*)res;")
-                       v.add("\}")
+       redef fun native_array_def(pname, ret_type, arguments)
+       do
+               var elttype = arguments.first.mtype
+               var nclass = self.get_class("NativeArray")
+               var recv = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){arguments[0]})->values"
+               if pname == "[]" then
+                       self.ret(self.new_expr("{recv}[{arguments[1]}]", ret_type.as(not null)))
+                       return
+               else if pname == "[]=" then
+                       self.add("{recv}[{arguments[1]}]={arguments[2]};")
+                       return
+               else if pname == "copy_to" then
+                       var recv1 = "((struct instance_{nclass.c_name}*){arguments[1]})->values"
+                       self.add("memcpy({recv1}, {recv}, {arguments[2]}*sizeof({elttype.ctype}));")
                        return
                end
+       end
 
-               #Build instance struct
-               v.add_decl("struct instance_{c_name} \{")
-               v.add_decl("const struct class_{c_name} *class;")
-               v.add_decl("nitattribute_t attrs[{mclass.attrs.length}];")
-               v.add_decl("\};")
-
-
-               self.header.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void);")
-               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
-               v.add_decl("{mtype.ctype} NEW_{c_name}(void) \{")
-               var res = v.new_var(mtype)
-               res.is_exact = true
-               v.add("{res} = calloc(sizeof(struct instance_{c_name}), 1);")
-               v.add("{res}->class = (struct class*) &class_{c_name};")
+       redef fun calloc_array(ret_type, arguments)
+       do
+               var mclass = self.get_class("ArrayCapable")
+               var ft = mclass.mclass_type.arguments.first.as(MParameterType)
+               var res = self.native_array_instance(ft, arguments[1])
+               self.ret(res)
+       end
 
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
-               do
-                       var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
-                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
-                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       npropdef.init_expr(v, res)
-                               end
-                       end
+       fun link_unanchored_type(mclassdef: MClassDef, mtype: MType) do
+               assert mtype.need_anchor
+               var compiler = self.compiler
+               if not compiler.live_unanchored_types.has_key(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef) then
+                       compiler.live_unanchored_types[self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef] = new HashSet[MType]
                end
-               v.add("return {res};")
-               v.add("\}")
+               compiler.live_unanchored_types[self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef].add(mtype)
        end
 end
 
@@ -230,10 +1519,7 @@ end
 class SeparateRuntimeFunction
        super AbstractRuntimeFunction
 
-       redef fun build_c_name: String
-       do
-               return "{mmethoddef.c_name}"
-       end
+       redef fun build_c_name: String do return "{mmethoddef.c_name}"
 
        redef fun to_s do return self.mmethoddef.to_s
 
@@ -242,17 +1528,18 @@ class SeparateRuntimeFunction
                var mmethoddef = self.mmethoddef
 
                var recv = self.mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                var selfvar = new RuntimeVariable("self", recv, recv)
                var arguments = new Array[RuntimeVariable]
                var frame = new Frame(v, mmethoddef, recv, arguments)
                v.frame = frame
 
+               var msignature = mmethoddef.msignature.resolve_for(mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mmethoddef.mclassdef.mmodule, true)
+
                var sig = new Buffer
                var comment = new Buffer
-               var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
+               var ret = msignature.return_mtype
                if ret != null then
-                       ret = v.resolve_for(ret, selfvar)
                        sig.append("{ret.ctype} ")
                else if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
                        ret = recv
@@ -261,15 +1548,14 @@ class SeparateRuntimeFunction
                        sig.append("void ")
                end
                sig.append(self.c_name)
-               sig.append("({selfvar.mtype.ctype} self")
-               comment.append("(self: {recv}")
+               sig.append("({selfvar.mtype.ctype} {selfvar}")
+               comment.append("(self: {selfvar}")
                arguments.add(selfvar)
-               for i in [0..mmethoddef.msignature.arity[ do
-                       var mtype = mmethoddef.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-                       if i == mmethoddef.msignature.vararg_rank then
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var mtype = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
                                mtype = v.get_class("Array").get_mtype([mtype])
                        end
-                       mtype = v.resolve_for(mtype, selfvar)
                        comment.append(", {mtype}")
                        sig.append(", {mtype.ctype} p{i}")
                        var argvar = new RuntimeVariable("p{i}", mtype, mtype)
@@ -307,10 +1593,7 @@ end
 class VirtualRuntimeFunction
        super AbstractRuntimeFunction
 
-       redef fun build_c_name: String
-       do
-               return "VIRTUAL_{mmethoddef.c_name}"
-       end
+       redef fun build_c_name: String do return "VIRTUAL_{mmethoddef.c_name}"
 
        redef fun to_s do return self.mmethoddef.to_s
 
@@ -319,7 +1602,7 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
                var mmethoddef = self.mmethoddef
 
                var recv = self.mmethoddef.mclassdef.bound_mtype
-               var v = new SeparateCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                var selfvar = new RuntimeVariable("self", v.object_type, recv)
                var arguments = new Array[RuntimeVariable]
                var frame = new Frame(v, mmethoddef, recv, arguments)
@@ -327,9 +1610,12 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
 
                var sig = new Buffer
                var comment = new Buffer
-               var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
+
+               # Because the function is virtual, the signature must match the one of the original class
+               var intromclassdef = self.mmethoddef.mproperty.intro.mclassdef
+               var msignature = mmethoddef.mproperty.intro.msignature.resolve_for(intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.bound_mtype, intromclassdef.mmodule, true)
+               var ret = msignature.return_mtype
                if ret != null then
-                       ret = v.resolve_for(ret, selfvar)
                        sig.append("{ret.ctype} ")
                else if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
                        ret = recv
@@ -338,15 +1624,14 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
                        sig.append("void ")
                end
                sig.append(self.c_name)
-               sig.append("({selfvar.mtype.ctype} self")
-               comment.append("(self: {recv}")
+               sig.append("({selfvar.mtype.ctype} {selfvar}")
+               comment.append("(self: {selfvar}")
                arguments.add(selfvar)
-               for i in [0..mmethoddef.msignature.arity[ do
-                       var mtype = mmethoddef.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-                       if i == mmethoddef.msignature.vararg_rank then
+               for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
+                       var mtype = msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
+                       if i == msignature.vararg_rank then
                                mtype = v.get_class("Array").get_mtype([mtype])
                        end
-                       mtype = v.resolve_for(mtype, selfvar)
                        comment.append(", {mtype}")
                        sig.append(", {mtype.ctype} p{i}")
                        var argvar = new RuntimeVariable("p{i}", mtype, mtype)
@@ -378,215 +1663,14 @@ class VirtualRuntimeFunction
                v.add("\}")
        end
 
-       redef fun call(v, arguments)
-       do
-               abort
-               # TODO ?
-       end
+       # TODO ?
+       redef fun call(v, arguments) do abort
 end
 
-# A visitor on the AST of property definition that generate the C code of a separate compilation process.
-class SeparateCompilerVisitor
-       super GlobalCompilerVisitor # TODO better separation of concerns
-
-       redef fun adapt_signature(m: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])
-       do
-               var recv = args.first
-               if recv.mtype.ctype != m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type.ctype then
-                       args.first = self.autobox(args.first, m.mclassdef.mclass.mclass_type)
-               end
-               for i in [0..m.msignature.arity[ do
-                       var t = m.msignature.mparameters[i].mtype
-                       if i == m.msignature.vararg_rank then
-                               t = args[i+1].mtype
-                       end
-                       t = self.resolve_for(t, recv)
-                       args[i+1] = self.autobox(args[i+1], t)
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Box or unbox a value to another type iff a C type conversion is needed
-       # ENSURE: result.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype
-       redef fun autobox(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable
-       do
-               if value.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype then
-                       return value
-               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       return self.new_expr("((struct instance_{mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
-               else if mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       var valtype = value.mtype.as(MClassType)
-                       var res = self.new_var(mtype)
-                       if not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(valtype) then
-                               self.add("/*no autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
-                               self.add("printf(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); exit(1);")
-                               return res
-                       end
-                       self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* autobox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */")
-                       return res
-               else
-                       # Bad things will appen!
-                       var res = self.new_var(mtype)
-                       self.add("/* {res} left unintialized (cannot convert {value.mtype} to {mtype}) */")
-                       self.add("printf(\"Cast error: Cannot cast %s to %s.\\n\", \"{value.mtype}\", \"{mtype}\"); exit(1);")
-                       return res
-               end
-       end
-
-       redef fun send(mmethod, arguments)
-       do
-               if arguments.first.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       assert arguments.first.mtype == arguments.first.mcasttype
-                       return self.monomorphic_send(mmethod, arguments.first.mtype, arguments)
-               end
-
-               var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
-               var ret = mmethod.intro.msignature.return_mtype
-               if mmethod.is_new then
-                       ret = arguments.first.mtype
-                       res = self.new_var(ret)
-               else if ret == null then
-                       res = null
-               else
-                       ret = self.resolve_for(ret, arguments.first)
-                       res = self.new_var(ret)
-               end
-
-               var s = new Buffer
-               var ss = new Buffer
-               var first = true
-               for a in arguments do
-                       if not first then
-                               s.append(", ")
-                               ss.append(", ")
-                       else
-                               first = false
-                       end
-                       s.append("{a.mtype.ctype}")
-                       ss.append("{a}")
-               end
-
-               var color = mmethod.color.as(not null)
-               var r
-               if ret == null then r = "void" else r = ret.ctype
-               var call = "(({r} (*)({s}))({arguments.first}->class->vft[{color}]))({ss})"
-
-               if res != null then
-                       self.add("{res} = {call};")
-               else
-                       self.add("{call};")
-               end
-
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun call(mmethoddef, recvtype, arguments)
-       do
-               var res: nullable RuntimeVariable
-               var ret = mmethoddef.msignature.return_mtype
-               if mmethoddef.mproperty.is_new then
-                       ret = arguments.first.mtype
-                       res = self.new_var(ret)
-               else if ret == null then
-                       res = null
-               else
-                       ret = self.resolve_for(ret, arguments.first)
-                       res = self.new_var(ret)
-               end
-
-               # Autobox arguments
-               self.adapt_signature(mmethoddef, arguments)
-
-               if res == null then
-                       self.add("{mmethoddef.c_name}({arguments.join(", ")});")
-                       return null
-               else
-                       self.add("{res} = {mmethoddef.c_name}({arguments.join(", ")});")
-               end
-
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun read_attribute(a, recv)
-       do
-               # FIXME: Here we inconditionally return boxed primitive attributes
-               var ret = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
-               ret = self.resolve_for(ret, recv)
-               var cret = self.object_type.as_nullable
-               var res = self.new_var(cret)
-               res.mcasttype = ret
-               self.add("{res} = (val*) {recv}->attrs[{a.color.as(not null)}];")
-               if not ret isa MNullableType then
-                       self.add("if ({res} == NULL) \{")
-                       self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
-                       self.add("\}")
-               end
-
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun write_attribute(a, recv, value)
-       do
-               # FIXME: Here we inconditionally box primitive attributes
-               value = self.autobox(value, self.object_type.as_nullable)
-               self.add("{recv}->attrs[{a.color.as(not null)}] = {value};")
-       end
-
-       redef fun init_instance(mtype)
-       do
-               mtype = self.anchor(mtype).as(MClassType)
-               var res = self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.c_name}()", mtype)
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun type_test(value, mtype)
-       do
-               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
-               # TODO
-               add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: type_test(%s,%s).\\n\", \"{value.inspect}\", \"{mtype}\"); exit(1);")
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun is_same_type_test(value1, value2)
-       do
-               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
-               # TODO
-               add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: is_same_type(%s,%s).\\n\", \"{value1.inspect}\", \"{value2.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun class_name_string(value1)
-       do
-               var res = self.get_name("var_class_name")
-               self.add_decl("const char* {res};")
-               # TODO
-               add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: class_name_string(%s).\\n\", \"{value1.inspect}\"); exit(1);")
-               return res
-       end
-
-       redef fun equal_test(value1, value2)
-       do
-               var res = self.new_var(bool_type)
-               if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" and value1.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
-                       var tmp = value1
-                       value1 = value2
-                       value2 = tmp
-               end
-               if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
-                               self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
-                       else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                               self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
-                       else
-                               var mtype1 = value1.mtype.as(MClassType)
-                               self.add("{res} = ({value2} != NULL) && ({value2}->class == (struct class*) &class_{mtype1.c_name});")
-                               self.add("if ({res}) \{")
-                               self.add("{res} = ({self.autobox(value2, value1.mtype)} == {value1});")
-                               self.add("\}")
-                       end
-               else
-                       self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
-               end
-               return res
-       end
+redef class MType
+       fun const_color: String do return "COLOR_{c_name}"
 end
 
+redef class MProperty
+       fun const_color: String do return "COLOR_{c_name}"
+end