niti, nitg & rta: use lookup_first_definition
[nit.git] / src / global_compiler.nit
index 49319cb..e09d040 100644 (file)
@@ -35,13 +35,39 @@ redef class ToolContext
        # --no-cc
        var opt_no_cc: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Do not invoke C compiler", "--no-cc")
 
+       # --make-flags
+       var opt_make_flags: OptionString = new OptionString("Additional options to make", "--make-flags")
+
        # --hardening
        var opt_hardening: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Generate contracts in the C code against bugs in the compiler", "--hardening")
 
+       # --no-shortcut-range
+       var opt_no_shortcut_range: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Always insantiate a range and its iterator on 'for' loops", "--no-shortcut-range")
+
+       # --no-check-covariance
+       var opt_no_check_covariance: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable type tests of covariant parameters (dangerous)", "--no-check-covariance")
+
+       # --no-check-initialization
+       var opt_no_check_initialization: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable isset tests at the end of constructors (dangerous)", "--no-check-initialization")
+
+       # --no-check-assert
+       var opt_no_check_assert: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable the evaluation of explicit 'assert' and 'as' (dangerous)", "--no-check-assert")
+
+       # --no-check-autocast
+       var opt_no_check_autocast: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable implicit casts on unsafe expression usage (dangerous)", "--no-check-autocast")
+
+       # --no-check-other
+       var opt_no_check_other: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Disable implicit tests: unset attribute, null receiver (dangerous)", "--no-check-other")
+
+       # --typing-test-metrics
+       var opt_typing_test_metrics: OptionBool = new OptionBool("Enable static and dynamic count of all type tests", "--typing-test-metrics")
+
        redef init
        do
                super
-               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_output, self.opt_no_cc, self.opt_hardening)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_output, self.opt_no_cc, self.opt_make_flags, self.opt_hardening, self.opt_no_shortcut_range)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_no_check_covariance, self.opt_no_check_initialization, self.opt_no_check_assert, self.opt_no_check_autocast, self.opt_no_check_other)
+               self.option_context.add_option(self.opt_typing_test_metrics)
        end
 end
 
@@ -55,47 +81,20 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING TO C ***", 1)
 
                var compiler = new GlobalCompiler(mainmodule, runtime_type_analysis, self)
-               var v = new GlobalCompilerVisitor(compiler)
-
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdlib.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <stdio.h>")
-               v.add_decl("#include <string.h>")
+               compiler.compile_header
+               var v = compiler.header
 
-               # TODO: Better way to activate the GC
-               v.add_decl("#include <gc/gc.h>")
-               #v.add_decl("#define GC_MALLOC(x) calloc(1, (x))")
-
-               # Declaration of structures the live Nit types
-               # Each live type is generated as an independent C `struct' type.
-               # They only share a common first field `classid` used to implement the polymorphism.
-               # Usualy, all C variables that refers to a Nit object are typed on the abstract struct `val' that contains only the `classid` field.
-
-               v.add_decl("typedef struct \{int classid;\} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
                for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
                        compiler.declare_runtimeclass(v, t)
                end
 
-               # Global variable used by the legacy native interface
-
-               v.add_decl("extern int glob_argc;")
-               v.add_decl("extern char **glob_argv;")
-               v.add_decl("extern val *glob_sys;")
-
-               # Class names (for the class_name and output_class_name methods)
-
-               v.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
-               v.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
-               for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
-                       v.add("\"{t}\", /* {compiler.classid(t)} */")
-               end
-               v.add("\};")
-               compiler.header = v
+               compiler.compile_class_names
 
                # Init instance code (allocate and init-arguments)
-
                for t in runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
                        if t.ctype == "val*" then
                                compiler.generate_init_instance(t)
+                               compiler.generate_check_init_instance(t)
                        else
                                compiler.generate_box_instance(t)
                        end
@@ -105,7 +104,6 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                compiler.compile_main_function
 
                # Compile until all runtime_functions are visited
-
                while not compiler.todos.is_empty do
                        var m = compiler.todos.shift
                        self.toolcontext.info("Compile {m} ({compiler.seen.length-compiler.todos.length}/{compiler.seen.length})", 3)
@@ -113,6 +111,8 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                end
                self.toolcontext.info("Total methods to compile to C: {compiler.visitors.length}", 2)
 
+               compiler.display_stats
+
                var time1 = get_time
                self.toolcontext.info("*** END VISITING: {time1-time0} ***", 2)
                write_and_make(compiler)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
                var i = 0
                for vis in compiler.visitors do
                        count += vis.lines.length
-                       if file == null or count > 10000 then
+                       if file == null or count > 10000 or vis.file_break then
                                i += 1
                                if file != null then file.close
                                var cfilename = ".nit_compile/{mainmodule.name}.{i}.c"
@@ -211,13 +211,15 @@ redef class ModelBuilder
 
                time0 = time1
                self.toolcontext.info("*** COMPILING C ***", 1)
-               self.toolcontext.info("make -B -f {makename} -j 4", 2)
+               var makeflags = self.toolcontext.opt_make_flags.value
+               if makeflags == null then makeflags = ""
+               self.toolcontext.info("make -B -f {makename} -j 4 {makeflags}", 2)
 
                var res
                if self.toolcontext.verbose_level >= 3 then
-                       res = sys.system("make -B -f {makename} -j 4 2>&1")
+                       res = sys.system("make -B -f {makename} -j 4 {makeflags} 2>&1")
                else
-                       res = sys.system("make -B -f {makename} -j 4 2>&1 >/dev/null")
+                       res = sys.system("make -B -f {makename} -j 4 {makeflags} 2>&1 >/dev/null")
                end
                if res != 0 then
                        toolcontext.error(null, "make failed! Error code: {res}.")
@@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ end
 # Singleton that store the knowledge about the compilation process
 class GlobalCompiler
        # The main module of the program
-       var mainmodule: MModule
+       var mainmodule: MModule writable
 
        # The result of the RTA (used to know live types and methods)
        var runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis
@@ -244,6 +246,7 @@ class GlobalCompiler
 
        init(mainmodule: MModule, runtime_type_analysis: RapidTypeAnalysis, modelbuilder: ModelBuilder)
        do
+               self.header = new_visitor
                self.mainmodule = mainmodule
                self.runtime_type_analysis = runtime_type_analysis
                self.modelbuilder = modelbuilder
@@ -255,6 +258,56 @@ class GlobalCompiler
                end
        end
 
+       # Force the creation of a new file
+       # The point is to avoid contamination between must-be-compiled-separately files
+       fun new_file
+       do
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               v.file_break = true
+       end
+
+       fun compile_header do
+               var v = self.header
+               self.header.add_decl("#include <stdlib.h>")
+               self.header.add_decl("#include <stdio.h>")
+               self.header.add_decl("#include <string.h>")
+               self.header.add_decl("#ifndef NOBOEHM")
+               self.header.add_decl("#include <gc/gc.h>")
+               self.header.add_decl("#ifdef NOBOEHM_ATOMIC")
+               self.header.add_decl("#undef GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC")
+               self.header.add_decl("#define GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC(x) GC_MALLOC(x)")
+               self.header.add_decl("#endif /*NOBOEHM_ATOMIC*/")
+               self.header.add_decl("#else /*NOBOEHM*/")
+               self.header.add_decl("#define GC_MALLOC(x) calloc(1, (x))")
+               self.header.add_decl("#define GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC(x) calloc(1, (x))")
+               self.header.add_decl("#endif /*NOBOEHM*/")
+
+               compile_header_structs
+
+               # Global variable used by the legacy native interface
+               self.header.add_decl("extern int glob_argc;")
+               self.header.add_decl("extern char **glob_argv;")
+               self.header.add_decl("extern val *glob_sys;")
+       end
+
+       # Class names (for the class_name and output_class_name methods)
+       protected fun compile_class_names do
+               self.header.add_decl("extern const char const * class_names[];")
+               self.header.add("const char const * class_names[] = \{")
+               for t in self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types do
+                       self.header.add("\"{t}\", /* {self.classid(t)} */")
+               end
+               self.header.add("\};")
+       end
+
+       # Declaration of structures the live Nit types
+       # Each live type is generated as an independent C `struct' type.
+       # They only share a common first field `classid` used to implement the polymorphism.
+       # Usualy, all C variables that refers to a Nit object are typed on the abstract struct `val' that contains only the `classid` field.
+       protected fun compile_header_structs do
+               self.header.add_decl("typedef struct \{int classid;\} val; /* general C type representing a Nit instance. */")
+       end
+
        # Subset of runtime_type_analysis.live_types that contains only primitive types
        # Used to implement the equal test
        var live_primitive_types: Array[MClassType]
@@ -275,7 +328,7 @@ class GlobalCompiler
        #
        # FIXME: should not be a vistor but just somewhere to store lines
        # FIXME: should not have a global .h since it does not help recompilations
-       var header: nullable GlobalCompilerVisitor writable = null
+       var header: GlobalCompilerVisitor writable
 
        # The list of all associated visitors
        # Used to generate .c files
@@ -342,7 +395,7 @@ class GlobalCompiler
        do
                assert self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype)
                assert mtype.ctype == "val*"
-               var v = new GlobalCompilerVisitor(self)
+               var v = self.new_visitor
 
                var is_native_array = mtype.mclass.name == "NativeArray"
 
@@ -366,24 +419,57 @@ class GlobalCompiler
                end
                v.add("{res}->classid = {self.classid(mtype)};")
 
+               self.generate_init_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("return {res};")
+               v.add("\}")
+       end
+
+       fun generate_check_init_instance(mtype: MClassType)
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+
+               var v = self.new_visitor
+               var res = new RuntimeVariable("self", mtype, mtype)
+               self.header.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
+               v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
+               v.add_decl("void CHECK_NEW_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype} {res}) \{")
+               self.generate_check_attr(v, res, mtype)
+               v.add("\}")
+       end
+
+       # Generate code that collect initialize the attributes on a new instance
+       fun generate_init_attr(v: GlobalCompilerVisitor, recv: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MClassType)
+       do
                for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
                do
                        var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
                        for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
                                if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       npropdef.init_expr(v, res)
+                                       npropdef.init_expr(v, recv)
+                               end
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
+       # Generate a check-init-instance
+       fun generate_check_attr(v: GlobalCompilerVisitor, recv: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MClassType)
+       do
+               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.mainmodule)
+               do
+                       var n = self.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
+                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
+                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
+                                       npropdef.check_expr(v, recv)
                                end
                        end
                end
-               v.add("return {res};")
-               v.add("\}")
        end
 
        fun generate_box_instance(mtype: MClassType)
        do
                assert self.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype)
                assert mtype.ctype != "val*"
-               var v = new GlobalCompilerVisitor(self)
+               var v = self.new_visitor
 
                self.header.add_decl("val* BOX_{mtype.c_name}({mtype.ctype});")
                v.add_decl("/* allocate {mtype} */")
@@ -422,6 +508,20 @@ class GlobalCompiler
        # Initialize a visitor specific for a compiler engine
        fun new_visitor: GlobalCompilerVisitor do return new GlobalCompilerVisitor(self)
 
+       var count_type_test_tags: Array[String] = ["isa", "as", "auto", "covariance", "erasure"]
+       var count_type_test_resolved: HashMap[String, Int] = init_count_type_test_tags
+       var count_type_test_unresolved: HashMap[String, Int] = init_count_type_test_tags
+       var count_type_test_skipped: HashMap[String, Int] = init_count_type_test_tags
+
+       private fun init_count_type_test_tags: HashMap[String, Int]
+       do
+               var res = new HashMap[String, Int]
+               for tag in count_type_test_tags do
+                       res[tag] = 0
+               end
+               return res
+       end
+
        # Generate the main C function.
        # This function:
        # allocate the Sys object if it exists
@@ -433,6 +533,17 @@ class GlobalCompiler
                v.add_decl("int glob_argc;")
                v.add_decl("char **glob_argv;")
                v.add_decl("val *glob_sys;")
+
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                       for tag in count_type_test_tags do
+                               v.add_decl("long count_type_test_resolved_{tag};")
+                               v.add_decl("long count_type_test_unresolved_{tag};")
+                               v.add_decl("long count_type_test_skipped_{tag};")
+                               v.compiler.header.add_decl("extern long count_type_test_resolved_{tag};")
+                               v.compiler.header.add_decl("extern long count_type_test_unresolved_{tag};")
+                               v.compiler.header.add_decl("extern long count_type_test_skipped_{tag};")
+                       end
+               end
                v.add_decl("int main(int argc, char** argv) \{")
                v.add("glob_argc = argc; glob_argv = argv;")
                var main_type = mainmodule.sys_type
@@ -449,11 +560,74 @@ class GlobalCompiler
                                v.send(main_method, [glob_sys])
                        end
                end
+
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                       v.add_decl("long count_type_test_resolved_total = 0;")
+                       v.add_decl("long count_type_test_unresolved_total = 0;")
+                       v.add_decl("long count_type_test_skipped_total = 0;")
+                       v.add_decl("long count_type_test_total_total = 0;")
+                       for tag in count_type_test_tags do
+                               v.add_decl("long count_type_test_total_{tag};")
+                               v.add("count_type_test_total_{tag} = count_type_test_resolved_{tag} + count_type_test_unresolved_{tag} + count_type_test_skipped_{tag};")
+                               v.add("count_type_test_resolved_total += count_type_test_resolved_{tag};")
+                               v.add("count_type_test_unresolved_total += count_type_test_unresolved_{tag};")
+                               v.add("count_type_test_skipped_total += count_type_test_skipped_{tag};")
+                               v.add("count_type_test_total_total += count_type_test_total_{tag};")
+                       end
+                       v.add("printf(\"# dynamic count_type_test: total %l\\n\");")
+                       v.add("printf(\"\\tresolved\\tunresolved\\tskipped\\ttotal\\n\");")
+                       var tags = count_type_test_tags.to_a
+                       tags.add("total")
+                       for tag in tags do
+                               v.add("printf(\"{tag}\");")
+                               v.add("printf(\"\\t%ld (%.2f%%)\", count_type_test_resolved_{tag}, 100.0*count_type_test_resolved_{tag}/count_type_test_total_total);")
+                               v.add("printf(\"\\t%ld (%.2f%%)\", count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}, 100.0*count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}/count_type_test_total_total);")
+                               v.add("printf(\"\\t%ld (%.2f%%)\", count_type_test_skipped_{tag}, 100.0*count_type_test_skipped_{tag}/count_type_test_total_total);")
+                               v.add("printf(\"\\t%ld (%.2f%%)\\n\", count_type_test_total_{tag}, 100.0*count_type_test_total_{tag}/count_type_test_total_total);")
+                       end
+               end
                v.add("return 0;")
                v.add("\}")
 
        end
 
+       fun div(a,b:Int):String
+       do
+               if b == 0 then return "n/a"
+               return ((a*10000/b).to_f / 100.0).to_precision(2)
+       end
+
+       fun display_stats
+       do
+               if self.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
+                       print "# static count_type_test"
+                       print "\tresolved:\tunresolved\tskipped\ttotal"
+                       var count_type_test_total = init_count_type_test_tags
+                       count_type_test_resolved["total"] = 0
+                       count_type_test_unresolved["total"] = 0
+                       count_type_test_skipped["total"] = 0
+                       count_type_test_total["total"] = 0
+                       for tag in count_type_test_tags do
+                               count_type_test_total[tag] = count_type_test_resolved[tag] + count_type_test_unresolved[tag] + count_type_test_skipped[tag]
+                               count_type_test_resolved["total"] += count_type_test_resolved[tag]
+                               count_type_test_unresolved["total"] += count_type_test_unresolved[tag]
+                               count_type_test_skipped["total"] += count_type_test_skipped[tag]
+                               count_type_test_total["total"] += count_type_test_total[tag]
+                       end
+                       var count_type_test = count_type_test_total["total"]
+                       var tags = count_type_test_tags.to_a
+                       tags.add("total")
+                       for tag in tags do
+                               printn tag
+                               printn "\t{count_type_test_resolved[tag]} ({div(count_type_test_resolved[tag],count_type_test)}%)"
+                               printn "\t{count_type_test_unresolved[tag]} ({div(count_type_test_unresolved[tag],count_type_test)}%)"
+                               printn "\t{count_type_test_skipped[tag]} ({div(count_type_test_skipped[tag],count_type_test)}%)"
+                               printn "\t{count_type_test_total[tag]} ({div(count_type_test_total[tag],count_type_test)}%)"
+                               print ""
+                       end
+               end
+       end
+
        private var collect_types_cache: HashMap[MType, Array[MClassType]] = new HashMap[MType, Array[MClassType]]
 end
 
@@ -521,6 +695,11 @@ redef class MType
                return "val*"
        end
 
+       fun ctypename: String
+       do
+               return "val"
+       end
+
        # Return the name of the C structure associated to a Nit live type
        # FIXME: move to GlobalCompiler so we can check that self is a live type
        fun c_name: String is abstract
@@ -558,6 +737,28 @@ redef class MClassType
                        return "val*"
                end
        end
+
+       redef fun ctypename: String
+       do
+               if mclass.name == "Int" then
+                       return "l"
+               else if mclass.name == "Bool" then
+                       return "s"
+               else if mclass.name == "Char" then
+                       return "c"
+               else if mclass.name == "Float" then
+                       return "d"
+               else if mclass.name == "NativeString" then
+                       return "str"
+               else if mclass.name == "NativeArray" then
+                       #return "{self.arguments.first.ctype}*"
+                       return "val"
+               else if mclass.kind == extern_kind then
+                       return "ptr"
+               else
+                       return "val"
+               end
+       end
 end
 
 redef class MGenericType
@@ -574,28 +775,6 @@ redef class MGenericType
        end
 end
 
-redef class MParameterType
-       redef fun c_name
-       do
-               var res = self.c_name_cache
-               if res != null then return res
-               res = "FT{self.rank}"
-               self.c_name_cache = res
-               return res
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MNullableType
-       redef fun c_name
-       do
-               var res = self.c_name_cache
-               if res != null then return res
-               res = "nullable_{self.mtype.c_name}"
-               self.c_name_cache = res
-               return res
-       end
-end
-
 # A C function associated to a Nit method
 # Because of customization, a given Nit method can be compiler more that once
 abstract class AbstractRuntimeFunction
@@ -689,7 +868,7 @@ private class CustomizedRuntimeFunction
                        abort
                end
 
-               var v = new GlobalCompilerVisitor(compiler)
+               var v = compiler.new_visitor
                var selfvar = new RuntimeVariable("self", recv, recv)
                if compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(recv) then
                        selfvar.is_exact = true
@@ -845,6 +1024,8 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                compiler.visitors.add(self)
        end
 
+       var file_break: Bool = false
+
        # Alias for self.compiler.mainmodule.object_type
        fun object_type: MClassType do return self.compiler.mainmodule.object_type
 
@@ -904,6 +1085,15 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                        mtype = self.anchor(mtype)
                        res = self.autobox(res, mtype)
                end
+               res = autoadapt(res, nexpr.mtype.as(not null))
+               var implicit_cast_to = nexpr.implicit_cast_to
+               if implicit_cast_to != null and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_autocast.value then
+                       var castres = self.type_test(res, implicit_cast_to, "auto")
+                       self.add("if (!{castres}) \{")
+                       self.add_abort("Cast failed")
+                       self.add("\}")
+                       res = autoadapt(res, implicit_cast_to)
+               end
                self.current_node = old
                return res
        end
@@ -933,7 +1123,9 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        # ENSURE: result.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype
        fun autobox(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable
        do
-               if value.mtype.ctype == mtype.ctype then
+               if value.mtype == mtype then
+                       return value
+               else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" and mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return value
                else if value.mtype.ctype == "val*" then
                        return self.new_expr("((struct {mtype.c_name}*){value})->value; /* autounbox from {value.mtype} to {mtype} */", mtype)
@@ -1139,6 +1331,8 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        # Add a check and an abort for a null reciever is needed
        fun check_recv_notnull(recv: RuntimeVariable)
        do
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value then return
+
                var maybenull = recv.mcasttype isa MNullableType or recv.mcasttype isa MNullType
                if maybenull then
                        self.add("if ({recv} == NULL) \{")
@@ -1147,6 +1341,12 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                end
        end
 
+       fun compile_callsite(callsite: CallSite, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable
+       do
+               var ret = self.send(callsite.mproperty, args)
+               return ret
+       end
+
        # Generate a polymorphic send for the method `m' and the arguments `args'
        fun send(m: MMethod, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable
        do
@@ -1171,18 +1371,13 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                                self.add("/* skip, no method {m} */")
                                return res
                        end
-                       var propdefs = m.lookup_definitions(self.compiler.mainmodule, mclasstype)
-                       if propdefs.length == 0 then
-                               self.add("/* skip, no method {m} */")
-                               return res
-                       end
-                       assert propdefs.length == 1
-                       var propdef = propdefs.first
+                       var propdef = m.lookup_first_definition(self.compiler.mainmodule, mclasstype)
                        var res2 = self.call(propdef, mclasstype, args)
                        if res != null then self.assign(res, res2.as(not null))
                        return res
                end
-               if args.first.mcasttype isa MNullableType or args.first.mcasttype isa MNullType then
+               var consider_null = not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value or m.name == "==" or m.name == "!="
+               if args.first.mcasttype isa MNullableType or args.first.mcasttype isa MNullType and consider_null then
                        # The reciever is potentially null, so we have to 3 cases: ==, != or NullPointerException
                        self.add("if ({args.first} == NULL) \{ /* Special null case */")
                        if m.name == "==" then
@@ -1209,7 +1404,10 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                        self.add "\} else"
                end
                if types.is_empty then
+                       self.add("\{")
                        self.add("/*BUG: no live types for {args.first.inspect} . {m}*/")
+                       self.bugtype(args.first)
+                       self.add("\}")
                        return res
                end
 
@@ -1217,15 +1415,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                var last = types.last
                var defaultpropdef: nullable MMethodDef = null
                for t in types do
-                       var propdefs = m.lookup_definitions(self.compiler.mainmodule, t)
-                       if propdefs.length == 0 then
-                               self.add("/* skip {t}, no method {m} */")
-                               continue
-                       end
-                       if propdefs.length > 1 then
-                               self.debug("NOT YET IMPLEMENTED conflict for {t}.{m}: {propdefs.join(" ")}. choose the first")
-                       end
-                       var propdef = propdefs.first
+                       var propdef = m.lookup_first_definition(self.compiler.mainmodule, t)
                        if propdef.mclassdef.mclass.name == "Object" and t.ctype == "val*" then
                                defaultpropdef = propdef
                                continue
@@ -1255,14 +1445,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        fun monomorphic_send(m: MMethod, t: MType, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable
        do
                assert t isa MClassType
-               var propdefs = m.lookup_definitions(self.compiler.mainmodule, t)
-               if propdefs.length == 0 then
-                       abort
-               end
-               if propdefs.length > 1 then
-                       self.debug("NOT YET IMPLEMENTED conflict for {t}.{m}: {propdefs.join(" ")}. choose the first")
-               end
-               var propdef = propdefs.first
+               var propdef = m.lookup_first_definition(self.compiler.mainmodule, t)
                return self.call(propdef, t, args)
        end
 
@@ -1285,7 +1468,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                recv = self.autoadapt(recv, recvtype)
 
                args = args.to_a
-               self.varargize(m.msignature.as(not null), args)
+               self.varargize(m, m.msignature.as(not null), args)
                if args.length != m.msignature.arity + 1 then # because of self
                        add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Invalid arity for {m}. {args.length} arguments given.\\n\"); exit(1);")
                        debug("NOT YET IMPLEMENTED: Invalid arity for {m}. {args.length} arguments given.")
@@ -1313,7 +1496,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        # Transform varargs, in raw arguments, into a single argument of type Array
        # Note: this method modify the given `args`
        # If there is no vararg, then `args` is not modified.
-       fun varargize(msignature: MSignature, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])
+       fun varargize(mpropdef: MPropDef, msignature: MSignature, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])
        do
                var recv = args.first
                var vararg_rank = msignature.vararg_rank
@@ -1333,10 +1516,9 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                        for i in [vararg_rank..vararg_lastrank] do
                                vararg.add(rawargs[i+1])
                        end
-                       # FIXME: its it to late to determine the vararg type, this should have been done during a previous analysis
+
                        var elttype = msignature.mparameters[vararg_rank].mtype
-                       elttype = self.resolve_for(elttype, recv)
-                       args.add(self.array_instance(vararg, elttype))
+                       args.add(self.vararg_instance(mpropdef, recv, vararg, elttype))
 
                        for i in [vararg_lastrank+1..rawargs.length-1[ do
                                args.add(rawargs[i+1])
@@ -1346,10 +1528,21 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                end
        end
 
+       # Get an instance of a anny for a vararg
+       fun vararg_instance(mpropdef: MPropDef, recv: RuntimeVariable, varargs: Array[RuntimeVariable], elttype: MType): RuntimeVariable
+       do
+               # FIXME: this is currently buggy since recv is not exact
+
+               elttype = self.resolve_for(elttype, recv)
+               return self.array_instance(varargs, elttype)
+       end
+
+
        fun bugtype(recv: RuntimeVariable)
        do
                if recv.mtype.ctype != "val*" then return
                self.add("fprintf(stderr, \"BTD BUG: Dynamic type is %s, static type is %s\\n\", class_names[{recv}->classid], \"{recv.mcasttype}\");")
+               self.add("exit(1);")
        end
 
        # Generate a polymorphic attribute is_set test
@@ -1363,6 +1556,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
 
                if types.is_empty then
                        self.add("/*BUG: no live types for {recv.inspect} . {a}*/")
+                       self.bugtype(recv)
                        return res
                end
                self.add("/* isset {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
@@ -1409,6 +1603,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
 
                if types.is_empty then
                        self.add("/*BUG: no live types for {recv.inspect} . {a}*/")
+                       self.bugtype(recv)
                        return res
                end
                self.add("/* read {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
@@ -1424,7 +1619,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                        var ta = a.intro.static_mtype.as(not null)
                        ta = self.resolve_for(ta, recv2)
                        var res2 = self.new_expr("((struct {t.c_name}*){recv})->{a.intro.c_name}", ta)
-                       if not ta isa MNullableType then
+                       if not ta isa MNullableType and not self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_other.value then
                                if ta.ctype == "val*" then
                                        self.add("if ({res2} == NULL) \{")
                                        self.add_abort("Uninitialized attribute {a.name}")
@@ -1454,6 +1649,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
 
                if types.is_empty then
                        self.add("/*BUG: no live types for {recv.inspect} . {a}*/")
+                       self.bugtype(recv)
                        return
                end
                self.add("/* write {a} on {recv.inspect} */")
@@ -1491,7 +1687,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        end
 
        # Generate a polymorphic subtype test
-       fun type_test(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable
+       fun type_test(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType, tag: String): RuntimeVariable
        do
                mtype = self.anchor(mtype)
                var mclasstype = mtype
@@ -1585,7 +1781,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                        value2 = tmp
                end
                if value1.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
-                       if value2.mtype.ctype == value1.mtype.ctype then
+                       if value2.mtype == value1.mtype then
                                self.add("{res} = {value1} == {value2};")
                        else if value2.mtype.ctype != "val*" then
                                self.add("{res} = 0; /* incompatible types {value1.mtype} vs. {value2.mtype}*/")
@@ -1613,19 +1809,16 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
        end
 
        # Generate a check-init-instance
-       fun check_init_instance(recv: RuntimeVariable)
+       fun check_init_instance(recv: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MClassType)
        do
-               var mtype = self.anchor(recv.mcasttype)
-               for cd in mtype.collect_mclassdefs(self.compiler.mainmodule)
-               do
-                       var n = self.compiler.modelbuilder.mclassdef2nclassdef[cd]
-                       for npropdef in n.n_propdefs do
-                               if npropdef isa AAttrPropdef then
-                                       # Force read to check the initialization
-                                       self.read_attribute(npropdef.mpropdef.mproperty, recv)
-                               end
-                       end
+               if self.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_initialization.value then return
+
+               mtype = self.anchor(mtype).as(MClassType)
+               if not self.compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(mtype) then
+                       debug "problem: {mtype} was detected dead"
                end
+
+               self.add("CHECK_NEW_{mtype.c_name}({recv});")
        end
 
        # Generate an integer value
@@ -1652,7 +1845,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                end
                var length = self.int_instance(array.length)
                self.send(self.get_property("with_native", arraytype), [res, nat, length])
-               self.check_init_instance(res)
+               self.check_init_instance(res, arraytype)
                self.add("\}")
                return res
        end
@@ -1673,7 +1866,7 @@ class GlobalCompilerVisitor
                self.add("{res} = {res2};")
                var length = self.int_instance(string.length)
                self.send(self.get_property("with_native", mtype), [res, nat, length])
-               self.check_init_instance(res)
+               self.check_init_instance(res, mtype)
                self.add("{name} = {res};")
                self.add("\}")
                return res
@@ -1772,6 +1965,8 @@ redef class MMethodDef
        # Generate type checks in the C code to check covariant parameters
        fun compile_parameter_check(v: GlobalCompilerVisitor, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable])
        do
+               if v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_covariance.value then return
+
                for i in [0..msignature.arity[ do
                        # skip test for vararg since the array is instantiated with the correct polymorphic type
                        if msignature.vararg_rank == i then continue
@@ -1786,7 +1981,7 @@ redef class MMethodDef
                        # generate the cast
                        # note that v decides if and how to implements the cast
                        v.add("/* Covariant cast for argument {i} ({self.msignature.mparameters[i].name}) {arguments[i+1].inspect} isa {mtype} */")
-                       var cond = v.type_test( arguments[i+1], mtype)
+                       var cond = v.type_test(arguments[i+1], mtype, "covariance")
                        v.add("if (!{cond}) \{")
                        #var x = v.class_name_string(arguments[i+1])
                        #var y = v.class_name_string(arguments.first)
@@ -2069,7 +2264,7 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                        v.ret(v.new_expr("glob_sys", ret.as(not null)))
                        return
                else if pname == "calloc_string" then
-                       v.ret(v.new_expr("(char*)GC_MALLOC({arguments[1]})", ret.as(not null)))
+                       v.ret(v.new_expr("(char*)GC_MALLOC_ATOMIC({arguments[1]})", ret.as(not null)))
                        return
                else if pname == "calloc_array" then
                        v.calloc_array(ret.as(not null), arguments)
@@ -2088,6 +2283,9 @@ redef class AInternMethPropdef
                        var nat = v.class_name_string(arguments.first)
                        v.ret(v.new_expr("(char*){nat}", ret.as(not null)))
                        return
+               else if pname == "force_garbage_collection" then
+                       v.add("GC_gcollect();")
+                       return
                end
                v.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED {class_name}:{mpropdef} at {location.to_s}\\n\");")
                debug("Not implemented {mpropdef}")
@@ -2166,14 +2364,33 @@ redef class AAttrPropdef
        do
                var nexpr = self.n_expr
                if nexpr != null then
+                       var oldnode = v.current_node
+                       v.current_node = self
                        var old_frame = v.frame
                        var frame = new Frame(v, self.mpropdef.as(not null), recv.mtype.as(MClassType), [recv])
                        v.frame = frame
                        var value = v.expr(nexpr, self.mpropdef.static_mtype)
                        v.write_attribute(self.mpropdef.mproperty, recv, value)
                        v.frame = old_frame
+                       v.current_node = oldnode
                end
        end
+
+       fun check_expr(v: GlobalCompilerVisitor, recv: RuntimeVariable)
+       do
+               var nexpr = self.n_expr
+               if nexpr != null then return
+
+               var oldnode = v.current_node
+               v.current_node = self
+               var old_frame = v.frame
+               var frame = new Frame(v, self.mpropdef.as(not null), recv.mtype.as(MClassType), [recv])
+               v.frame = frame
+               # Force read to check the initialization
+               v.read_attribute(self.mpropdef.mproperty, recv)
+               v.frame = old_frame
+               v.current_node = oldnode
+       end
 end
 
 redef class AClassdef
@@ -2217,7 +2434,6 @@ redef class AExpr
        # Do not call this method directly, use `v.expr' instead
        private fun expr(v: GlobalCompilerVisitor): nullable RuntimeVariable
        do
-               debug("Unimplemented expr {class_name}")
                v.add("printf(\"NOT YET IMPLEMENTED {class_name}:{location.to_s}\\n\");")
                var mtype = self.mtype
                if mtype == null then
@@ -2284,7 +2500,7 @@ redef class AVarReassignExpr
                var variable = self.variable.as(not null)
                var vari = v.variable(variable)
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value, variable.declared_type)
-               var res = v.send(reassign_property.mproperty, [vari, value])
+               var res = v.compile_callsite(self.reassign_callsite.as(not null), [vari, value])
                assert res != null
                v.assign(v.variable(variable), res)
        end
@@ -2395,6 +2611,32 @@ end
 redef class AForExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
+               # Shortcut on explicit range
+               # Avoid the instantiation of the range and the iterator
+               var nexpr = self.n_expr
+               if self.variables.length == 1 and nexpr isa AOrangeExpr and not v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_shortcut_range.value then
+                       var from = v.expr(nexpr.n_expr, null)
+                       var to = v.expr(nexpr.n_expr2, null)
+                       var variable = v.variable(variables.first)
+
+                       v.assign(variable, from)
+                       v.add("for(;;) \{ /* shortcut range */")
+
+                       var ok = v.send(v.get_property("<", variable.mtype), [variable, to])
+                       assert ok != null
+                       v.add("if(!{ok}) break;")
+
+                       v.stmt(self.n_block)
+
+                       v.add("CONTINUE_{v.escapemark_name(escapemark)}: (void)0;")
+                       var succ = v.send(v.get_property("succ", variable.mtype), [variable])
+                       assert succ != null
+                       v.assign(variable, succ)
+                       v.add("\}")
+                       v.add("BREAK_{v.escapemark_name(escapemark)}: (void)0;")
+                       return
+               end
+
                var cl = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
                var it_meth = self.method_iterator
                assert it_meth != null
@@ -2439,6 +2681,8 @@ end
 redef class AAssertExpr
        redef fun stmt(v)
        do
+               if v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_assert.value then return
+
                var cond = v.expr_bool(self.n_expr)
                v.add("if (!{cond}) \{")
                v.stmt(self.n_else)
@@ -2575,9 +2819,10 @@ redef class ACrangeExpr
        do
                var i1 = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
                var i2 = v.expr(self.n_expr2, null)
-               var res = v.init_instance(self.mtype.as(MClassType))
+               var mtype = self.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               var res = v.init_instance(mtype)
                var it = v.send(v.get_property("init", res.mtype), [res, i1, i2])
-               v.check_init_instance(res)
+               v.check_init_instance(res, mtype)
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -2587,9 +2832,10 @@ redef class AOrangeExpr
        do
                var i1 = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
                var i2 = v.expr(self.n_expr2, null)
-               var res = v.init_instance(self.mtype.as(MClassType))
+               var mtype = self.mtype.as(MClassType)
+               var res = v.init_instance(mtype)
                var it = v.send(v.get_property("without_last", res.mtype), [res, i1, i2])
-               v.check_init_instance(res)
+               v.check_init_instance(res, mtype)
                return res
        end
 end
@@ -2620,7 +2866,7 @@ redef class AIsaExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
-               return v.type_test(i, self.cast_type.as(not null))
+               return v.type_test(i, self.cast_type.as(not null), "isa")
        end
 end
 
@@ -2628,7 +2874,9 @@ redef class AAsCastExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
-               var cond = v.type_test(i, self.mtype.as(not null))
+               if v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_assert.value then return i
+
+               var cond = v.type_test(i, self.mtype.as(not null), "as")
                v.add("if (!{cond}) \{")
                v.add_abort("Cast failed")
                v.add("\}")
@@ -2640,6 +2888,8 @@ redef class AAsNotnullExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
                var i = v.expr(self.n_expr, null)
+               if v.compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_assert.value then return i
+
                v.add("if ({i} == NULL) \{")
                v.add_abort("Cast failed")
                v.add("\}")
@@ -2683,8 +2933,7 @@ redef class ASendExpr
                for a in self.raw_arguments.as(not null) do
                        args.add(v.expr(a, null))
                end
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
-               return v.send(mproperty, args)
+               return v.compile_callsite(self.callsite.as(not null), args)
        end
 end
 
@@ -2698,15 +2947,14 @@ redef class ASendReassignFormExpr
                end
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value, null)
 
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
-               var left = v.send(mproperty, args)
+               var left = v.compile_callsite(self.callsite.as(not null), args)
                assert left != null
 
-               var res = v.send(reassign_property.mproperty, [left, value])
+               var res = v.compile_callsite(self.reassign_callsite.as(not null), [left, value])
                assert res != null
 
                args.add(res)
-               v.send(self.write_mproperty.as(not null), args)
+               v.compile_callsite(self.write_callsite.as(not null), args)
        end
 end
 
@@ -2750,7 +2998,6 @@ end
 redef class ANewExpr
        redef fun expr(v)
        do
-               var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
                var mtype = self.mtype.as(MClassType)
                var recv
                var ctype = mtype.ctype
@@ -2766,12 +3013,12 @@ redef class ANewExpr
                for a in self.n_args.n_exprs do
                        args.add(v.expr(a, null))
                end
-               var res2 = v.send(mproperty, args)
+               var res2 = v.compile_callsite(self.callsite.as(not null), args)
                if res2 != null then
                        #self.debug("got {res2} from {mproperty}. drop {recv}")
                        return res2
                end
-               v.check_init_instance(recv)
+               v.check_init_instance(recv, mtype)
                return recv
        end
 end
@@ -2802,7 +3049,7 @@ redef class AAttrReassignExpr
                var value = v.expr(self.n_value, null)
                var mproperty = self.mproperty.as(not null)
                var attr = v.read_attribute(mproperty, recv)
-               var res = v.send(reassign_property.mproperty, [attr, value])
+               var res = v.compile_callsite(self.reassign_callsite.as(not null), [attr, value])
                assert res != null
                v.write_attribute(mproperty, recv, res)
        end