icode: introduce intermediate code representation
[nit.git] / src / compiling / compiling_methods.nit
diff --git a/src/compiling/compiling_methods.nit b/src/compiling/compiling_methods.nit
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index f189355..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1837 +0,0 @@
-# This file is part of NIT ( http://www.nitlanguage.org ).
-#
-# Copyright 2008 Jean Privat <jean@pryen.org>
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Compile method bodies, statments and expressions to C.
-package compiling_methods
-
-import compiling_base
-private import syntax
-
-redef class CompilerVisitor
-       # Compile a statment node
-       fun compile_stmt(n: nullable PExpr)
-       do
-               if n == null then return
-               #add_instr("/* Compile stmt {n.locate} */")
-               n.prepare_compile_stmt(self)
-               var i = cfc._variable_index
-               n.compile_stmt(self)
-               cfc._variable_index = i
-       end
-
-       # Compile is expression node
-       fun compile_expr(n: PExpr): String
-       do
-               #add_instr("/* Compile expr {n.locate} */")
-               var i = cfc._variable_index
-               var s = n.compile_expr(self)
-               cfc._variable_index = i
-               if s[0] == ' ' or cfc.is_valid_variable(s) then
-                       return s
-               end
-               var v = cfc.get_var("Result")
-               add_assignment(v, s)
-               return v
-       end
-
-       # Ensure that a c expression is a var
-       fun ensure_var(s: String, comment: String): String
-       do
-               if cfc.is_valid_variable(s) then
-                       add_instr("/* Ensure var {s}: {comment}*/")
-                       return s
-               end
-               var v = cfc.get_var(null)
-               add_assignment(v, "{s} /* Ensure var: {comment}*/")
-               return v
-       end
-
-       readable writable var _cfc: nullable CFunctionContext
-
-       readable writable var _nmc: nullable NitMethodContext
-
-       # Generate an fprintf to display an error location
-       fun printf_locate_error(node: PNode): String
-       do
-               var s = new Buffer.from("fprintf(stderr, \"")
-               if nmc != null then s.append(" in %s")
-               s.append(" (%s:%d)\\n\", ")
-               if nmc != null then s.append("LOCATE_{nmc.method.cname}, ")
-               s.append("LOCATE_{module.name}, {node.location.line_start});")
-               return s.to_s
-       end
-
-       fun invoke_super_init_calls_after(start_prop: nullable MMMethod)
-       do
-               var n = nmc.method.node
-               assert n isa AConcreteInitPropdef
-
-               if n.super_init_calls.is_empty then return
-               var i = 0
-               var j = 0
-               #var s = ""
-               if start_prop != null then
-                       while n.super_init_calls[i] != start_prop do
-                               #s.append(" {n.super_init_calls[i]}")
-                               i += 1
-                       end
-                       i += 1
-                       #s.append(" {start_prop}")
-
-                       while n.explicit_super_init_calls[j] != start_prop do
-                               j += 1
-                       end
-                       j += 1
-               end
-               var stop_prop: nullable MMMethod = null
-               if j < n.explicit_super_init_calls.length then
-                       stop_prop = n.explicit_super_init_calls[j]
-               end
-               var l = n.super_init_calls.length
-               #s.append(" [")
-               while i < l do
-                       var p = n.super_init_calls[i]
-                       if p == stop_prop then break
-                       var cargs = new Array[String]
-                       if p.signature.arity == 0 then
-                               cargs.add(cfc.varname(nmc.method_params[0]))
-                       else
-                               for va in nmc.method_params.as(not null) do
-                                       cargs.add(cfc.varname(va))
-                               end
-                       end
-                       #s.append(" {p}")
-                       p.compile_stmt_call(self, cargs)
-                       i += 1
-               end
-               #s.append(" ]")
-               #while i < l do
-               #       s.append(" {n.super_init_calls[i]}")
-               #       i += 1
-               #end
-               #if stop_prop != null then s.append(" (stop at {stop_prop})")
-               #n.printl("implicit calls in {n.method}: {s}") 
-       end
-end
-
-# A C function currently written
-class CFunctionContext
-       readable var _visitor: CompilerVisitor
-
-       # Next available variable number
-       var _variable_index: Int = 0
-
-       # Total number of variable
-       var _variable_index_max: Int = 0
-
-       # Association between nit variable and the corrsponding c variable index
-       var _varindexes: Map[Variable, Int] = new HashMap[Variable, Int]
-
-       # Are we currenlty in a closure definition?
-       readable writable var _closure: nullable NitMethodContext = null
-
-       # Return the cvariable of a Nit variable
-       fun varname(v: Variable): String
-       do
-               if v isa ClosureVariable then
-                       return closure_variable(_varindexes[v])
-               else
-                       return variable(_varindexes[v])
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Return the next available variable
-       fun get_var(comment: nullable String): String
-       do
-               var v = variable(_variable_index)
-               _variable_index = _variable_index + 1
-               if _variable_index > _variable_index_max then
-                       _variable_index_max = _variable_index 
-               end
-               if comment != null then
-                       visitor.add_instr("/* Register {v}: {comment} */")
-               end
-               return v
-       end
-
-       fun register_variable(v: Variable): String
-       do
-               _varindexes[v] = _variable_index
-               var s = get_var("Local variable")
-               return s
-       end
-
-       # Next available closure variable number
-       var _closurevariable_index: Int = 0
-
-       fun register_closurevariable(v: ClosureVariable): String
-       do
-               var s = "closurevariable[{_closurevariable_index}]"
-               _varindexes[v] = _closurevariable_index
-               _closurevariable_index += 1
-               if _closure != null then
-                       return "(closctx->{s})"
-               else
-                       return s
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Return the ith cvariable
-       protected fun variable(i: Int): String
-       do
-               if closure != null then
-                       var vn = once new Array[String]
-                       if vn.length <= i then
-                               for j in [vn.length..i] do
-                                       vn[j] = "(closctx->variable[{j}])"
-                               end
-                       end
-                       return vn[i]
-               else
-                       var vn = once new Array[String]
-                       if vn.length <= i then
-                               for j in [vn.length..i] do
-                                       vn[j] = "variable[{j}]"
-                               end
-                       end
-                       return vn[i]
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Return the ith closurevariable
-       protected fun closure_variable(i: Int): String
-       do
-               if closure != null then
-                       return "(closctx->closurevariable[{i}])"
-               else
-                       return "closurevariable[{i}]"
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Is s a valid variable
-       protected fun is_valid_variable(s: String): Bool
-       do
-               for i in [0.._variable_index[ do
-                       if s == variable(i) then return true
-               end
-               return false
-       end
-
-       # Mark the variable available
-       fun free_var(v: String)
-       do
-               # FIXME: So ugly..
-               if v == variable(_variable_index-1) then
-                       _variable_index = _variable_index - 1
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Generate the local variable declarations
-       # To use at the end of the C function once all variables are known
-       fun generate_var_decls
-       do
-               if _variable_index_max > 0 then
-                       visitor.add_decl("val_t variable[{_variable_index_max}];")
-               else
-                       visitor.add_decl("val_t *variable = NULL;")
-               end
-               if _closurevariable_index > 0 then
-                       visitor.add_decl("struct WBT_ *closurevariable[{_closurevariable_index}];")
-               else
-                       visitor.add_decl("struct WBT_ **closurevariable = NULL;")
-               end
-       end
-
-       init(v: CompilerVisitor) do _visitor = v
-end
-
-# A Nit method currenlty compiled
-class NitMethodContext
-       # Current method compiled
-       readable var _method: nullable MMMethod
-
-       # Association between parameters and the corresponding variables
-       readable writable var _method_params: nullable Array[ParamVariable]
-
-       # Where a nit return must branch
-       readable writable var _return_label: nullable String
-
-       # Where a nit break must branch
-       readable writable var _break_label: nullable String
-
-       # Where a nit continue must branch
-       readable writable var _continue_label: nullable String
-
-       # Variable where a functionnal nit return must store its value
-       readable writable var _return_value: nullable String
-
-       # Variable where a functionnal nit break must store its value
-       readable writable var _break_value: nullable String
-
-       # Variable where a functionnal nit continue must store its value
-       readable writable var _continue_value: nullable String
-
-       init(method: nullable MMMethod)
-       do
-               _method = method
-       end
-end
-
-###############################################################################
-
-redef class ClosureVariable
-       readable writable var _ctypename: nullable String
-end
-
-redef class MMAttribute
-       # Compile a read acces on selffor a given reciever.
-       fun compile_isset(v: CompilerVisitor, n: PNode, recv: String): String
-       do
-               return "TAG_Bool({global.attr_access}({recv})!=NIT_NULL) /* isset {local_class}::{name}*/"
-       end
-
-       # Compile a read acces on selffor a given reciever.
-       fun compile_read_access(v: CompilerVisitor, n: PNode, recv: String): String
-       do
-               var res = "{global.attr_access}({recv}) /*{local_class}::{name}*/"
-               if not signature.return_type.is_nullable then
-                       res = v.ensure_var(res, "{local_class}::{name}")
-                       v.add_instr("if ({res} == NIT_NULL) \{ fprintf(stderr, \"Uninitialized attribute %s\", \"{name}\"); {v.printf_locate_error(n)} nit_exit(1); } /* implicit isset */;")
-               end
-               return res
-       end
-
-       # Compile a write acces on selffor a given reciever.
-       fun compile_write_access(v: CompilerVisitor, n: nullable PNode, recv: String, value: String)
-       do
-               v.add_instr("{global.attr_access}({recv}) /*{local_class}::{name}*/ = {value};")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MMLocalProperty
-       # Compile the property as a C property
-       fun compile_property_to_c(v: CompilerVisitor) do end
-end
-
-redef class MMMethod
-       # Compile as an expression.
-       # require that signature.return_type != null
-       fun compile_expr_call(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String]): String
-       do
-               assert signature.return_type != null
-               var s = intern_compile_call(v, cargs)
-               assert s != null
-               return s
-       end
-
-       # Compile as a statement.
-       # require that signature.return_type == null
-       fun compile_stmt_call(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String])
-       do
-               assert signature.return_type == null
-               var s = intern_compile_call(v, cargs)
-               assert s == null
-       end
-
-       # Compile a call on self for given arguments
-       # Most calls are compiled with a table access,
-       # primitive calles are inlined
-       # == and != are guarded and possibly inlined
-       private fun intern_compile_call(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String]): nullable String
-       do
-               var i = self
-               if i isa MMSrcMethod then
-                       if i isa MMMethSrcMethod and i.node isa AInternMethPropdef or 
-                               (i.local_class.name == (once "Array".to_symbol) and name == (once "[]".to_symbol))
-                       then
-                               var e = i.do_compile_inside(v, cargs)
-                               return e
-                       end
-               end
-               var ee = once "==".to_symbol
-               var ne = once "!=".to_symbol
-               if name == ne then
-                       var eqp = signature.recv.local_class.select_method(ee)
-                       var eqcall = eqp.compile_expr_call(v, cargs)
-                       return "TAG_Bool(!UNTAG_Bool({eqcall}))"
-               end
-               if global.is_init then
-                       cargs = cargs.to_a
-                       cargs.add("init_table /*YYY*/")
-               end
-
-               var m = "{global.meth_call}({cargs[0]})"
-               var vcall = "{m}({cargs.join(", ")}) /*{local_class}::{name}*/"
-               if name == ee then
-                       vcall = "UNTAG_Bool({vcall})"
-                       var obj = once "Object".to_symbol
-                       if i.local_class.name == obj then
-                               vcall = "(({m}=={i.cname})?(IS_EQUAL_NN({cargs[0]},{cargs[1]})):({vcall}))"
-                       end
-                       vcall = "TAG_Bool(({cargs.first} == {cargs[1]}) || (({cargs.first} != NIT_NULL) && {vcall}))"
-               end
-               if signature.return_type != null then
-                       return vcall
-               else
-                       v.add_instr(vcall + ";")
-                       return null
-               end
-       end
-
-       # Compile a call on self for given arguments and given closures
-       fun compile_call_and_closures(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String], clos_defs: nullable Array[PClosureDef]): nullable String
-       do
-               var ve: String
-               var arity = 0
-               if clos_defs != null then arity = clos_defs.length
-
-               # Prepare result value.
-               # In case of procedure, the return value is still used to intercept breaks
-               var old_bv = v.nmc.break_value
-               ve = v.cfc.get_var("Closure return value and escape marker")
-               v.nmc.break_value = ve
-
-               # Compile closure to c function
-               var realcargs = new Array[String] # Args to pass to the C function call
-               var closcns = new Array[String] # Closure C structure names
-               realcargs.add_all(cargs)
-               for i in [0..arity[ do
-                       var cn = clos_defs[i].compile_closure(v, closure_cname(i))
-                       closcns.add(cn)
-                       realcargs.add(cn)
-               end
-               for i in [arity..signature.closures.length[ do
-                       realcargs.add("NULL")
-               end
-
-               v.nmc.break_value = old_bv
-
-               # Call
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v, realcargs)
-               if e != null then
-                       v.add_assignment(ve, e)
-                       e = ve
-               end
-
-               # Intercept returns and breaks
-               for i in [0..arity[ do
-                       # A break or a return is intercepted
-                       v.add_instr("if ({closcns[i]}->has_broke != NULL) \{")
-                       v.indent
-                       # A passtrought break or a return is intercepted: go the the next closure
-                       v.add_instr("if ({closcns[i]}->has_broke != &({ve})) \{")
-                       v.indent
-                       if v.cfc.closure == v.nmc then v.add_instr("closctx->has_broke = {closcns[i]}->has_broke; closctx->broke_value = {closcns[i]}->broke_value;")
-                       v.add_instr("goto {v.nmc.return_label};")
-                       v.unindent
-                       # A direct break is interpected
-                       if e != null then
-                               # overwrite the returned value in a function
-                               v.add_instr("\} else {ve} = {closcns[i]}->broke_value;")
-                       else
-                               # Do nothing in a procedure
-                               v.add_instr("\}")
-                       end
-                       v.unindent
-                       v.add_instr("\}")
-               end
-               return e
-       end
-
-       # Compile a call as constructor with given args
-       fun compile_constructor_call(v: CompilerVisitor, recvtype: MMType, cargs: Array[String]): String
-       do
-               return "NEW_{recvtype.local_class}_{global.intro.cname}({cargs.join(", ")}) /*new {recvtype}*/"
-       end
-
-       # Compile a call as call-next-method on self with given args
-       fun compile_super_call(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String]): String
-       do
-               if global.is_init then cargs.add("init_table")
-               var m = "{super_meth_call}({cargs[0]})"
-               var vcall = "{m}({cargs.join(", ")}) /*super {local_class}::{name}*/"
-               return vcall
-       end
-
-       # Cname of the i-th closure C struct type
-       protected fun closure_cname(i: Int): String
-       do
-               return "FWBT_{cname}_{i}"
-       end
-
-       # Compile and declare the signature to C
-       protected fun decl_csignature(v: CompilerVisitor, args: Array[String]): String
-       do
-               var params = new Array[String]
-               params.add("val_t {args[0]}")
-               for i in [0..signature.arity[ do
-                       var p = "val_t {args[i+1]}"
-                       params.add(p)
-               end
-
-               var first_closure_index = signature.arity + 1 # Wich parameter is the first closure
-               for i in [0..signature.closures.length[ do
-                       var closcn = closure_cname(i)
-                       var cs = signature.closures[i].signature # Closure signature
-                       var subparams = new Array[String] # Parameters of the closure
-                       subparams.add("struct WBT_ *")
-                       for j in [0..cs.arity[ do
-                               var p = "val_t"
-                               subparams.add(p)
-                       end
-                       var r = "void"
-                       if cs.return_type != null then r = "val_t"
-                       params.add("struct WBT_ *{args[first_closure_index+i]}")
-                       v.add_decl("typedef {r} (*{closcn})({subparams.join(", ")});")
-               end
-
-               if global.is_init then
-                       params.add("int* init_table")
-               end
-
-               var ret: String
-               if signature.return_type != null then
-                       ret = "val_t"
-               else
-                       ret = "void"
-               end
-
-               var p = params.join(", ")
-               var s = "{ret} {cname}({p})"
-               v.add_decl("typedef {ret} (* {cname}_t)({p});")
-               v.add_decl(s + ";")
-               return s
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_property_to_c(v)
-       do
-               v.cfc = new CFunctionContext(v)
-
-               var args = new Array[String]
-               args.add(" self")
-               for i in [0..signature.arity[ do
-                       args.add(" param{i}")
-               end
-               for i in [0..signature.closures.length[ do
-                       args.add(" wd{i}")
-               end
-               var cs = decl_csignature(v, args)
-               v.add_decl("#define LOCATE_{cname} \"{full_name}\"")
-
-               v.add_instr("{cs} \{")
-               v.indent
-               var ctx_old = v.ctx
-               v.ctx = new CContext
-
-               v.out_contexts.clear
-
-               var itpos: nullable String = null
-               if global.is_init then
-                       itpos = "itpos{v.new_number}"
-                       v.add_decl("int {itpos} = VAL2OBJ(self)->vft[{local_class.global.init_table_pos_id}].i;")
-                       v.add_instr("if (init_table[{itpos}]) return;")
-               end
-
-               var ln = 0
-               var s = self
-               if s.node != null then ln = s.node.location.line_start
-               v.add_decl("struct trace_t trace = \{NULL, NULL, {ln}, LOCATE_{cname}};")
-               v.add_instr("trace.prev = tracehead; tracehead = &trace;")
-               v.add_instr("trace.file = LOCATE_{module.name};")
-
-               var s = do_compile_inside(v, args)
-
-               if itpos != null then
-                       v.add_instr("init_table[{itpos}] = 1;")
-               end
-
-               v.add_instr("tracehead = trace.prev;")
-               if s == null then
-                       v.add_instr("return;")
-               else
-                       v.add_instr("return {s};")
-               end
-
-               v.cfc.generate_var_decls
-
-               ctx_old.append(v.ctx)
-               v.ctx = ctx_old
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-
-               for ctx in v.out_contexts do v.ctx.merge(ctx)
-       end
-
-       # Compile the method body inline
-       fun do_compile_inside(v: CompilerVisitor, params: Array[String]): nullable String is abstract
-end
-
-redef class MMReadImplementationMethod
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               return node.prop.compile_read_access(v, node, params[0])
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MMWriteImplementationMethod
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               node.prop.compile_write_access(v, node, params[0], params[1])
-               return null
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MMMethSrcMethod
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               return node.do_compile_inside(v, self, params)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MMImplicitInit
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               var f = params.length - unassigned_attributes.length
-               var recv = params.first
-               for sp in super_inits do
-                       assert sp isa MMMethod
-                       var args_recv = [recv]
-                       if sp == super_init then
-                               var args = new Array[String].with_capacity(f)
-                               args.add(recv)
-                               for i in [1..f[ do
-                                       args.add(params[i])
-                               end
-                               sp.compile_stmt_call(v, args)
-                       else
-                               sp.compile_stmt_call(v, args_recv)
-                       end
-               end
-               for i in [f..params.length[ do
-                       var attribute = unassigned_attributes[i-f]
-                       attribute.compile_write_access(v, null, recv, params[i])
-               end
-               return null
-       end
-end
-
-redef class MMType
-       # Compile a subtype check to self
-       # Return a NIT Bool
-       fun compile_cast(v: CompilerVisitor, recv: String, fromtype: MMType): String
-       do
-               # Fixme: handle formaltypes
-               var g = local_class.global
-               var s = ""
-               if fromtype.is_nullable then
-                       if self.is_nullable then
-                               s = "({recv}==NIT_NULL) || "
-                       else
-                               s = "({recv}!=NIT_NULL) && "
-                       end
-               else
-                       # FIXME This is used to not break code without the nullable KW
-                       s = "({recv}==NIT_NULL) || "
-               end
-               return "TAG_Bool({s}VAL_ISA({recv}, {g.color_id}, {g.id_id})) /*cast {self}*/"
-       end
-
-       # Compile a cast assertion
-       fun compile_type_check(v: CompilerVisitor, recv: String, n: PNode, fromtype: MMType)
-       do
-               # Fixme: handle formaltypes
-               var g = local_class.global
-               var s = ""
-               if fromtype.is_nullable then
-                       if self.is_nullable then
-                               s = "({recv}!=NIT_NULL) && "
-                       else
-                               s = "({recv}==NIT_NULL) || "
-                       end
-               else
-                       # FIXME This is used to not break code without the nullable KW
-                       s = "({recv}!=NIT_NULL) && "
-               end
-               v.add_instr("if ({s}!VAL_ISA({recv}, {g.color_id}, {g.id_id})) \{ fprintf(stderr, \"Cast failed\"); {v.printf_locate_error(n)} nit_exit(1); } /*cast {self}*/;")
-       end
-
-       # Compile a notnull cast assertion
-       fun compile_notnull_check(v: CompilerVisitor, recv: String, n: PNode)
-       do
-               if is_nullable then
-                       v.add_instr("if (({recv}==NIT_NULL)) \{ fprintf(stderr, \"Cast failed\"); {v.printf_locate_error(n)} nit_exit(1); } /*cast {self}*/;")
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-###############################################################################
-
-redef class AMethPropdef
-       # Compile the method body
-       fun do_compile_inside(v: CompilerVisitor, method: MMMethod, params: Array[String]): nullable String is abstract
-end
-
-redef class PSignature
-       fun compile_parameters(v: CompilerVisitor, orig_sig: MMSignature, params: Array[String]) is abstract
-end
-
-redef class ASignature
-       redef fun compile_parameters(v: CompilerVisitor, orig_sig: MMSignature, params: Array[String])
-       do
-               for ap in n_params do
-                       var cname = v.cfc.register_variable(ap.variable)
-                       v.nmc.method_params.add(ap.variable)
-                       var orig_type = orig_sig[ap.position]
-                       if not orig_type < ap.variable.stype.as(not null) then
-                               # FIXME: do not test always
-                               # FIXME: handle formal types
-                               v.add_instr("/* check if p<{ap.variable.stype} with p:{orig_type} */")
-                               ap.variable.stype.compile_type_check(v, params[ap.position], ap, orig_type)
-                       end
-                       v.add_assignment(cname, params[ap.position])
-               end
-               for i in [0..n_closure_decls.length[ do
-                       var wd = n_closure_decls[i]
-                       var cname = v.cfc.register_closurevariable(wd.variable)
-                       wd.variable.ctypename = v.nmc.method.closure_cname(i)
-                       v.add_assignment(cname, "{params[orig_sig.arity + i]}")
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AConcreteMethPropdef
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, method, params)
-       do
-               var old_nmc = v.nmc
-               v.nmc = new NitMethodContext(method)
-
-               var selfcname = v.cfc.register_variable(self_var)
-               v.add_assignment(selfcname, params[0])
-               params.shift
-               v.nmc.method_params = [self_var]
-
-               var orig_meth: MMLocalProperty = method.global.intro
-               var orig_sig = orig_meth.signature_for(method.signature.recv)
-               if n_signature != null then
-                       n_signature.compile_parameters(v, orig_sig, params)
-               end
-
-               v.nmc.return_label = "return_label{v.new_number}"
-               v.nmc.return_value = v.cfc.get_var("Method return value and escape marker")
-               if self isa AConcreteInitPropdef then
-                       v.invoke_super_init_calls_after(null)
-               end
-               v.compile_stmt(n_block)
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.return_label}: while(false);")
-
-               var ret: nullable String = null
-               if method.signature.return_type != null then
-                       ret = v.nmc.return_value
-               end
-
-               v.nmc = old_nmc
-               return ret
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ADeferredMethPropdef
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, method, params)
-       do
-               v.add_instr("fprintf(stderr, \"Deferred method called\");")
-               v.add_instr(v.printf_locate_error(self))
-               v.add_instr("nit_exit(1);")
-               if method.signature.return_type != null then
-                       return("NIT_NULL")
-               else
-                       return null
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AExternMethPropdef
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, method, params)
-       do
-               var ename = "{method.module.name}_{method.local_class.name}_{method.local_class.name}_{method.name}_{method.signature.arity}"
-               if n_extern != null then
-                       ename = n_extern.text
-                       ename = ename.substring(1, ename.length-2)
-               end
-               var sig = method.signature
-               if params.length != sig.arity + 1 then
-                       printl("par:{params.length} sig:{sig.arity}")
-               end
-               var args = new Array[String]
-               args.add(sig.recv.unboxtype(params[0]))
-               for i in [0..sig.arity[ do
-                       args.add(sig[i].unboxtype(params[i+1]))
-               end
-               var s = "{ename}({args.join(", ")})"
-               if sig.return_type != null then
-                       return sig.return_type.boxtype(s)
-               else
-                       v.add_instr("{s};")
-                       return null
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AInternMethPropdef
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, method, p)
-       do
-               var c = method.local_class.name
-               var n = method.name
-               var s: nullable String = null
-               if c == once "Int".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "{p[0]}"
-                       else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(-UNTAG_Int({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("printf(\"%ld\\n\", UNTAG_Int({p[0]}));")
-                       else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Int({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "succ".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})+1)"
-                       else if n == once "prec".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})-1)"
-                       else if n == once "to_f".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float((float)UNTAG_Int({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})+UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})-UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})*UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})/UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "%".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})%UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})<UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})>UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})<=UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})>=UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "lshift".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})<<UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "rshift".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({p[0]})>>UNTAG_Int({p[1]}))"
-                       else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})==({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})!=({p[1]}))" 
-                       end
-               else if c == once "Float".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int((bigint)UNBOX_Float({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float(-UNBOX_Float({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("printf(\"%f\\n\", UNBOX_Float({p[0]}));")
-                       else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int((bigint)UNBOX_Float({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})+UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})-UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})*UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
-                               s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})/UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})<UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})>UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})<=UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({p[0]})>=UNBOX_Float({p[1]}))" 
-                       end
-               else if c == once "Char".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Char({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(-UNTAG_Char({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("printf(\"%c\", (unsigned char)UNTAG_Char({p[0]}));")
-                       else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int((unsigned char)UNTAG_Char({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "succ".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})+1)"
-                       else if n == once "prec".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})-1)"
-                       else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})-'0')"
-                       else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})+UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})-UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})*UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})/UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "%".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})%UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})<UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})>UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})<=UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({p[0]})>=UNTAG_Char({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})==({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})!=({p[1]}))" 
-                       end
-               else if c == once "Bool".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Bool({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(-UNTAG_Bool({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("(void)printf(UNTAG_Bool({p[0]})?\"true\\n\":\"false\\n\");")
-                       else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Bool({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Bool({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})==({p[1]}))" 
-                       else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Bool(({p[0]})!=({p[1]}))" 
-                       end
-               else if c == once "NativeArray".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNBOX_NativeArray({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "[]".to_symbol then
-                               s = "UNBOX_NativeArray({p[0]})[UNTAG_Int({p[1]})]"
-                       else if n == once "[]=".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("UNBOX_NativeArray({p[0]})[UNTAG_Int({p[1]})]={p[2]};")
-                       else if n == once "copy_to".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("(void)memcpy(UNBOX_NativeArray({p[1]}), UNBOX_NativeArray({p[0]}), UNTAG_Int({p[2]})*sizeof(val_t));")
-                       end     
-               else if c == once "NativeString".to_symbol then
-                       if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(UNBOX_NativeString({p[0]}))"
-                       else if n == once "atoi".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Int(atoi(UNBOX_NativeString({p[0]})))"
-                       else if n == once "[]".to_symbol then
-                               s = "TAG_Char(UNBOX_NativeString({p[0]})[UNTAG_Int({p[1]})])"
-                       else if n == once "[]=".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("UNBOX_NativeString({p[0]})[UNTAG_Int({p[1]})]=UNTAG_Char({p[2]});")
-                       else if n == once "copy_to".to_symbol then
-                               v.add_instr("(void)memcpy(UNBOX_NativeString({p[1]})+UNTAG_Int({p[4]}), UNBOX_NativeString({p[0]})+UNTAG_Int({p[3]}), UNTAG_Int({p[2]}));")
-                       end
-               else if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
-                       s = "TAG_Int((bigint){p[0]})"
-               else if n == once "sys".to_symbol then
-                       s = "(G_sys)"
-               else if n == once "is_same_type".to_symbol then
-                       s = "TAG_Bool((VAL2VFT({p[0]})==VAL2VFT({p[1]})))"
-               else if n == once "exit".to_symbol then
-                       v.add_instr("exit(UNTAG_Int({p[1]}));")
-               else if n == once "calloc_array".to_symbol then
-                       s = "BOX_NativeArray((val_t*)malloc((UNTAG_Int({p[1]}) * sizeof(val_t))))"
-               else if n == once "calloc_string".to_symbol then
-                       s = "BOX_NativeString((char*)malloc((UNTAG_Int({p[1]}) * sizeof(char))))"
-
-               else
-                       stderr.write("{location}: Fatal error: unknown intern method {method.full_name}.\n")
-                       exit(1)
-               end
-               if method.signature.return_type != null and s == null then
-                       s = "NIT_NULL /*stub*/"
-               end
-               return s
-       end
-end
-
-###############################################################################
-
-redef class PExpr
-       # Compile the node as an expression
-       # Only the visitor should call it
-       fun compile_expr(v: CompilerVisitor): String is abstract
-
-       # Prepare a call of node as a statement
-       # Only the visitor should call it
-       # It's used for local variable managment
-       fun prepare_compile_stmt(v: CompilerVisitor) do end
-
-       # Compile the node as a statement
-       # Only the visitor should call it
-       fun compile_stmt(v: CompilerVisitor) do printl("Error!")
-end
-
-redef class ABlockExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               for n in n_expr do
-                       v.compile_stmt(n)
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AVardeclExpr
-       redef fun prepare_compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               v.cfc.register_variable(variable)
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var cname = v.cfc.varname(variable)
-               if n_expr == null then
-                       v.add_instr("/*{cname} is variable {variable.name}*/")
-               else
-                       var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr.as(not null))
-                       v.add_assignment(cname, e)
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AReturnExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               if n_expr != null then
-                       var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr.as(not null))
-                       v.add_assignment(v.nmc.return_value.as(not null), e)
-               end
-               if v.cfc.closure == v.nmc then v.add_instr("closctx->has_broke = &({v.nmc.return_value});")
-               v.add_instr("goto {v.nmc.return_label};")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ABreakExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               if n_expr != null then
-                       var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr.as(not null))
-                       v.add_assignment(v.nmc.break_value.as(not null), e)
-               end
-               if v.cfc.closure == v.nmc then v.add_instr("closctx->has_broke = &({v.nmc.break_value}); closctx->broke_value = *closctx->has_broke;")
-               v.add_instr("goto {v.nmc.break_label};")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AContinueExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               if n_expr != null then
-                       var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr.as(not null))
-                       v.add_assignment(v.nmc.continue_value.as(not null), e)
-               end
-               v.add_instr("goto {v.nmc.continue_label};")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAbortExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               v.add_instr("fprintf(stderr, \"Aborted\"); {v.printf_locate_error(self)} nit_exit(1);")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ADoExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               v.compile_stmt(n_block)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AIfExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               v.add_instr("if (UNTAG_Bool({e})) \{ /*if*/")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               if n_then != null then
-                       v.indent
-                       v.compile_stmt(n_then)
-                       v.unindent
-               end
-               if n_else != null then
-                       v.add_instr("} else \{ /*if*/")
-                       v.indent
-                       v.compile_stmt(n_else)
-                       v.unindent
-               end
-               v.add_instr("}")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AIfexprExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               v.add_instr("if (UNTAG_Bool({e})) \{ /*if*/")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               v.indent
-               var e = v.ensure_var(v.compile_expr(n_then), "Then value")
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("} else \{ /*if*/")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               v.indent
-               var e2 = v.ensure_var(v.compile_expr(n_else), "Else value")
-               v.add_assignment(e, e2)
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               return e
-       end
-end
-
-class AControlableBlock
-special PExpr
-       fun compile_inside_block(v: CompilerVisitor) is abstract
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var old_break_label = v.nmc.break_label
-               var old_continue_label = v.nmc.continue_label
-               var id = v.new_number
-               v.nmc.break_label = "break_{id}"
-               v.nmc.continue_label = "continue_{id}"
-
-               compile_inside_block(v)
-
-
-               v.nmc.break_label = old_break_label
-               v.nmc.continue_label = old_continue_label
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AWhileExpr
-special AControlableBlock
-       redef fun compile_inside_block(v)
-       do
-               v.add_instr("while (true) \{ /*while*/")
-               v.indent
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               v.add_instr("if (!UNTAG_Bool({e})) break; /* while*/")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               v.compile_stmt(n_block)
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.continue_label}: while(0);")
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.break_label}: while(0);")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AForExpr
-special AControlableBlock
-       redef fun compile_inside_block(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var ittype = meth_iterator.signature.return_type
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               var iter = v.cfc.get_var("For iterator")
-               v.add_assignment(iter, meth_iterator.compile_expr_call(v, [e]))
-               v.add_instr("while (true) \{ /*for*/")
-               v.indent
-               var ok = v.cfc.get_var("For 'is_ok' result")
-               v.add_assignment(ok, meth_is_ok.compile_expr_call(v, [iter]))
-               v.add_instr("if (!UNTAG_Bool({ok})) break; /*for*/")
-               v.cfc.free_var(ok)
-               var e = meth_item.compile_expr_call(v, [iter])
-               e = v.ensure_var(e, "For item")
-               var cname = v.cfc.register_variable(variable)
-               v.add_assignment(cname, e)
-               v.compile_stmt(n_block)
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.continue_label}: while(0);")
-               meth_next.compile_stmt_call(v, [iter])
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.break_label}: while(0);")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAssertExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var s = ""
-               if n_id != null then
-                       s = " '{n_id.text}' "
-               end
-               v.add_instr("if (!UNTAG_Bool({e})) \{ fprintf(stderr, \"Assert%s failed\", \"{s}\"); {v.printf_locate_error(self)} nit_exit(1);}")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AVarExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " {v.cfc.varname(variable)} /*{variable.name}*/"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AVarAssignExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_value)
-               v.add_assignment(v.cfc.varname(variable), "{e} /*{variable.name}=*/")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AVarReassignExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e1 = v.cfc.varname(variable)
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_value)
-               var e3 = assign_method.compile_expr_call(v, [e1, e2])
-               v.add_assignment(v.cfc.varname(variable), "{e3} /*{variable.name}*/")
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ASelfExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return v.cfc.varname(v.nmc.method_params[0])
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AOrExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.ensure_var(v.compile_expr(n_expr), "Left 'or' operand")
-               v.add_instr("if (!UNTAG_Bool({e})) \{ /* or */")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               v.indent
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_expr2)
-               v.add_assignment(e, e2)
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               return e
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAndExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.ensure_var(v.compile_expr(n_expr), "Left 'and' operand")
-               v.add_instr("if (UNTAG_Bool({e})) \{ /* and */")
-               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-               v.indent
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_expr2)
-               v.add_assignment(e, e2)
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               return e
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ANotExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " TAG_Bool(!UNTAG_Bool({v.compile_expr(n_expr)}))"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AEeExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_expr2)
-               return "TAG_Bool(IS_EQUAL_NN({e},{e2}))"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AIsaExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               return n_type.stype.compile_cast(v, e, n_expr.stype)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAsCastExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               n_type.stype.compile_type_check(v, e, self, n_expr.stype)
-               return e
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAsNotnullExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               n_expr.stype.compile_notnull_check(v, e, self)
-               return e
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ATrueExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " TAG_Bool(true)"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AFalseExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " TAG_Bool(false)"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AIntExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " TAG_Int({n_number.text})"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AFloatExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return "BOX_Float({n_float.text})"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ACharExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " TAG_Char({n_char.text})"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AStringFormExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               compute_string_info
-               var i = v.new_number
-               var cvar = v.cfc.get_var("Once String constant")
-               v.add_decl("static val_t once_value_{i} = NIT_NULL; /* Once value for string {cvar}*/")
-               v.add_instr("if (once_value_{i} != NIT_NULL) {cvar} = once_value_{i};")
-               v.add_instr("else \{")
-               v.indent
-               v.cfc.free_var(cvar)
-               var e = meth_with_native.compile_constructor_call(v, stype, ["BOX_NativeString(\"{_cstring}\")", "TAG_Int({_cstring_length})"])
-               v.add_assignment(cvar, e)
-               v.add_instr("once_value_{i} = {cvar};")
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               return cvar
-       end
-
-       # The raw string value
-       protected fun string_text: String is abstract
-
-       # The string in a C native format
-       protected var _cstring: nullable String
-
-       # The string length in bytes
-       protected var _cstring_length: nullable Int
-
-       # Compute _cstring and _cstring_length using string_text
-       protected fun compute_string_info
-       do
-               var len = 0
-               var str = string_text
-               var res = new Buffer
-               var i = 0
-               while i < str.length do
-                       var c = str[i]
-                       if c == '\\' then
-                               i = i + 1
-                               var c2 = str[i]
-                               if c2 != '{' and c2 != '}' then
-                                       res.add(c)
-                               end
-                               c = c2
-                       end
-                       len = len + 1
-                       res.add(c)
-                       i = i + 1
-               end
-               _cstring = res.to_s
-               _cstring_length = len
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AStringExpr
-       redef fun string_text do return n_string.text.substring(1, n_string.text.length - 2)
-end
-redef class AStartStringExpr
-       redef fun string_text do return n_string.text.substring(1, n_string.text.length - 2)
-end
-redef class AMidStringExpr
-       redef fun string_text do return n_string.text.substring(1, n_string.text.length - 2)
-end
-redef class AEndStringExpr
-       redef fun string_text do return n_string.text.substring(1, n_string.text.length - 2)
-end
-
-redef class ASuperstringExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var array = meth_with_capacity.compile_constructor_call(v, atype, ["TAG_Int({n_exprs.length})"])
-               array = v.ensure_var(array, "Array (for super-string)")
-
-               for ne in n_exprs do
-                       var e = v.ensure_var(v.compile_expr(ne), "super-string element")
-                       if ne.stype != stype then
-                               v.cfc.free_var(e)
-                               e = meth_to_s.compile_expr_call(v, [e])
-                       end
-                       v.cfc.free_var(e)
-                       meth_add.compile_stmt_call(v, [array, e])
-               end
-
-               return meth_to_s.compile_expr_call(v, [array])
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ANullExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return " NIT_NULL /*null*/"
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AArrayExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var recv = meth_with_capacity.compile_constructor_call(v, stype, ["TAG_Int({n_exprs.length})"])
-               recv = v.ensure_var(recv, "Literal array")
-
-               for ne in n_exprs do
-                       var e = v.compile_expr(ne)
-                       meth_add.compile_stmt_call(v, [recv, e])
-               end
-               return recv
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ARangeExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_expr2)
-               return meth_init.compile_constructor_call(v, stype, [e, e2])
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ASuperExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               if e != null then
-                       v.add_instr(e + ";")
-               end
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               assert e != null
-               return e
-       end
-
-       private fun intern_compile_call(v: CompilerVisitor): nullable String
-       do
-               var arity = v.nmc.method_params.length - 1
-               if init_in_superclass != null then
-                       arity = init_in_superclass.signature.arity
-               end
-               var args = new Array[String].with_capacity(arity + 1)
-               args.add(v.cfc.varname(v.nmc.method_params[0]))
-               if n_args.length != arity then
-                       for i in [0..arity[ do
-                               args.add(v.cfc.varname(v.nmc.method_params[i + 1]))
-                       end
-               else
-                       for na in n_args do
-                               args.add(v.compile_expr(na))
-                       end
-               end
-               #return "{prop.cname}({args.join(", ")}) /*super {prop.local_class}::{prop.name}*/"
-               if init_in_superclass != null then
-                       return init_in_superclass.intern_compile_call(v, args)
-               else
-                       return prop.compile_super_call(v, args)
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAttrExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               return prop.compile_read_access(v, n_id, e)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAttrAssignExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var e2 = v.compile_expr(n_value)
-               prop.compile_write_access(v, n_id, e, e2)
-       end
-end
-redef class AAttrReassignExpr
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e1 = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var e2 = prop.compile_read_access(v, n_id, e1)
-               var e3 = v.compile_expr(n_value)
-               var e4 = assign_method.compile_expr_call(v, [e2, e3])
-               prop.compile_write_access(v, n_id, e1, e4)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AIssetAttrExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               return prop.compile_isset(v, n_id, e)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AAbsAbsSendExpr
-       # Compile each argument and add them to the array
-       fun compile_arguments_in(v: CompilerVisitor, cargs: Array[String])
-       do
-               for a in arguments do
-                       cargs.add(v.compile_expr(a))
-               end
-       end
-
-end
-
-redef class ASendExpr
-       private fun intern_compile_call(v: CompilerVisitor): nullable String
-       do
-               var recv = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var cargs = new Array[String]
-               cargs.add(recv)
-               compile_arguments_in(v, cargs)
-
-               var e: nullable String
-               if prop_signature.closures.is_empty then
-                       e = prop.intern_compile_call(v, cargs)
-               else
-                       e = prop.compile_call_and_closures(v, cargs, closure_defs)
-               end
-
-               if prop.global.is_init then
-                       v.invoke_super_init_calls_after(prop)
-               end
-               return e
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               assert e != null
-               return e
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               if e != null then
-                       v.add_instr(e + ";")
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ASendReassignExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v) do abort
-
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var recv = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               var cargs = new Array[String]
-               cargs.add(recv)
-               compile_arguments_in(v, cargs)
-
-               var e2 = read_prop.compile_expr_call(v, cargs)
-               var e3 = v.compile_expr(n_value)
-               var e4 = assign_method.compile_expr_call(v, [e2, e3])
-               cargs.add(e4)
-               prop.compile_stmt_call(v, cargs)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class ANewExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var cargs = new Array[String]
-               compile_arguments_in(v, cargs)
-               return prop.compile_constructor_call(v, stype, cargs)
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v) do abort
-end
-
-redef class PClosureDef
-       # Compile the closure definition as a function in v.out_contexts
-       # Return the cname of the function
-       fun compile_closure(v: CompilerVisitor, closcn: String): String is abstract
-
-       # Compile the closure definition inside the current C function.
-       fun do_compile_inside(v: CompilerVisitor, params: nullable Array[String]): nullable String is abstract
-end
-
-redef class AClosureDef
-       # The cname of the function
-       readable var _cname: nullable String
-
-       redef fun compile_closure(v, closcn)
-       do
-               var ctx_old = v.ctx
-               v.ctx = new CContext
-               v.out_contexts.add(v.ctx)
-
-               var cfc_old = v.cfc.closure
-               v.cfc.closure = v.nmc
-
-               var old_rv = v.nmc.return_value
-               var old_bv = v.nmc.break_value
-               if cfc_old == null then
-                       v.nmc.return_value = "closctx->{old_rv}"
-                       v.nmc.break_value = "closctx->{old_bv}"
-               end
-
-               var cname = "OC_{v.nmc.method.cname}_{v.out_contexts.length}"
-               _cname = cname
-               var args = new Array[String]
-               for i in [0..closure.signature.arity[ do
-                       args.add(" param{i}")
-               end
-
-               var cs = decl_csignature(v, args, closcn)
-
-               v.add_instr("{cs} \{")
-               v.indent
-               var ctx_old2 = v.ctx
-               v.ctx = new CContext
-
-               v.add_decl("struct trace_t trace = \{NULL, NULL, {location.line_start}, LOCATE_{v.nmc.method.cname}};")
-               v.add_instr("trace.prev = tracehead; tracehead = &trace;")
-               
-               v.add_instr("trace.file = LOCATE_{v.module.name};")
-               var s = do_compile_inside(v, args)
-
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.return_label}:")
-               v.add_instr("tracehead = trace.prev;")
-               if s == null then
-                       v.add_instr("return;")
-               else
-                       v.add_instr("return {s};")
-               end
-
-               ctx_old2.append(v.ctx)
-               v.ctx = ctx_old2
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               v.ctx = ctx_old
-
-               v.cfc.closure = cfc_old
-               v.nmc.return_value = old_rv
-               v.nmc.break_value = old_bv
-
-               # Build closure
-               var closcnv = "wbclos{v.new_number}"
-               v.add_decl("struct WBT_ {closcnv};")
-               v.add_instr("{closcnv}.fun = (fun_t){cname};")
-               v.add_instr("{closcnv}.has_broke = NULL;")
-               if cfc_old != null then 
-                       v.add_instr("{closcnv}.variable = closctx->variable;")
-                       v.add_instr("{closcnv}.closurevariable = closctx->closurevariable;")
-               else
-                       v.add_instr("{closcnv}.variable = variable;")
-                       v.add_instr("{closcnv}.closurevariable = closurevariable;")
-               end
-
-               return "(&{closcnv})"
-       end
-
-       protected fun decl_csignature(v: CompilerVisitor, args: Array[String], closcn: String): String
-       do
-               var params = new Array[String]
-               params.add("struct WBT_ *closctx")
-               for i in [0..closure.signature.arity[ do
-                       var p = "val_t {args[i]}"
-                       params.add(p)
-               end
-               var ret: String
-               if closure.signature.return_type != null then
-                       ret = "val_t"
-               else
-                       ret = "void"
-               end
-               var p = params.join(", ")
-               var s = "{ret} {cname}({p})"
-               v.add_decl("typedef {ret} (* {cname}_t)({p});")
-               v.add_decl(s + ";")
-               return s
-       end
-
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               for i in [0..variables.length[ do
-                       var vacname = v.cfc.register_variable(variables[i])
-                       v.add_assignment(vacname, params[i])
-               end
-
-               var old_cv = v.nmc.continue_value
-               var old_cl = v.nmc.continue_label
-               var old_bl = v.nmc.break_label
-
-               v.nmc.continue_value = v.cfc.get_var("Continue value and escape marker")
-               v.nmc.continue_label = "continue_label{v.new_number}"
-               v.nmc.break_label = v.nmc.return_label
-
-               v.compile_stmt(n_expr)
-
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.continue_label}: while(false);")
-
-               var ret: nullable String = null
-               if closure.signature.return_type != null then ret = v.nmc.continue_value
-
-               v.nmc.continue_value = old_cv
-               v.nmc.continue_label = old_cl
-               v.nmc.break_label = old_bl
-
-               return ret
-       end
-end
-
-redef class PClosureDecl
-       fun do_compile_inside(v: CompilerVisitor, params: Array[String]): nullable String is abstract
-end
-redef class AClosureDecl
-       redef fun do_compile_inside(v, params)
-       do
-               n_signature.compile_parameters(v, variable.closure.signature, params)
-
-               var old_cv = v.nmc.continue_value
-               var old_cl = v.nmc.continue_label
-               var old_bl = v.nmc.break_label
-
-               v.nmc.continue_value = v.cfc.get_var("Continue value and escape marker")
-               v.nmc.continue_label = "continue_label{v.new_number}"
-               v.nmc.break_label = v.nmc.return_label
-
-               v.compile_stmt(n_expr)
-
-               v.add_instr("{v.nmc.continue_label}: while(false);")
-
-               var ret: nullable String = null
-               if variable.closure.signature.return_type != null then ret = v.nmc.continue_value
-
-               v.nmc.continue_value = old_cv
-               v.nmc.continue_label = old_cl
-               v.nmc.break_label = old_bl
-
-               return ret
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AClosureCallExpr
-       fun intern_compile_call(v: CompilerVisitor): nullable String
-       do
-               var cargs = new Array[String]
-               compile_arguments_in(v, cargs)
-               var va: nullable String = null
-               if variable.closure.signature.return_type != null then va = v.cfc.get_var("Closure call result value")
-
-               if variable.closure.is_optional then
-                       v.add_instr("if({v.cfc.varname(variable)}==NULL) \{")
-                       v.indent
-                       var n = variable.decl
-                       assert n isa AClosureDecl
-                       var s = n.do_compile_inside(v, cargs)
-                       if s != null then v.add_assignment(va.as(not null), s)
-                       v.unindent
-                       v.add_instr("} else \{")
-                       v.indent
-               end
-
-               var ivar = v.cfc.varname(variable)
-               var cargs2 = [ivar]
-               cargs2.append(cargs)
-               var s = "(({variable.ctypename})({ivar}->fun))({cargs2.join(", ")}) /* Invoke closure {variable} */"
-               if va != null then
-                       v.add_assignment(va, s)
-               else
-                       v.add_instr("{s};")
-               end
-               v.add_instr("if ({ivar}->has_broke) \{")
-               v.indent
-               if n_closure_defs.length == 1 then do
-                       n_closure_defs.first.do_compile_inside(v, null)
-               end
-               if v.cfc.closure == v.nmc then v.add_instr("if ({ivar}->has_broke) \{ closctx->has_broke = {ivar}->has_broke; closctx->broke_value = {ivar}->broke_value;\}")
-               v.add_instr("goto {v.nmc.return_label};")
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("\}")
-
-               if variable.closure.is_optional then
-                       v.unindent
-                       v.add_instr("\}")
-               end
-               return va
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               assert e != null
-               return e
-       end
-
-       redef fun compile_stmt(v)
-       do
-               var e = intern_compile_call(v)
-               if e != null then
-                       v.add_instr(e + ";")
-               end
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AProxyExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               return v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-       end
-end
-
-redef class AOnceExpr
-       redef fun compile_expr(v)
-       do
-               var i = v.new_number
-               var cvar = v.cfc.get_var("Once expression result")
-               v.add_decl("static val_t once_value_{i}; static int once_bool_{i}; /* Once value for {cvar}*/")
-               v.add_instr("if (once_bool_{i}) {cvar} = once_value_{i};")
-               v.add_instr("else \{")
-               v.indent
-               v.cfc.free_var(cvar)
-               var e = v.compile_expr(n_expr)
-               v.add_assignment(cvar, e)
-               v.add_instr("once_value_{i} = {cvar};")
-               v.add_instr("once_bool_{i} = true;")
-               v.unindent
-               v.add_instr("}")
-               return cvar
-       end
-end