ni: use MMMethod#global.is_init instead of MMMethod#is_init

[nit.git] / src / compiling / compiling_icode.nit

# This file is part of NIT ( http://www.nitlanguage.org ).
#
# Copyright 2009 Jean Privat <jean@pryen.org>
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Generate C code from intermediate code representation
package compiling_icode

import icode
private import analysis
import compiling_base

# Compiler context from ICode to C
class I2CCompilerVisitor
        # Associate things
        var _ids: HashMap[Object, String] = new HashMap[Object, String]
        # Associate other things
        var _ids2: HashMap[Object, String] = new HashMap[Object, String]

        # Return the string associated with a register
        fun register(e: IRegister): String
        do
                if e.stype isa MMTypeNone then return "NIT_NULL"
                var ids = _ids
                if closure and not e.is_local then ids = _ids2
                if ids.has_key(e) then
                        return ids[e]
                else
                        var i = e.slot_index
                        if i == null then
                                # The register is dead
                                var s = "NIT_NULL"
                                ids[e] = s
                                return s
                        else
                                var s: String
                                var strs: HashMap[Int, String]
                                if e.in_tag_slots then
                                        strs = once new HashMap[Int, String]
                                        if not strs.has_key(i) then strs[i] = "REGB{i}"
                                else if closure and not e.is_local then
                                        strs = once new HashMap[Int, String]
                                        if not strs.has_key(i) then strs[i] = "closctx->REG[{i}]"
                                else
                                        strs = once new HashMap[Int, String]
                                        if not strs.has_key(i) then strs[i] = "fra.me.REG[{i}]"
                                end
                                s = strs[i]
                                ids[e] = s
                                return s
                        end
                end
        end

        # Return the strings associated with registers
        fun registers(a: Collection[IRegister]): Array[String]
        do
                var r = new Array[String].with_capacity(a.length)
                for e in a do
                        r.add(register(e))
                end
                return r
        end

        var _last_number: Int = 0
        # Give a new unique number (unique for the visitor)
        fun new_number: Int
        do
                _last_number += 1
                return _last_number
        end

        # Return the string associated with a escape label
        fun lab(e: ISeq): String
        do
                if _ids.has_key(e) then
                        return _ids[e]
                else
                        var s = "label{new_number}"
                        _ids[e] = s
                        return s
                end
        end

        # The rank (number) of each closure
        readable var _closures: HashMap[IClosureDecl, String] = new HashMap[IClosureDecl, String]

        # The functionnal type of each closure
        readable var _clostypes: HashMap[IClosureDecl, String] = new HashMap[IClosureDecl, String]

        # label locally accessibles
        readable writable var _local_labels: HashSet[ISeq] = new HashSet[ISeq]

        # Not local escaped labels
        # The integer value is an index identifying the label
        readable writable var _escaped_labels: HashMap[ISeq, Int] = new HashMap[ISeq, Int]

        # Register a escape to a non local label and return an index identifying the label
        fun register_escape_label(e: ISeq): Int
        do
                if _escaped_labels.has_key(e) then
                        return _escaped_labels[e]
                else
                        var res = _escaped_labels.length + 1
                        _escaped_labels[e] = res
                        return res
                end
        end

        # Add a C label mark (if needed)
        fun add_label(e: ISeq)
        do
                if _ids.has_key(e) then
                        add_instr("{_ids[e]}: while(0);")
                end
        end

        # Add a goto to a label (even outside a closure)
        fun add_goto(seq: ISeq)
        do
                if local_labels.has(seq) then
                        add_instr("goto {lab(seq)};")
                else
                        assert closure
                        var ind = register_escape_label(seq)
                        add_instr("closctx->has_broke = {ind};")
                        add_instr("goto {lab(return_label.as(not null))};")
                end
        end

        # Association between IEscapeMarks and visited ISeq
        readable var _marks_to_seq: Map[IEscapeMark, ISeq] = new HashMap[IEscapeMark, ISeq]

        # Are we in a closure ?
        readable writable var _closure: Bool = false

        # The current compiler visitor
        readable var _visitor: CompilerVisitor

        # The current compiled iroutine
        readable var _iroutine: IRoutine

        # The return label of the current compiling C function
        readable writable var _return_label: nullable ISeq = null

        fun add_decl(s: String)
        do
                visitor.add_decl(s)
        end

        # Prepare a new instuction (indent, comment)
        # Caller must ensure to add a new line to finish its instr
        fun new_instr: Writer
        do
                var w = visitor.writer
                var l = _next_location
                if l != null then
                        visitor.add_indent(w)
                        w.add("/* ")
                        w.add(l.file.filename)
                        w.add(":")
                        w.add(l.line_start.to_s)
                        w.add(" */\n")
                        _next_location = null
                end
                visitor.add_indent(w)
                return w
        end

        fun add_instr(s: String)
        do
                new_instr.add(s).add("\n")
        end

        fun indent
        do
                visitor.indent
        end

        fun unindent
        do
                visitor.unindent
        end

        fun add_assignment(to, from: String)
        do
                visitor.add_assignment(to, from)
        end

        var _last_location: nullable Location = null
        var _next_location: nullable Location = null

        # Add location information in a comment
        # Do nothing if the last location added is the same
        fun add_location(l: nullable Location)
        do
                var last = _last_location
                if last == l or l == null then return
                _last_location = l
                if last != null and last.file == l.file and last.line_start == l.line_start then
                        return
                else
                        _next_location = l
                end
        end

        # The C fonction name of the iroutine
        readable var _basecname: String

        init(v: CompilerVisitor, ir: IRoutine, cname: String)
        do
                _visitor = v
                _iroutine = ir
                _basecname = cname
        end
end

redef class IRoutine
        # Declare and start a C function that match the routine
        # Return what must be given to compile_inside_to_c or to compile_to_c
        # After the method, an openinig { and and indent is added.
        # So, do not forget to add a sub_context, to unintent and to add a closing }
        fun compile_signature_to_c(v: CompilerVisitor, cname: String, human_name: nullable String, before_params, after_params: nullable String): Array[String]
        do
                var cargs = new Array[String]
                var cparams = new Array[String]
                if before_params != null then cparams.add(before_params)
                for i in [0..params.length[ do
                        cargs.add("p{i}")
                        cparams.add("val_t p{i}")
                end
                if closure_decls != null then
                        cparams.add("struct stack_frame_t *closctx_param")
                        for i in [0..closure_decls.length[ do
                                var closcn = "CLOS_{cname}_{i}"
                                var cs = closure_decls[i].closure.signature
                                var subparams = new Array[String] # Parameters of the closure
                                subparams.add("struct stack_frame_t *")
                                for j in [0..cs.arity[ do
                                        subparams.add("val_t")
                                end
                                var rr = "void"
                                if cs.return_type != null then rr = "val_t"
                                v.add_decl("typedef {rr} (*{closcn})({subparams.join(", ")});")
                                cargs.add("clos_fun{i}")
                                cparams.add("fun_t clos_fun{i}")
                        end
                end
                if after_params != null then cparams.add(after_params)
                var r = "void"
                if result != null then r = "val_t"
                var p: String
                if cparams.is_empty then
                        p = "void"
                else
                        p = cparams.join(", ")
                end
                if human_name != null then v.add_decl("static const char * const LOCATE_{cname} = \"{human_name}\";")
                v.add_decl("{r} {cname}({p});")
                v.add_decl("typedef {r} (*{cname}_t)({p});")
                v.add_instr("{r} {cname}({p})\{")
                v.indent
                return cargs
        end

        # Compile the body of the routine, return the result value is any
        fun compile_inside_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor, args: Array[String]): nullable String
        do
                # Create and push the stack frame
                var ll = 0
                if location != null then
                        ll = location.line_start
                end
                # Encapsulate the frame ('me') in a larger structure ('fra') that has enough space to store the local variables (REG)
                if std_slots_nb > 1 then
                        v.add_decl("struct \{struct stack_frame_t me; val_t MORE_REG[{std_slots_nb-1}];\} fra;")
                else
                        v.add_decl("struct \{struct stack_frame_t me;\} fra;")
                end
                v.add_instr("fra.me.prev = stack_frame_head; stack_frame_head = &fra.me;")
                v.add_instr("fra.me.file = LOCATE_{v.visitor.mmmodule.cname};")
                v.add_instr("fra.me.line = {ll};")
                v.add_instr("fra.me.meth = LOCATE_{v.basecname};")
                v.add_instr("fra.me.has_broke = 0;")
                v.add_instr("fra.me.REG_size = {std_slots_nb};")

                # Declare/initialize local variables
                for i in [0..std_slots_nb[ do
                        v.add_instr("fra.me.REG[{i}] = NIT_NULL;")
                end
                for i in [0..tag_slots_nb[ do
                        v.add_decl("val_t REGB{i};")
                end
                var iclosdecls = closure_decls
                if iclosdecls != null then
                        v.add_decl("fun_t CREG[{iclosdecls.length}];")
                        v.add_instr("fra.me.closure_ctx = closctx_param;")
                        v.add_instr("fra.me.closure_funs = CREG;")
                end
                var k = 0
                for r in params do
                        if r.slot_index != null then v.add_assignment(v.register(r), args[k])
                        k += 1
                end
                if iclosdecls != null then
                        for i in [0..iclosdecls.length[ do
                                var iclosdecl = iclosdecls[i]
                                v.add_instr("CREG[{i}] = {args[params.length+i]};")
                                v.closures[iclosdecl] = i.to_s
                                var cs = iclosdecl.closure.signature # Closure signature
                                var subparams = new Array[String] # Parameters of the closure
                                subparams.add("struct stack_frame_t *")
                                for j in [0..cs.arity[ do
                                        var p = "val_t"
                                        subparams.add(p)
                                end
                                var r = "void"
                                if cs.return_type != null then r = "val_t"
                                v.clostypes[iclosdecl] = "{r} (*)({subparams.join(", ")})"
                        end
                end
                v.add_decl("val_t tmp;")

                # Prepare return
                var old_rl = v.return_label
                v.return_label = body

                # Compile body
                body.compile_to_c(v)

                v.add_instr("stack_frame_head = fra.me.prev;")
                v.return_label = old_rl
                var r = result
                if r != null then
                        return v.register(r)
                else
                        return null
                end
        end

        # Full compilation of the routine
        # cv must be in the correct function
        fun compile_to_c(cv: CompilerVisitor, cname: String, args: Array[String]): nullable String
        do
                var v = new I2CCompilerVisitor(cv, self, cname)
                return compile_inside_to_c(v, args)
        end
end

redef class ICode
        # Full compilation of the icode
        fun compile_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor) is abstract

        # Is a result really needed
        private fun need_result: Bool
        do
                var r = result
                return r != null and r.slot_index != null
        end

        # Store s in the result value of self
        private fun store_result(v: I2CCompilerVisitor, w: nullable Writer)
        do
                var r = result
                if r != null and r.slot_index != null then
                        assert w != null
                        var w2 = v.new_instr
                        w2.add(v.register(r))
                        w2.add(" = ")
                        w2.append(w)
                        w2.add(";\n")
                else if w != null and not is_pure then
                        # ICode with side effects must be evaluated
                        # even if the result is not wanted
                        var w2 = v.new_instr
                        w2.append(w)
                        w2.add(";\n")
                end
        end

        # Prepare a writer if the expression icode need to be compiled
        # * Result assigment is automatic if needed
        private fun new_result(v: I2CCompilerVisitor): Writer
        do
                assert need_result or not is_pure
                var w2 = v.new_instr
                var r = result
                if r != null and r.slot_index != null then
                        w2.add(v.register(r))
                        w2.add(" = ")
                end
                var w = w2.sub
                w2.add(";\n")
                return w
        end
end

redef class ISeq
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                v.local_labels.add(self)
                var mark = iescape_mark
                if mark != null then v.marks_to_seq[mark] = self
                for ic in icodes do
                        ic.compile_to_c(v)
                end
                v.add_label(self)
        end
end

redef class IIf
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = v.new_instr
                w.add("if (UNTAG_Bool(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add(")) \{\n")
                if not then_seq.icodes.is_empty then
                        v.indent
                        then_seq.compile_to_c(v)
                        v.unindent
                end
                if not else_seq.icodes.is_empty then
                        v.add_instr("\} else \{")
                        v.indent
                        else_seq.compile_to_c(v)
                        v.unindent
                end
                v.add_instr("\}")
        end
end

redef class ILoop
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                v.local_labels.add(self)
                var mark = iescape_mark
                if mark != null then v.marks_to_seq[mark] = self
                v.add_instr("while(1) \{")
                v.indent
                for ic in icodes do
                        ic.compile_to_c(v)
                end
                v.unindent
                v.add_instr("\}")
                v.add_label(self)
        end
end

redef class IEscape
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                v.add_goto(v.marks_to_seq[iescape_mark])
        end
end

redef class IAbsCall
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var args = v.registers(exprs)

                # Compile closure definitions
                var old_el = v.escaped_labels
                var closdefs = closure_defs
                var closctx: nullable String = null # The closure context of closdefs
                if closdefs != null then
                        # Get the closure context
                        if v.closure then
                                closctx = "closctx"
                        else
                                closctx = "(&(fra.me))"
                        end

                        # First aditionnal arguments is the closure context
                        args.add(closctx)

                        # We are in a new escape boundary
                        v.escaped_labels = new HashMap[ISeq, Int]

                        # Compile each closures and add each sub-function as an other additionnal parameter
                        for cd in closdefs do
                                if cd != null then
                                        var cn = cd.compile_closure(v)
                                        args.add(cn)
                                else
                                        args.add("NULL")
                                end
                        end
                end

                # Compile the real call
                var call = compile_call_to_c(v, args)
                var res: nullable Writer = call

                # Intercept escapes
                if closctx != null then
                        var els = v.escaped_labels
                        v.escaped_labels = old_el
                        # Is there possible escapes?
                        if not els.is_empty then
                                # Call in a tmp variable to avoid 'break' overwrite
                                var w = v.new_instr
                                if need_result then
                                        w.add("tmp")
                                        w.add(" = ")
                                        w.append(call)
                                        w.add(";\n")
                                        res = new Writer
                                        res.add("tmp")
                                else
                                        res = null
                                        w.append(call)
                                        w.add(";\n")
                                end
                                # What are the expected escape indexes
                                v.new_instr.add("switch (").add(closctx).add("->has_broke) \{\n")
                                v.indent
                                # No escape occured, continue as usual
                                v.add_instr("case 0: break;")
                                var lls = v.local_labels
                                var iels = els.iterator
                                var forward_escape = false
                                while iels.is_ok do
                                        var seq = iels.key
                                        if lls.has(seq) then
                                                # Local escape occured
                                                # Clear the has_broke information and go to the target
                                                v.new_instr.add("case ").add(iels.item.to_s).add(": ").add(closctx).add("->has_broke = 0; goto ").add(v.lab(seq)).add(";\n")
                                        else
                                                # Forward escape occured: register the escape label
                                                assert v.closure
                                                v.register_escape_label(seq)
                                                forward_escape = true
                                        end
                                        iels.next
                                end
                                # If forward escape occured, just pass to the next one
                                if forward_escape then
                                        # Do not need to copy 'has_broke' value since it is shared by the next one.
                                        # So just exit the C function.
                                        v.new_instr.add("default: goto ").add(v.lab(v.return_label.as(not null))).add(";\n")
                                end
                                v.unindent
                                v.add_instr("\}")
                        end
                end

                if res != null then
                        var w = new_result(v)
                        w.append(res)
                end
        end

        # The single invocation witout fancy stuffs
        private fun compile_call_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor, args: Array[String]): Writer is abstract
end

redef class ICall
        redef fun compile_call_to_c(v, args)
        do
                var w = new Writer
                
                # do not compile explicit calls from native methods
                # theses are really manually called in the native implementation
                if is_explicit_from_extern then return w

                var prop = property
                if prop.global.is_init then args.add("init_table")
                w.add(prop.global.meth_call)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(args.first)
                w.add(")(")
                w.add_all(args, ", ")
                w.add(")")
                return w
        end
end

redef class ISuper
        redef fun compile_call_to_c(v, args)
        do
                # do not compile explicit calls from native methods
                # theses are really manually called in the native implementation
                if is_explicit_from_extern then return new Writer

                var prop = property
                if prop.global.is_init then args.add("init_table")
                var w = new Writer
                w.add(prop.super_meth_call)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(args.first)
                w.add(")(")
                w.add_all(args, ", ")
                w.add(")")
                return w
        end
end

redef class INew
        redef fun compile_call_to_c(v, args)
        do
                var w = new Writer

                # do not compile explicit calls from native methods
                # theses are really manually called in the native implementation
                if is_explicit_from_extern then return w

                w.add("NEW_")
                w.add(stype.local_class.to_s)
                w.add("_")
                w.add(property.global.intro.cname)
                w.add("(")
                w.add_all(args, ", ")
                w.add(")")
                return w
        end
end

redef class IAllocateInstance
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("NEW_")
                w.add(stype.local_class.cname)
                w.add("()")
        end
end

redef class ICheckInstance
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("CHECKNEW_")
                w.add(stype.local_class.cname)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add(")")
        end
end

redef class IInitAttributes
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = v.new_instr
                w.add("INIT_ATTRIBUTES__")
                w.add(stype.local_class.cname)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add(");\n")
        end
end

redef class IStaticCall
        redef fun compile_call_to_c(v, args)
        do
                var prop = property
                if prop.global.is_init then args.add("init_table")
                var w = new Writer
                w.add(property.cname)
                w.add("(")
                w.add_all(args, ", ")
                w.add(")")
                return w
        end
end

redef class INative
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                if method.is_intern then
                        compile_intern_method_to_c(v)
                else if not method.global.is_init then
                        compile_extern_method_to_c(v)
                end
        end

        fun compile_extern_method_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor)
        do
                var ename = "{method.friendly_extern_name(method.local_class)}___out"

                var sig = method.signature
                assert exprs.length == sig.arity + 1

                var regs = v.registers(exprs)

                var args = new Array[String]
                args.add(regs[0])
                for i in [0..sig.arity[ do
                        args.add(regs[i+1])
                end
                var s = "{ename}({args.join(", ")})"

                if need_result then s = s # sig.return_type.boxtype(s)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add(s)
        end

        fun compile_intern_method_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor)
        do
                var sig = method.signature
                assert exprs.length == sig.arity + 1
                var c = method.local_class.name
                var n = method.name
                var regs = v.registers(exprs)
                var s: nullable String = null
                if c == once "Int".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = regs[0]
                        else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(-UNTAG_Int({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
                                s = "printf(\"%ld\\n\", UNTAG_Int({regs[0]}));"
                        else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "succ".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})+1)"
                        else if n == once "prec".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})-1)"
                        else if n == once "to_f".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float((float)UNTAG_Int({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})+UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})-UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})*UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})/UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "%".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})%UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})<UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})>UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})<=UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})>=UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "lshift".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})<<UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "rshift".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Int({regs[0]})>>UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})==({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})!=({regs[1]}))"
                        end
                else if c == once "Float".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int((bigint)UNBOX_Float({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float(-UNBOX_Float({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
                                s = "printf(\"%f\\n\", UNBOX_Float({regs[0]}));"
                        else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int((bigint)UNBOX_Float({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})+UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})-UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})*UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
                                s = "BOX_Float(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})/UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})<UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})>UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})<=UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNBOX_Float({regs[0]})>=UNBOX_Float({regs[1]}))"
                        end
                else if c == once "Char".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(-UNTAG_Char({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
                                s = "printf(\"%c\", (unsigned char)UNTAG_Char({regs[0]}));"
                        else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int((unsigned char)UNTAG_Char({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "succ".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})+1)"
                        else if n == once "prec".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})-1)"
                        else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})-'0')"
                        else if n == once "+".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})+UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "-".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})-UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "*".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})*UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "/".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})/UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "%".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})%UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})<UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})>UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "<=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})<=UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once ">=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Char({regs[0]})>=UNTAG_Char({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})==({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})!=({regs[1]}))"
                        end
                else if c == once "Bool".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Bool({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "unary -".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(-UNTAG_Bool({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "output".to_symbol then
                                s = "(void)printf(UNTAG_Bool({regs[0]})?\"true\\n\":\"false\\n\");"
                        else if n == once "ascii".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(UNTAG_Bool({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "to_i".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNTAG_Bool({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "==".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})==({regs[1]}))"
                        else if n == once "!=".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Bool(({regs[0]})!=({regs[1]}))"
                        end
                else if c == once "NativeArray".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(((Nit_NativeArray){regs[0]})->object_id)"
                        else if n == once "[]".to_symbol then
                                s = "((Nit_NativeArray){regs[0]})->val[UNTAG_Int({regs[1]})]"
                        else if n == once "[]=".to_symbol then
                                s = "((Nit_NativeArray){regs[0]})->val[UNTAG_Int({regs[1]})]={regs[2]}"
                        else if n == once "copy_to".to_symbol then
                                s = "(void)memcpy(((Nit_NativeArray ){regs[1]})->val, ((Nit_NativeArray){regs[0]})->val, UNTAG_Int({regs[2]})*sizeof(val_t))"
                        end
                else if c == once "NativeString".to_symbol then
                        if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(UNBOX_NativeString({regs[0]}))"
                        else if n == once "atoi".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Int(atoi(UNBOX_NativeString({regs[0]})))"
                        else if n == once "[]".to_symbol then
                                s = "TAG_Char(UNBOX_NativeString({regs[0]})[UNTAG_Int({regs[1]})])"
                        else if n == once "[]=".to_symbol then
                                s = "UNBOX_NativeString({regs[0]})[UNTAG_Int({regs[1]})]=UNTAG_Char({regs[2]});"
                        else if n == once "copy_to".to_symbol then
                                s = "(void)memcpy(UNBOX_NativeString({regs[1]})+UNTAG_Int({regs[4]}), UNBOX_NativeString({regs[0]})+UNTAG_Int({regs[3]}), UNTAG_Int({regs[2]}));"
                        end
                else if n == once "object_id".to_symbol then
                        s = "TAG_Int((bigint)((obj_t){regs[0]})[1].object_id)"
                else if n == once "sys".to_symbol then
                        s = "(G_sys)"
                else if n == once "is_same_type".to_symbol then
                        s = "TAG_Bool((VAL2VFT({regs[0]})==VAL2VFT({regs[1]})))"
                else if n == once "exit".to_symbol then
                        s = "exit(UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}));"
                else if n == once "calloc_array".to_symbol then
                        s = "NEW_NativeArray(UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}), sizeof(val_t))"
                else if n == once "calloc_string".to_symbol then
                        s = "BOX_NativeString((char*)raw_alloc((UNTAG_Int({regs[1]}) * sizeof(char))))"
                # Add output_class_name native implementation
                else if n == once "output_class_name".to_symbol then
                        s = "printf(\"%s\\n\", VAL2VFT({regs[0]})[2].cname);"
                # Add class_name implementation
                else if n == once "native_class_name".to_symbol then
                        s = "BOX_NativeString(VAL2VFT({regs[0]})[2].cname);"
                end

                if s == null then
                        var ll = location
                        if ll != null then v.add_instr("fprintf(stderr, \"{ll.to_s}: \");")
                        v.add_instr("fprintf(stderr, \"Fatal error: unknown intern method {method.full_name}.\\n\");")
                        v.add_instr("nit_exit(1);")
                        s = "NIT_NULL"
                end
                if result == null then
                        v.new_instr.add(s).add(";\n")
                else if need_result then
                        var w = new_result(v)
                        w.add(s)
                end
        end
end

redef class IIntValue
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Int(").add(value.to_s).add(")")
        end
end

redef class IBoolValue
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(")
                if value then w.add("true") else w.add("false")
                w.add(")")
        end
end

redef class ICharValue
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Char(").add(value).add(")")
        end
end

redef class IFloatValue
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("BOX_Float(").add(value).add(")")
        end
end

redef class IStringValue
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("BOX_NativeString(\"").add(value).add("\")")
        end
end

redef class IAbort
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = v.new_instr
                w.add("nit_abort(\"")
                w.add(texts[0])
                if texts.length > 1 then
                        w.add("\", \"")
                        w.add(texts[1])
                        w.add("\"")
                else
                        w.add("\", NULL")
                end
                w.add(", LOCATE_")
                w.add(module_location.cname)
                var ll = location
                if ll != null then
                        w.add(", ")
                        w.add(ll.line_start.to_s)
                else
                        w.add(", 0")
                end
                w.add(");\n")
        end
end

redef class IMove
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                var e = v.register(expr)
                var r = v.register(result.as(not null))
                if e == r then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = v.new_instr
                w.add(r)
                w.add(" = ")
                w.add(e)
                w.add(";\n")
        end
end

redef class IAttrRead
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add(property.global.attr_access)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add(")")
        end
end

redef class IAttrIsset
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(")
                w.add(property.global.attr_access)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add(")!=NIT_NULL)")
        end
end

redef class IAttrWrite
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = v.new_instr
                w.add(property.global.attr_access)
                w.add("(")
                w.add(v.register(expr1))
                w.add(") = ")
                w.add(v.register(expr2))
                w.add(";\n")
        end
end

redef class ITypeCheck
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                # FIXME handle formaltypes
                v.add_location(location)
                var g = stype.local_class.global
                var recv = v.register(expr)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(")
                if expr.stype.is_nullable then
                        if stype.is_nullable then
                                w.add("(")
                                w.add(recv)
                                w.add("==NIT_NULL) || ")
                        else if stype.as_nullable == expr.stype then
                                w.add(recv)
                                w.add("!=NIT_NULL)")
                                return
                        else
                                w.add("(")
                                w.add(recv)
                                w.add("!=NIT_NULL) && ")
                        end
                end
                w.add("VAL_ISA(")
                w.add(recv)
                w.add(", ")
                w.add(g.color_id)
                w.add(", ")
                w.add(g.id_id)
                w.add(")) /*cast ")
                w.add(stype.to_s)
                w.add("*/")
        end
end

redef class IIs
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(")
                var t1 = expr1.stype
                var t2 = expr2.stype
                if t1 isa MMTypeNone then
                        if t2 isa MMTypeNone then
                                w.add("1)")
                                return
                        else if t2.is_nullable then
                                w.add(v.register(expr2))
                                w.add("==NIT_NULL)")
                                return
                        else
                                w.add("0)")
                                return
                        end
                else if t1.is_nullable then
                        if t2 isa MMTypeNone then
                                w.add(v.register(expr1))
                                w.add("==NIT_NULL)")
                                return
                        else if t2.is_nullable then
                                w.add("IS_EQUAL_NN(")
                        else
                                w.add("IS_EQUAL_ON(")
                                w.add(v.register(expr2))
                                w.add(",")
                                w.add(v.register(expr1))
                                w.add("))")
                                return
                        end
                else
                        if t2 isa MMTypeNone then
                                w.add("0)")
                                return
                        else if t2.is_nullable then
                                w.add("IS_EQUAL_ON(")
                        else
                                w.add("IS_EQUAL_OO(")
                        end
                end
                w.add(v.register(expr1))
                w.add(",")
                w.add(v.register(expr2))
                w.add("))")
        end
end

redef class INot
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(!UNTAG_Bool(")
                w.add(v.register(expr))
                w.add("))")
        end
end

redef class IOnce
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var i = v.new_number
                var res = result.as(not null)
                if res.stype.is_nullable then
                        v.add_decl("static val_t once_value_{i}; static int once_bool_{i}; /* Once value */")
                        v.add_instr("if (!once_bool_{i}) \{")
                else
                        # Since the value is not nullable, we use the null value to represent the boolean
                        v.add_decl("static val_t once_value_{i}; /* Once value */")
                        v.add_instr("if (!once_value_{i}) \{")
                end
                v.indent
                body.compile_to_c(v)
                var e = v.register(res)
                v.add_instr("once_value_{i} = {e};")
                v.add_instr("register_static_object(&once_value_{i});")
                if res.stype.is_nullable then v.add_instr("once_bool_{i} = true;")
                v.unindent
                v.add_instr("\} else {e} = once_value_{i};")
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add(e)
        end
end

redef class IClosCall
        redef fun compile_to_c(v: I2CCompilerVisitor)
        do
                v.add_location(location)
                var ivar: String
                var args: Array[String]
                if v.closure then
                        ivar = "closctx->closure_funs[{v.closures[closure_decl]}]"
                        args = ["closctx->closure_ctx"]
                else
                        ivar = "CREG[{v.closures[closure_decl]}]"
                        args = ["closctx_param"]
                end
                args.append(v.registers(exprs))

                var s = "(({v.clostypes[closure_decl]})({ivar}))({args.join(", ")})"
                var w = new Writer
                w.add(s)
                store_result(v, w)

                # Intercept escape
                v.add_instr("if ({args.first}->has_broke) \{")
                v.indent
                var bs = break_seq
                if bs != null then
                        bs.compile_to_c(v)
                end
                v.add_goto(v.iroutine.body)
                v.unindent
                v.add_instr("\}")
        end
end

redef class IHasClos
        redef fun compile_to_c(v)
        do
                if not need_result then return
                v.add_location(location)
                var w = new_result(v)
                w.add("TAG_Bool(")
                if v.closure then
                        w.add("closctx->closure_funs[")
                        w.add(v.closures[closure_decl])
                        w.add("]")
                else
                        w.add("CREG[")
                        w.add(v.closures[closure_decl])
                        w.add("]")
                end
                w.add(" != NULL)")
        end
end

redef class IClosureDef
        # Compile the closure as a separate C function in the visitor out_contexts.
        # Return a fun_t pointer to the function.
        fun compile_closure(v: I2CCompilerVisitor): String
        do
                var cv = v.visitor

                # We are now in a closure
                var cfc_old = v.closure
                v.closure = true

                # We are now in a escape boundary
                var lls_old = v.local_labels
                v.local_labels = new HashSet[ISeq]

                # We are now in a new C context
                var decl_writer_old = cv.decl_writer
                var writer_old = cv.writer
                cv.writer = cv.top_writer.sub
                cv.decl_writer = cv.header_writer.sub

                # Generate the C function
                var cname = "OC_{v.basecname}_{v.new_number}"
                var args = compile_signature_to_c(v.visitor, cname, null, "struct stack_frame_t *closctx", null)
                cv.decl_writer = cv.writer.sub

                var s = compile_inside_to_c(v, args)
                if s == null then
                        v.add_instr("return;")
                else
                        v.add_instr("return {s};")
                end
                v.unindent
                v.add_instr("\}")

                # Restore things
                cv.writer = writer_old
                cv.decl_writer = decl_writer_old
                v.closure = cfc_old
                v.local_labels = lls_old
                return "((fun_t){cname})"
        end
end