markdown: escape the meta information of code block in html

[nit.git] / lib / markdown / markdown.nit

# This file is part of NIT ( http://www.nitlanguage.org ).
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# Markdown parsing.
module markdown

import template

# Parse a markdown string and split it in blocks.
#
# Blocks are then outputed by an `MarkdownEmitter`.
#
# Usage:
#
#    var proc = new MarkdownProcessor
#    var html = proc.process("**Hello World!**")
#    assert html == "<p><strong>Hello World!</strong></p>\n"
#
# SEE: `String::md_to_html` for a shortcut.
class MarkdownProcessor

        # `MarkdownEmitter` used for ouput.
        var emitter: MarkdownEmitter is noinit, protected writable

        # Work in extended mode (default).
        #
        # Behavior changes when using extended mode:
        #
        # * Lists and code blocks end a paragraph
        #
        #   In normal markdown the following:
        #
        # ~~~md
        # This is a paragraph
        # * and this is not a list
        # ~~~
        #
        #   Will produce:
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <p>This is a paragraph
        # * and this is not a list</p>
        # ~~~
        #
        #   When using extended mode this changes to:
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <p>This is a paragraph</p>
        # <ul>
        # <li>and this is not a list</li>
        # </ul>
        # ~~~
        #
        # * Fences code blocks
        #
        #   If you don't want to indent your all your code with 4 spaces,
        #   you can wrap your code in ``` ``` ``` or `~~~`.
        #
        #   Here's an example:
        #
        # ~~~md
        # fun test do
        #    print "Hello World!"
        # end
        # ~~~
        #
        # * Code blocks meta
        #
        #   If you want to use syntax highlighting tools, most of them need to know what kind
        #   of language they are highlighting.
        #   You can add an optional language identifier after the fence declaration to output
        #   it in the HTML render.
        #
        # ```nit
        # import markdown
        #
        # print "# Hello World!".md_to_html
        # ```
        #
        #   Becomes
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <pre class="nit"><code>import markdown
        #
        # print "Hello World!".md_to_html
        # </code></pre>
        # ~~~
        #
        # * Underscores (Emphasis)
        #
        #   Underscores in the middle of a word like:
        #
        # ~~~md
        # Con_cat_this
        # ~~~
        #
        #   normally produces this:
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <p>Con<em>cat</em>this</p>
        # ~~~
        #
        #   With extended mode they don't result in emphasis.
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <p>Con_cat_this</p>
        # ~~~
        #
        # * Strikethrough
        #
        #   Like in [GFM](https://help.github.com/articles/github-flavored-markdown),
        #   strikethrought span is marked with `~~`.
        #
        # ~~~md
        # ~~Mistaken text.~~
        # ~~~
        #
        #   becomes
        #
        # ~~~html
        # <del>Mistaken text.</del>
        # ~~~
        var ext_mode = true

        init do self.emitter = new MarkdownEmitter(self)

        # Process the mardown `input` string and return the processed output.
        fun process(input: String): Writable do
                # init processor
                link_refs.clear
                last_link_ref = null
                current_line = null
                current_block = null
                # parse markdown
                var parent = read_lines(input)
                parent.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                recurse(parent, false)
                # output processed text
                return emitter.emit(parent.kind)
        end

        # Split `input` string into `MDLines` and create a parent `MDBlock` with it.
        private fun read_lines(input: String): MDBlock do
                var block = new MDBlock(new MDLocation(1, 1, 1, 1))
                var value = new FlatBuffer
                var i = 0

                var line_pos = 0
                var col_pos = 0

                while i < input.length do
                        value.clear
                        var pos = 0
                        var eol = false
                        while not eol and i < input.length do
                                col_pos += 1
                                var c = input[i]
                                if c == '\n' then
                                        eol = true
                                else if c == '\t' then
                                        var np = pos + (4 - (pos & 3))
                                        while pos < np do
                                                value.add ' '
                                                pos += 1
                                        end
                                else
                                        pos += 1
                                        value.add c
                                end
                                i += 1
                        end
                        line_pos += 1

                        var loc = new MDLocation(line_pos, 1, line_pos, col_pos)
                        var line = new MDLine(loc, value.write_to_string)
                        var is_link_ref = check_link_ref(line)
                        # Skip link refs
                        if not is_link_ref then block.add_line line
                        col_pos = 0
                end
                return block
        end

        # Check if line is a block link definition.
        # Return `true` if line contains a valid link ref and save it into `link_refs`.
        private fun check_link_ref(line: MDLine): Bool do
                var md = line.value
                var is_link_ref = false
                var id = new FlatBuffer
                var link = new FlatBuffer
                var comment = new FlatBuffer
                var pos = -1
                if not line.is_empty and line.leading < 4 and line.value[line.leading] == '[' then
                        pos = line.leading + 1
                        pos = md.read_until(id, pos, ']')
                        if not id.is_empty and pos + 2 < line.value.length then
                                if line.value[pos + 1] == ':' then
                                        pos += 2
                                        pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                                        if line.value[pos] == '<' then
                                                pos += 1
                                                pos = md.read_until(link, pos, '>')
                                                pos += 1
                                        else
                                                pos = md.read_until(link, pos, ' ', '\n')
                                        end
                                        if not link.is_empty then
                                                pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                                                if pos > 0 and pos < line.value.length then
                                                        var c = line.value[pos]
                                                        if c == '\"' or c == '\'' or c == '(' then
                                                                pos += 1
                                                                if c == '(' then
                                                                        pos = md.read_until(comment, pos, ')')
                                                                else
                                                                        pos = md.read_until(comment, pos, c)
                                                                end
                                                                if pos > 0 then is_link_ref = true
                                                        end
                                                else
                                                        is_link_ref = true
                                                end
                                        end
                                end
                        end
                end
                if is_link_ref and not id.is_empty and not link.is_empty then
                        var lr = new LinkRef.with_title(link.write_to_string, comment.write_to_string)
                        add_link_ref(id.write_to_string, lr)
                        if comment.is_empty then last_link_ref = lr
                        return true
                else
                        comment = new FlatBuffer
                        if not line.is_empty and last_link_ref != null then
                                pos = line.leading
                                var c = line.value[pos]
                                if c == '\"' or c == '\'' or c ==  '(' then
                                        pos += 1
                                        if c == '(' then
                                                pos = md.read_until(comment, pos, ')')
                                        else
                                                pos = md.read_until(comment, pos, c)
                                        end
                                end
                                if not comment.is_empty then last_link_ref.title = comment.write_to_string
                        end
                        if comment.is_empty then return false
                        return true
                end
        end

        # Known link refs
        # This list will be needed during output to expand links.
        var link_refs: Map[String, LinkRef] = new HashMap[String, LinkRef]

        # Last encountered link ref (for multiline definitions)
        #
        # Markdown allows link refs to be defined over two lines:
        #
        # ~~~md
        # [id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
        #       "Optional Title Here"
        # ~~~
        #
        private var last_link_ref: nullable LinkRef = null

        # Add a link ref to the list
        fun add_link_ref(key: String, ref: LinkRef) do link_refs[key.to_lower] = ref

        # Recursively split a `block`.
        #
        # The block is splitted according to the type of lines it contains.
        # Some blocks can be splited again recursively like lists.
        # The `in_list` mode is used to recurse on list and build
        # nested paragraphs or code blocks.
        fun recurse(root: MDBlock, in_list: Bool) do
                var old_mode = self.in_list
                var old_root = self.current_block
                self.in_list = in_list

                var line = root.first_line
                while line != null and line.is_empty do
                        line = line.next
                        if line == null then return
                end

                current_line = line
                current_block = root
                while current_line != null do
                        line_kind(current_line.as(not null)).process(self)
                end
                self.in_list = old_mode
                self.current_block = old_root
        end

        # Currently processed line.
        # Used when visiting blocks with `recurse`.
        var current_line: nullable MDLine = null is writable

        # Currently processed block.
        # Used when visiting blocks with `recurse`.
        var current_block: nullable MDBlock = null is writable

        # Is the current recursion in list mode?
        # Used when visiting blocks with `recurse`
        private var in_list = false

        # The type of line.
        # see: `md_line_*`
        fun line_kind(md: MDLine): Line do
                var value = md.value
                var leading = md.leading
                var trailing = md.trailing
                if md.is_empty then return new LineEmpty
                if md.leading > 3 then return new LineCode
                if value[leading] == '#' then return new LineHeadline
                if value[leading] == '>' then return new LineBlockquote

                if ext_mode then
                        if value.length - leading - trailing > 2 then
                                if value[leading] == '`' and md.count_chars_start('`') >= 3 then
                                        return new LineFence
                                end
                                if value[leading] == '~' and md.count_chars_start('~') >= 3 then
                                        return new LineFence
                                end
                        end
                end

                if value.length - leading - trailing > 2 and
                   (value[leading] == '*' or value[leading] == '-' or value[leading] == '_') then
                   if md.count_chars(value[leading]) >= 3 then
                                return new LineHR
                   end
                end

                if value.length - leading >= 2 and value[leading + 1] == ' ' then
                        var c = value[leading]
                        if c == '*' or c == '-' or c == '+' then return new LineUList
                end

                if value.length - leading >= 3 and value[leading].is_digit then
                        var i = leading + 1
                        while i < value.length and value[i].is_digit do i += 1
                        if i + 1 < value.length and value[i] == '.' and value[i + 1] == ' ' then
                                return new LineOList
                        end
                end

                if value[leading] == '<' and md.check_html then return new LineXML

                var next = md.next
                if next != null and not next.is_empty then
                        if next.count_chars('=') > 0 then
                                return new LineHeadline1
                        end
                        if next.count_chars('-') > 0 then
                                return new LineHeadline2
                        end
                end
                return new LineOther
        end

        # Get the token kind at `pos`.
        fun token_at(text: Text, pos: Int): Token do
                var c0: Char
                var c1: Char
                var c2: Char

                if pos > 0 then
                        c0 = text[pos - 1]
                else
                        c0 = ' '
                end
                var c = text[pos]

                if pos + 1 < text.length then
                        c1 = text[pos + 1]
                else
                        c1 = ' '
                end
                if pos + 2 < text.length then
                        c2 = text[pos + 2]
                else
                        c2 = ' '
                end

                var loc = new MDLocation(
                        current_loc.line_start,
                        current_loc.column_start + pos,
                        current_loc.line_start,
                        current_loc.column_start + pos)

                if c == '*' then
                        if c1 == '*' then
                                if c0 != ' ' or c2 != ' ' then
                                        return new TokenStrongStar(loc, pos, c)
                                else
                                        return new TokenEmStar(loc, pos, c)
                                end
                        end
                        if c0 != ' ' or c1 != ' ' then
                                return new TokenEmStar(loc, pos, c)
                        else
                                return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                        end
                else if c == '_' then
                        if c1 == '_' then
                                if c0 != ' ' or c2 != ' 'then
                                        return new TokenStrongUnderscore(loc, pos, c)
                                else
                                        return new TokenEmUnderscore(loc, pos, c)
                                end
                        end
                        if ext_mode then
                                if (c0.is_letter or c0.is_digit) and c0 != '_' and
                                   (c1.is_letter or c1.is_digit) then
                                        return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                                else
                                        return new TokenEmUnderscore(loc, pos, c)
                                end
                        end
                        if c0 != ' ' or c1 != ' ' then
                                return new TokenEmUnderscore(loc, pos, c)
                        else
                                return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                        end
                else if c == '!' then
                        if c1 == '[' then return new TokenImage(loc, pos, c)
                        return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                else if c == '[' then
                        return new TokenLink(loc, pos, c)
                else if c == ']' then
                        return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                else if c == '`' then
                        if c1 == '`' then
                                return new TokenCodeDouble(loc, pos, c)
                        else
                                return new TokenCodeSingle(loc, pos, c)
                        end
                else if c == '\\' then
                        if c1 == '\\' or c1 == '[' or c1 == ']' or c1 == '(' or c1 == ')' or c1 == '{' or c1 == '}' or c1 == '#' or c1 == '"' or c1 == '\'' or c1 == '.' or c1 == '<' or c1 == '>' or c1 == '*' or c1 == '+' or c1 == '-' or c1 == '_' or c1 == '!' or c1 == '`' or c1 == '~' or c1 == '^' then
                                return new TokenEscape(loc, pos, c)
                        else
                                return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                        end
                else if c == '<' then
                        return new TokenHTML(loc, pos, c)
                else if c == '&' then
                        return new TokenEntity(loc, pos, c)
                else
                        if ext_mode then
                                if c == '~' and c1 == '~' then
                                        return new TokenStrike(loc, pos, c)
                                end
                        end
                        return new TokenNone(loc, pos, c)
                end
        end

        # Find the position of a `token` in `self`.
        fun find_token(text: Text, start: Int, token: Token): Int do
                var pos = start
                while pos < text.length do
                        if token_at(text, pos).is_same_type(token) then
                                return pos
                        end
                        pos += 1
                end
                return -1
        end

        # Location used for next parsed token.
        #
        # This location can be changed by the emitter to adjust with `\n` found
        # in the input.
        private fun current_loc: MDLocation do return emitter.current_loc
end

# Emit output corresponding to blocks content.
#
# Blocks are created by a previous pass in `MarkdownProcessor`.
# The emitter use a `Decorator` to select the output format.
class MarkdownEmitter

        # Kind of processor used for parsing.
        type PROCESSOR: MarkdownProcessor

        # Processor containing link refs.
        var processor: PROCESSOR

        # Kind of decorator used for decoration.
        type DECORATOR: Decorator

        # Decorator used for output.
        # Default is `HTMLDecorator`
        var decorator: DECORATOR is writable, lazy do
                return new HTMLDecorator
        end

        # Create a new `MarkdownEmitter` using a custom `decorator`.
        init with_decorator(processor: PROCESSOR, decorator: DECORATOR) do
                init processor
                self.decorator = decorator
        end

        # Output `block` using `decorator` in the current buffer.
        fun emit(block: Block): Text do
                var buffer = push_buffer
                block.emit(self)
                pop_buffer
                return buffer
        end

        # Output the content of `block`.
        fun emit_in(block: Block) do block.emit_in(self)

        # Transform and emit mardown text
        fun emit_text(text: Text) do emit_text_until(text, 0, null)

        # Transform and emit mardown text starting at `start` and
        # until a token with the same type as `token` is found.
        # Go until the end of `text` if `token` is null.
        fun emit_text_until(text: Text, start: Int, token: nullable Token): Int do
                var old_text = current_text
                var old_pos = current_pos
                current_text = text
                current_pos = start
                while current_pos < text.length do
                        if text[current_pos] == '\n' then
                                current_loc.line_start += 1
                                current_loc.column_start = -current_pos
                        end
                        var mt = processor.token_at(text, current_pos)
                        if (token != null and not token isa TokenNone) and
                        (mt.is_same_type(token) or
                        (token isa TokenEmStar and mt isa TokenStrongStar) or
                        (token isa TokenEmUnderscore and mt isa TokenStrongUnderscore)) then
                                return current_pos
                        end
                        mt.emit(self)
                        current_pos += 1
                end
                current_text = old_text
                current_pos = old_pos
                return -1
        end

        # Currently processed position in `current_text`.
        # Used when visiting inline production with `emit_text_until`.
        private var current_pos: Int = -1

        # Currently processed text.
        # Used when visiting inline production with `emit_text_until`.
        private var current_text: nullable Text = null

        # Stacked buffers.
        private var buffer_stack = new List[FlatBuffer]

        # Push a new buffer on the stack.
        private fun push_buffer: FlatBuffer do
                var buffer = new FlatBuffer
                buffer_stack.add buffer
                return buffer
        end

        # Pop the last buffer.
        private fun pop_buffer do buffer_stack.pop

        # Current output buffer.
        private fun current_buffer: FlatBuffer do
                assert not buffer_stack.is_empty
                return buffer_stack.last
        end

        # Stacked locations.
        private var loc_stack = new List[MDLocation]

        # Push a new MDLocation on the stack.
        private fun push_loc(location: MDLocation) do loc_stack.add location

        # Pop the last buffer.
        private fun pop_loc: MDLocation do return loc_stack.pop

        # Current output buffer.
        private fun current_loc: MDLocation do
                assert not loc_stack.is_empty
                return loc_stack.last
        end

        # Append `e` to current buffer.
        fun add(e: Writable) do
                if e isa Text then
                        current_buffer.append e
                else
                        current_buffer.append e.write_to_string
                end
        end

        # Append `c` to current buffer.
        fun addc(c: Char) do add c.to_s

        # Append a "\n" line break.
        fun addn do add "\n"
end

# A Link Reference.
# Links that are specified somewhere in the mardown document to be reused as shortcuts.
#
# ~~~raw
# [1]: http://example.com/ "Optional title"
# ~~~
class LinkRef

        # Link href
        var link: String

        # Optional link title
        var title: nullable String = null

        # Is the link an abreviation?
        var is_abbrev = false

        # Create a link with a title.
        init with_title(link: String, title: nullable String) do
                self.link = link
                self.title = title
        end
end

# A `Decorator` is used to emit mardown into a specific format.
# Default decorator used is `HTMLDecorator`.
interface Decorator

        # Kind of emitter used for decoration.
        type EMITTER: MarkdownEmitter

        # Render a single plain char.
        #
        # Redefine this method to add special escaping for plain text.
        fun add_char(v: EMITTER, c: Char) do v.addc c

        # Render a ruler block.
        fun add_ruler(v: EMITTER, block: BlockRuler) is abstract

        # Render a headline block with corresponding level.
        fun add_headline(v: EMITTER, block: BlockHeadline) is abstract

        # Render a paragraph block.
        fun add_paragraph(v: EMITTER, block: BlockParagraph) is abstract

        # Render a code or fence block.
        fun add_code(v: EMITTER, block: BlockCode) is abstract

        # Render a blockquote.
        fun add_blockquote(v: EMITTER, block: BlockQuote) is abstract

        # Render an unordered list.
        fun add_unorderedlist(v: EMITTER, block: BlockUnorderedList) is abstract

        # Render an ordered list.
        fun add_orderedlist(v: EMITTER, block: BlockOrderedList) is abstract

        # Render a list item.
        fun add_listitem(v: EMITTER, block: BlockListItem) is abstract

        # Render an emphasis text.
        fun add_em(v: EMITTER, text: Text) is abstract

        # Render a strong text.
        fun add_strong(v: EMITTER, text: Text) is abstract

        # Render a strike text.
        #
        # Extended mode only (see `MarkdownProcessor::ext_mode`)
        fun add_strike(v: EMITTER, text: Text) is abstract

        # Render a link.
        fun add_link(v: EMITTER, link: Text, name: Text, comment: nullable Text) is abstract

        # Render an image.
        fun add_image(v: EMITTER, link: Text, name: Text, comment: nullable Text) is abstract

        # Render an abbreviation.
        fun add_abbr(v: EMITTER, name: Text, comment: Text) is abstract

        # Render a code span reading from a buffer.
        fun add_span_code(v: EMITTER, buffer: Text, from, to: Int) is abstract

        # Render a text and escape it.
        fun append_value(v: EMITTER, value: Text) is abstract

        # Render code text from buffer and escape it.
        fun append_code(v: EMITTER, buffer: Text, from, to: Int) is abstract

        # Render a character escape.
        fun escape_char(v: EMITTER, char: Char) is abstract

        # Render a line break
        fun add_line_break(v: EMITTER) is abstract

        # Generate a new html valid id from a `String`.
        fun strip_id(txt: String): String is abstract

        # Found headlines during the processing labeled by their ids.
        fun headlines: ArrayMap[String, HeadLine] is abstract
end

# Class representing a markdown headline.
class HeadLine
        # Unique identifier of this headline.
        var id: String

        # Text of the headline.
        var title: String

        # Level of this headline.
        #
        # According toe the markdown specification, level must be in `[1..6]`.
        var level: Int
end

# `Decorator` that outputs HTML.
class HTMLDecorator
        super Decorator

        redef var headlines = new ArrayMap[String, HeadLine]

        redef fun add_ruler(v, block) do v.add "<hr/>\n"

        redef fun add_headline(v, block) do
                # save headline
                var txt = block.block.first_line.value
                var id = strip_id(txt)
                var lvl = block.depth
                headlines[id] = new HeadLine(id, txt, lvl)
                # output it
                v.add "<h{lvl} id=\"{id}\">"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</h{lvl}>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_paragraph(v, block) do
                v.add "<p>"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</p>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_code(v, block) do
                var meta = block.meta
                if meta != null then
                        v.add "<pre class=\""
                        append_value(v, meta)
                        v.add "\"><code>"
                else
                        v.add "<pre><code>"
                end
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</code></pre>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_blockquote(v, block) do
                v.add "<blockquote>\n"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</blockquote>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_unorderedlist(v, block) do
                v.add "<ul>\n"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</ul>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_orderedlist(v, block) do
                v.add "<ol>\n"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</ol>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_listitem(v, block) do
                v.add "<li>"
                v.emit_in block
                v.add "</li>\n"
        end

        redef fun add_em(v, text) do
                v.add "<em>"
                v.add text
                v.add "</em>"
        end

        redef fun add_strong(v, text) do
                v.add "<strong>"
                v.add text
                v.add "</strong>"
        end

        redef fun add_strike(v, text) do
                v.add "<del>"
                v.add text
                v.add "</del>"
        end

        redef fun add_image(v, link, name, comment) do
                v.add "<img src=\""
                append_value(v, link)
                v.add "\" alt=\""
                append_value(v, name)
                v.add "\""
                if comment != null and not comment.is_empty then
                        v.add " title=\""
                        append_value(v, comment)
                        v.add "\""
                end
                v.add "/>"
        end

        redef fun add_link(v, link, name, comment) do
                v.add "<a href=\""
                append_value(v, link)
                v.add "\""
                if comment != null and not comment.is_empty then
                        v.add " title=\""
                        append_value(v, comment)
                        v.add "\""
                end
                v.add ">"
                v.emit_text(name)
                v.add "</a>"
        end

        redef fun add_abbr(v, name, comment) do
                v.add "<abbr title=\""
                append_value(v, comment)
                v.add "\">"
                v.emit_text(name)
                v.add "</abbr>"
        end

        redef fun add_span_code(v, text, from, to) do
                v.add "<code>"
                append_code(v, text, from, to)
                v.add "</code>"
        end

        redef fun add_line_break(v) do
                v.add "<br/>"
        end

        redef fun append_value(v, text) do for c in text do escape_char(v, c)

        redef fun escape_char(v, c) do
                if c == '&' then
                        v.add "&amp;"
                else if c == '<' then
                        v.add "&lt;"
                else if c == '>' then
                        v.add "&gt;"
                else if c == '"' then
                        v.add "&quot;"
                else if c == '\'' then
                        v.add "&apos;"
                else
                        v.addc c
                end
        end

        redef fun append_code(v, buffer, from, to) do
                for i in [from..to[ do
                        var c = buffer[i]
                        if c == '&' then
                                v.add "&amp;"
                        else if c == '<' then
                                v.add "&lt;"
                        else if c == '>' then
                                v.add "&gt;"
                        else
                                v.addc c
                        end
                end
        end

        redef fun strip_id(txt) do
                # strip id
                var b = new FlatBuffer
                for c in txt do
                        if c == ' ' then
                                b.add '_'
                        else
                                if not c.is_letter and
                                   not c.is_digit and
                                   not allowed_id_chars.has(c) then continue
                                b.add c
                        end
                end
                var res = b.to_s
                var key = res
                # check for multiple id definitions
                if headlines.has_key(key) then
                        var i = 1
                        key = "{res}_{i}"
                        while headlines.has_key(key) do
                                i += 1
                                key = "{res}_{i}"
                        end
                end
                return key
        end

        private var allowed_id_chars: Array[Char] = ['-', '_', ':', '.']
end

# Location in a Markdown input.
class MDLocation

        # Starting line number (starting from 1).
        var line_start: Int

        # Starting column number (starting from 1).
        var column_start: Int

        # Stopping line number (starting from 1).
        var line_end: Int

        # Stopping column number (starting from 1).
        var column_end: Int

        redef fun to_s do return "{line_start},{column_start}--{line_end},{column_end}"

        # Return a copy of `self`.
        fun copy: MDLocation do
                return new MDLocation(line_start, column_start, line_end, column_end)
        end
end

# A block of markdown lines.
# A `MDBlock` can contains lines and/or sub-blocks.
class MDBlock

        # Position of `self` in the input.
        var location: MDLocation

        # Kind of block.
        # See `Block`.
        var kind: Block = new BlockNone(self) is writable

        # First line if any.
        var first_line: nullable MDLine = null is writable

        # Last line if any.
        var last_line: nullable MDLine = null is writable

        # First sub-block if any.
        var first_block: nullable MDBlock = null is writable

        # Last sub-block if any.
        var last_block: nullable MDBlock = null is writable

        # Previous block if any.
        var prev: nullable MDBlock = null is writable

        # Next block if any.
        var next: nullable MDBlock = null is writable

        # Does this block contain subblocks?
        fun has_blocks: Bool do return first_block != null

        # Count sub-blocks.
        fun count_blocks: Int do
                var count = 0
                var block = first_block
                while block != null do
                        count += 1
                        block = block.next
                end
                return count
        end

        # Does this block contain lines?
        fun has_lines: Bool do return first_line != null

        # Count block lines.
        fun count_lines: Int do
                var count = 0
                var line = first_line
                while line != null do
                        count += 1
                        line = line.next
                end
                return count
        end

        # Split `self` creating a new sub-block having `line` has `last_line`.
        fun split(line: MDLine): MDBlock do
                # location for new block
                var new_loc = new MDLocation(
                        first_line.location.line_start,
                        first_line.location.column_start,
                        line.location.line_end,
                        line.location.column_end)
                # create block
                var block = new MDBlock(new_loc)
                block.first_line = first_line
                block.last_line = line
                first_line = line.next
                line.next = null
                if first_line == null then
                        last_line = null
                else
                        first_line.prev = null
                        # update current block loc
                        location.line_start = first_line.location.line_start
                        location.column_start = first_line.location.column_start
                end
                if first_block == null then
                        first_block = block
                        last_block = block
                else
                        last_block.next = block
                        last_block = block
                end
                return block
        end

        # Add a `line` to this block.
        fun add_line(line: MDLine) do
                if last_line == null then
                        first_line = line
                        last_line = line
                else
                        last_line.next_empty = line.is_empty
                        line.prev_empty = last_line.is_empty
                        line.prev = last_line
                        last_line.next = line
                        last_line = line
                end
        end

        # Remove `line` from this block.
        fun remove_line(line: MDLine) do
                if line.prev == null then
                        first_line = line.next
                else
                        line.prev.next = line.next
                end
                if line.next == null then
                        last_line = line.prev
                else
                        line.next.prev = line.prev
                end
                line.prev = null
                line.next = null
        end

        # Remove leading empty lines.
        fun remove_leading_empty_lines: Bool do
                var was_empty = false
                var line = first_line
                while line != null and line.is_empty do
                        remove_line line
                        line = first_line
                        was_empty = true
                end
                return was_empty
        end

        # Remove trailing empty lines.
        fun remove_trailing_empty_lines: Bool do
                var was_empty = false
                var line = last_line
                while line != null and line.is_empty do
                        remove_line line
                        line = last_line
                        was_empty = true
                end
                return was_empty
        end

        # Remove leading and trailing empty lines.
        fun remove_surrounding_empty_lines: Bool do
                var was_empty = false
                if remove_leading_empty_lines then was_empty = true
                if remove_trailing_empty_lines then was_empty = true
                return was_empty
        end

        # Remove list markers and up to 4 leading spaces.
        # Used to clean nested lists.
        fun remove_list_indent(v: MarkdownProcessor) do
                var line = first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                var kind = v.line_kind(line)
                                if kind isa LineList then
                                        line.value = kind.extract_value(line)
                                else
                                        line.value = line.value.substring_from(line.leading.min(4))
                                end
                                line.leading = line.process_leading
                        end
                        line = line.next
                end
        end

        # Collect block line text.
        fun text: String do
                var text = new FlatBuffer
                var line = first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                text.append line.text
                        end
                        text.append "\n"
                        line = line.next
                end
                return text.write_to_string
        end
end

# Representation of a markdown block in the AST.
# Each `Block` is linked to a `MDBlock` that contains mardown code.
abstract class Block

        # The markdown block `self` is related to.
        var block: MDBlock

        # Output `self` using `v.decorator`.
        fun emit(v: MarkdownEmitter) do v.emit_in(self)

        # Emit the containts of `self`, lines or blocks.
        fun emit_in(v: MarkdownEmitter) do
                block.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                if block.has_lines then
                        emit_lines(v)
                else
                        emit_blocks(v)
                end
        end

        # Emit lines contained in `block`.
        fun emit_lines(v: MarkdownEmitter) do
                var tpl = v.push_buffer
                var line = block.first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                v.add line.value.substring(line.leading, line.value.length - line.trailing)
                                if line.trailing >= 2 then v.decorator.add_line_break(v)
                        end
                        if line.next != null then
                                v.addn
                        end
                        line = line.next
                end
                v.pop_buffer
                v.emit_text(tpl)
        end

        # Emit sub-blocks contained in `block`.
        fun emit_blocks(v: MarkdownEmitter) do
                var block = self.block.first_block
                while block != null do
                        v.push_loc(block.location)
                        block.kind.emit(v)
                        v.pop_loc
                        block = block.next
                end
        end

        # The raw content of the block as a multi-line string.
        fun raw_content: String do
                var infence = self isa BlockFence
                var text = new FlatBuffer
                var line = self.block.first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                var str = line.value
                                if not infence and str.has_prefix("    ") then
                                        text.append str.substring(4, str.length - line.trailing)
                                else
                                        text.append str
                                end
                        end
                        text.append "\n"
                        line = line.next
                end
                return text.write_to_string
        end
end

# A block without any markdown specificities.
#
# Actually use the same implementation than `BlockCode`,
# this class is only used for typing purposes.
class BlockNone
        super Block
end

# A markdown blockquote.
class BlockQuote
        super Block

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_blockquote(v, self)

        # Remove blockquote markers.
        private fun remove_block_quote_prefix(block: MDBlock) do
                var line = block.first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                if line.value[line.leading] == '>' then
                                        var rem = line.leading + 1
                                        if line.leading + 1 < line.value.length and
                                           line.value[line.leading + 1] == ' ' then
                                                rem += 1
                                        end
                                        line.value = line.value.substring_from(rem)
                                        line.leading = line.process_leading
                                end
                        end
                        line = line.next
                end
        end
end

# A markdown code block.
class BlockCode
        super Block

        # Any string found after fence token.
        var meta: nullable Text

        # Number of char to skip at the beginning of the line.
        #
        # Block code lines start at 4 spaces.
        protected var line_start = 4

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_code(v, self)

        redef fun emit_lines(v) do
                var line = block.first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then
                                v.decorator.append_code(v, line.value, line_start, line.value.length)
                        end
                        v.addn
                        line = line.next
                end
        end
end

# A markdown code-fence block.
#
# Actually use the same implementation than `BlockCode`,
# this class is only used for typing purposes.
class BlockFence
        super BlockCode

        # Fence code lines start at 0 spaces.
        redef var line_start = 0
end

# A markdown headline.
class BlockHeadline
        super Block

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var loc = block.location.copy
                loc.column_start += start
                v.push_loc(loc)
                v.decorator.add_headline(v, self)
                v.pop_loc
        end

        private var start = 0

        # Depth of the headline used to determine the headline level.
        var depth = 0

        # Remove healine marks from lines contained in `self`.
        private fun transform_headline(block: MDBlock) do
                if depth > 0 then return
                var level = 0
                var line = block.first_line
                if line.is_empty then return
                var start = line.leading
                while start < line.value.length and line.value[start] == '#' do
                        level += 1
                        start += 1
                end
                while start < line.value.length and line.value[start] == ' ' do
                        start += 1
                end
                if start >= line.value.length then
                        line.is_empty = true
                else
                        var nend = line.value.length - line.trailing - 1
                        while line.value[nend] == '#' do nend -= 1
                        while line.value[nend] == ' ' do nend -= 1
                        line.value = line.value.substring(start, nend - start + 1)
                        line.leading = 0
                        line.trailing = 0
                end
                self.start = start
                depth = level.min(6)
        end
end

# A markdown list item block.
class BlockListItem
        super Block

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_listitem(v, self)
end

# A markdown list block.
# Can be either an ordered or unordered list, this class is mainly used to factorize code.
abstract class BlockList
        super Block

        # Split list block into list items sub-blocks.
        private fun init_block(v: MarkdownProcessor) do
                var line = block.first_line
                line = line.next
                while line != null do
                        var t = v.line_kind(line)
                        if t isa LineList or
                           (not line.is_empty and (line.prev_empty and line.leading == 0 and
                           not (t isa LineList))) then
                                   var sblock = block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                                   sblock.kind = new BlockListItem(sblock)
                        end
                        line = line.next
                end
                var sblock = block.split(block.last_line.as(not null))
                sblock.kind = new BlockListItem(sblock)
        end

        # Expand list items as paragraphs if needed.
        private fun expand_paragraphs(block: MDBlock) do
                var outer = block.first_block
                var inner: nullable MDBlock
                var has_paragraph = false
                while outer != null and not has_paragraph do
                        if outer.kind isa BlockListItem then
                                inner = outer.first_block
                                while inner != null and not has_paragraph do
                                        if inner.kind isa BlockParagraph then
                                                has_paragraph = true
                                        end
                                        inner = inner.next
                                end
                        end
                        outer = outer.next
                end
                if has_paragraph then
                        outer = block.first_block
                        while outer != null do
                                if outer.kind isa BlockListItem then
                                        inner = outer.first_block
                                        while inner != null do
                                                if inner.kind isa BlockNone then
                                                        inner.kind = new BlockParagraph(inner)
                                                end
                                                inner = inner.next
                                        end
                                end
                                outer = outer.next
                        end
                end
        end
end

# A markdown ordered list.
class BlockOrderedList
        super BlockList

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_orderedlist(v, self)
end

# A markdown unordred list.
class BlockUnorderedList
        super BlockList

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_unorderedlist(v, self)
end

# A markdown paragraph block.
class BlockParagraph
        super Block

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_paragraph(v, self)
end

# A markdown ruler.
class BlockRuler
        super Block

        redef fun emit(v) do v.decorator.add_ruler(v, self)
end

# Xml blocks that can be found in markdown markup.
class BlockXML
        super Block

        redef fun emit_lines(v) do
                var line = block.first_line
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty then v.add line.value
                        v.addn
                        line = line.next
                end
        end
end

# A markdown line.
class MDLine

        # Location of `self` in the original input.
        var location: MDLocation

        # Text contained in this line.
        var value: String is writable

        # Is this line empty?
        # Lines containing only spaces are considered empty.
        var is_empty: Bool = true is writable

        # Previous line in `MDBlock` or null if first line.
        var prev: nullable MDLine = null is writable

        # Next line in `MDBlock` or null if last line.
        var next: nullable MDLine = null is writable

        # Is the previous line empty?
        var prev_empty: Bool = false is writable

        # Is the next line empty?
        var next_empty: Bool = false is writable

        # Initialize a new MDLine from its string value
        init do
                self.leading = process_leading
                if leading != value.length then
                        self.is_empty = false
                        self.trailing = process_trailing
                end
        end

        # Set `value` as an empty String and update `leading`, `trailing` and is_`empty`.
        fun clear do
                value = ""
                leading = 0
                trailing = 0
                is_empty = true
                if prev != null then prev.next_empty = true
                if next != null then next.prev_empty = true
        end

        # Number or leading spaces on this line.
        var leading: Int = 0 is writable

        # Compute `leading` depending on `value`.
        fun process_leading: Int do
                var count = 0
                var value = self.value
                while count < value.length and value[count] == ' ' do count += 1
                if leading == value.length then clear
                return count
        end

        # Number of trailing spaces on this line.
        var trailing: Int = 0 is writable

        # Compute `trailing` depending on `value`.
        fun process_trailing: Int do
                var count = 0
                var value = self.value
                while value[value.length - count - 1] == ' ' do
                        count += 1
                end
                return count
        end

        # Count the amount of `ch` in this line.
        # Return A value > 0 if this line only consists of `ch` end spaces.
        fun count_chars(ch: Char): Int do
                var count = 0
                for c in value do
                        if c == ' ' then
                                continue
                        end
                        if c == ch then
                                count += 1
                                continue
                        end
                        count = 0
                        break
                end
                return count
        end

        # Count the amount of `ch` at the start of this line ignoring spaces.
        fun count_chars_start(ch: Char): Int do
                var count = 0
                for c in value do
                        if c == ' ' then
                                continue
                        end
                        if c == ch then
                                count += 1
                        else
                                break
                        end
                end
                return count
        end

        # Last XML line if any.
        private var xml_end_line: nullable MDLine = null

        # Does `value` contains valid XML markup?
        private fun check_html: Bool do
                var tags = new Array[String]
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                var pos = leading
                if pos + 1 < value.length and value[pos + 1] == '!' then
                        if read_xml_comment(self, pos) > 0 then return true
                end
                pos = value.read_xml(tmp, pos, false)
                var tag: String
                if pos > -1 then
                        tag = tmp.xml_tag
                        if not tag.is_html_block then
                                return false
                        end
                        if tag == "hr" then
                                xml_end_line = self
                                return true
                        end
                        tags.add tag
                        var line: nullable MDLine = self
                        while line != null do
                                while pos < line.value.length and line.value[pos] != '<' do
                                        pos += 1
                                end
                                if pos >= line.value.length then
                                        if pos - 2 >= 0 and line.value[pos - 2] == '/' then
                                                tags.pop
                                                if tags.is_empty then
                                                        xml_end_line = line
                                                        break
                                                end
                                        end
                                        line = line.next
                                        pos = 0
                                else
                                        tmp = new FlatBuffer
                                        var new_pos = line.value.read_xml(tmp, pos, false)
                                        if new_pos > 0 then
                                                tag = tmp.xml_tag
                                                if tag.is_html_block and not tag == "hr" then
                                                        if tmp[1] == '/' then
                                                                if tags.last != tag then
                                                                        return false
                                                                end
                                                                tags.pop
                                                        else
                                                                tags.add tag
                                                        end
                                                end
                                                if tags.is_empty then
                                                        xml_end_line = line
                                                        break
                                                end
                                                pos = new_pos
                                        else
                                                pos += 1
                                        end
                                end
                        end
                        return tags.is_empty
                end
                return false
        end

        # Read a XML comment.
        # Used by `check_html`.
        private fun read_xml_comment(first_line: MDLine, start: Int): Int do
                var line: nullable MDLine = first_line
                if start + 3 < line.value.length then
                        if line.value[2] == '-' and line.value[3] == '-' then
                                var pos = start + 4
                                while line != null do
                                        while pos < line.value.length and line.value[pos] != '-' do
                                                pos += 1
                                        end
                                        if pos == line.value.length then
                                                line = line.next
                                                pos = 0
                                        else
                                                if pos + 2 < line.value.length then
                                                        if line.value[pos + 1] == '-' and line.value[pos + 2] == '>' then
                                                                first_line.xml_end_line = line
                                                                return pos + 3
                                                        end
                                                end
                                                pos += 1
                                        end
                                end
                        end
                end
                return -1
        end

        # Extract the text of `self` without leading and trailing.
        fun text: String do return value.substring(leading, value.length - trailing)
end

# A markdown line.
interface Line

        # Parse the line.
        # See `MarkdownProcessor::recurse`.
        fun process(v: MarkdownProcessor) is abstract
end

# An empty markdown line.
class LineEmpty
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                v.current_line = v.current_line.next
        end
end

# A non-specific markdown construction.
# Mainly used as part of another line construct such as paragraphs or lists.
class LineOther
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                # go to block end
                var was_empty = line.prev_empty
                while line != null and not line.is_empty do
                        var t = v.line_kind(line)
                        if (v.in_list or v.ext_mode) and t isa LineList then
                                break
                        end
                        if v.ext_mode and (t isa LineCode or t isa LineFence) then
                                break
                        end
                        if t isa LineHeadline or t isa LineHeadline1 or t isa LineHeadline2 or
                           t isa LineHR or t isa LineBlockquote or t isa LineXML then
                                   break
                        end
                        line = line.next
                end
                # build block
                if line != null and not line.is_empty then
                        var block = v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                        if v.in_list and not was_empty then
                                block.kind = new BlockNone(block)
                        else
                                block.kind = new BlockParagraph(block)
                        end
                        v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                else
                        var block: MDBlock
                        if line != null then
                                block = v.current_block.split(line)
                        else
                                block = v.current_block.split(v.current_block.last_line.as(not null))
                        end
                        if v.in_list and (line == null or not line.is_empty) and not was_empty then
                                block.kind = new BlockNone(block)
                        else
                                block.kind = new BlockParagraph(block)
                        end
                        v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                end
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A line of markdown code.
class LineCode
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                # lookup block end
                while line != null and (line.is_empty or v.line_kind(line) isa LineCode) do
                        line = line.next
                end
                # split at block end line
                var block: MDBlock
                if line != null then
                        block = v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                else
                        block = v.current_block.split(v.current_block.last_line.as(not null))
                end
                block.kind = new BlockCode(block)
                block.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A line of raw XML.
class LineXML
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                var prev = line.prev
                if prev != null then v.current_block.split(prev)
                var block = v.current_block.split(line.xml_end_line.as(not null))
                block.kind = new BlockXML(block)
                v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown blockquote line.
class LineBlockquote
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                # go to bquote end
                while line != null do
                        if not line.is_empty and (line.prev_empty and
                           line.leading == 0 and
                           not v.line_kind(line) isa LineBlockquote) then break
                        line = line.next
                end
                # build sub block
                var block: MDBlock
                if line != null then
                        block = v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                else
                        block = v.current_block.split(v.current_block.last_line.as(not null))
                end
                var kind = new BlockQuote(block)
                block.kind = kind
                block.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                kind.remove_block_quote_prefix(block)
                v.current_line = line
                v.recurse(block, false)
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown ruler line.
class LineHR
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                if line.prev != null then v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                var block = v.current_block.split(line.as(not null))
                block.kind = new BlockRuler(block)
                v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown fence code line.
class LineFence
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                # go to fence end
                var line = v.current_line.next
                while line != null do
                        if v.line_kind(line) isa LineFence then break
                        line = line.next
                end
                if line != null then
                        line = line.next
                end
                # build fence block
                var block: MDBlock
                if line != null then
                        block = v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                else
                        block = v.current_block.split(v.current_block.last_line.as(not null))
                end
                block.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                var meta = block.first_line.value.meta_from_fence
                block.kind = new BlockFence(block, meta)
                block.first_line.clear
                var last = block.last_line
                if last != null and v.line_kind(last) isa LineFence then
                        block.last_line.clear
                end
                block.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                v.current_line = line
        end
end

# A markdown headline.
class LineHeadline
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                var lprev = line.prev
                if lprev != null then v.current_block.split(lprev)
                var block = v.current_block.split(line.as(not null))
                var kind = new BlockHeadline(block)
                block.kind = kind
                kind.transform_headline(block)
                v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown headline of level 1.
class LineHeadline1
        super LineHeadline

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                var lprev = line.prev
                if lprev != null then v.current_block.split(lprev)
                line.next.clear
                var block = v.current_block.split(line.as(not null))
                var kind = new BlockHeadline(block)
                kind.depth = 1
                kind.transform_headline(block)
                block.kind = kind
                v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown headline of level 2.
class LineHeadline2
        super LineHeadline

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                var lprev = line.prev
                if lprev != null then v.current_block.split(lprev)
                line.next.clear
                var block = v.current_block.split(line.as(not null))
                var kind = new BlockHeadline(block)
                kind.depth = 2
                kind.transform_headline(block)
                block.kind = kind
                v.current_block.remove_leading_empty_lines
                v.current_line = v.current_block.first_line
        end
end

# A markdown list line.
# Mainly used to factorize code between ordered and unordered lists.
abstract class LineList
        super Line

        redef fun process(v) do
                var line = v.current_line
                # go to list end
                while line != null do
                        var t = v.line_kind(line)
                        if not line.is_empty and (line.prev_empty and line.leading == 0 and
                           not t isa LineList) then break
                        line = line.next
                end
                # build list block
                var list: MDBlock
                if line != null then
                        list = v.current_block.split(line.prev.as(not null))
                else
                        list = v.current_block.split(v.current_block.last_line.as(not null))
                end
                var kind = block_kind(list)
                list.kind = kind
                list.first_line.prev_empty = false
                list.last_line.next_empty = false
                list.remove_surrounding_empty_lines
                list.first_line.prev_empty = false
                list.last_line.next_empty = false
                kind.init_block(v)
                var block = list.first_block
                while block != null do
                        block.remove_list_indent(v)
                        v.recurse(block, true)
                        block = block.next
                end
                kind.expand_paragraphs(list)
                v.current_line = line
        end

        # Create a new block kind based on this line.
        protected fun block_kind(block: MDBlock): BlockList is abstract

        # Extract string value from `MDLine`.
        protected fun extract_value(line: MDLine): String is abstract
end

# An ordered list line.
class LineOList
        super LineList

        redef fun block_kind(block) do return new BlockOrderedList(block)

        redef fun extract_value(line) do
                return line.value.substring_from(line.value.index_of('.') + 2)
        end
end

# An unordered list line.
class LineUList
        super LineList

        redef fun block_kind(block) do return new BlockUnorderedList(block)

        redef fun extract_value(line) do
                return line.value.substring_from(line.leading + 2)
        end
end

# A token represent a character in the markdown input.
# Some tokens have a specific markup behaviour that is handled here.
abstract class Token

        # Location of `self` in the original input.
        var location: MDLocation

        # Position of `self` in input independant from lines.
        var pos: Int

        # Character found at `pos` in the markdown input.
        var char: Char

        # Output that token using `MarkdownEmitter::decorator`.
        fun emit(v: MarkdownEmitter) do v.decorator.add_char(v, char)
end

# A token without a specific meaning.
class TokenNone
        super Token
end

# An emphasis token.
abstract class TokenEm
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = v.push_buffer
                var b = v.emit_text_until(v.current_text.as(not null), pos + 1, self)
                v.pop_buffer
                if b > 0 then
                        v.decorator.add_em(v, tmp)
                        v.current_pos = b
                else
                        v.addc char
                end
        end
end

# An emphasis star token.
class TokenEmStar
        super TokenEm
end

# An emphasis underscore token.
class TokenEmUnderscore
        super TokenEm
end

# A strong token.
abstract class TokenStrong
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = v.push_buffer
                var b = v.emit_text_until(v.current_text.as(not null), pos + 2, self)
                v.pop_buffer
                if b > 0 then
                        v.decorator.add_strong(v, tmp)
                        v.current_pos = b + 1
                else
                        v.addc char
                end
        end
end

# A strong star token.
class TokenStrongStar
        super TokenStrong
end

# A strong underscore token.
class TokenStrongUnderscore
        super TokenStrong
end

# A code token.
# This class is mainly used to factorize work between single and double quoted span codes.
abstract class TokenCode
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var a = pos + next_pos + 1
                var b = v.processor.find_token(v.current_text.as(not null), a, self)
                if b > 0 then
                        v.current_pos = b + next_pos
                        while a < b and v.current_text[a] == ' ' do a += 1
                        if a < b then
                                while v.current_text[b - 1] == ' ' do b -= 1
                                v.decorator.add_span_code(v, v.current_text.as(not null), a, b)
                        end
                else
                        v.addc char
                end
        end

        private fun next_pos: Int is abstract
end

# A span code token.
class TokenCodeSingle
        super TokenCode

        redef fun next_pos do return 0
end

# A doubled span code token.
class TokenCodeDouble
        super TokenCode

        redef fun next_pos do return 1
end

# A link or image token.
# This class is mainly used to factorize work between images and links.
abstract class TokenLinkOrImage
        super Token

        # Link adress
        var link: nullable Text = null

        # Link text
        var name: nullable Text = null

        # Link title
        var comment: nullable Text = null

        # Is the link construct an abbreviation?
        var is_abbrev = false

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                var b = check_link(v, tmp, pos, self)
                if b > 0 then
                        emit_hyper(v)
                        v.current_pos = b
                else
                        v.addc char
                end
        end

        # Emit the hyperlink as link or image.
        private fun emit_hyper(v: MarkdownEmitter) is abstract

        # Check if the link is a valid link.
        private fun check_link(v: MarkdownEmitter, out: FlatBuffer, start: Int, token: Token): Int do
                var md = v.current_text
                var pos
                if token isa TokenLink then
                        pos = start + 1
                else
                        pos = start + 2
                end
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                pos = md.read_md_link_id(tmp, pos)
                if pos < start then return -1
                name = tmp
                var old_pos = pos
                pos += 1
                pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                if pos < start then
                        var tid = name.write_to_string.to_lower
                        if v.processor.link_refs.has_key(tid) then
                                var lr = v.processor.link_refs[tid]
                                is_abbrev = lr.is_abbrev
                                link = lr.link
                                comment = lr.title
                                pos = old_pos
                        else
                                return -1
                        end
                else if md[pos] == '(' then
                        pos += 1
                        pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                        if pos < start then return -1
                        tmp = new FlatBuffer
                        var use_lt = md[pos] == '<'
                        if use_lt then
                                pos = md.read_until(tmp, pos + 1, '>')
                        else
                                pos = md.read_md_link(tmp, pos)
                        end
                        if pos < start then return -1
                        if use_lt then pos += 1
                        link = tmp.write_to_string
                        if md[pos] == ' ' then
                                pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                                if pos > start and md[pos] == '"' then
                                        pos += 1
                                        tmp = new FlatBuffer
                                        pos = md.read_until(tmp, pos, '"')
                                        if pos < start then return -1
                                        comment = tmp.write_to_string
                                        pos += 1
                                        pos = md.skip_spaces(pos)
                                        if pos == -1 then return -1
                                end
                        end
                        if pos < start then return -1
                        if md[pos] != ')' then return -1
                else if md[pos] == '[' then
                        pos += 1
                        tmp = new FlatBuffer
                        pos = md.read_raw_until(tmp, pos, ']')
                        if pos < start then return -1
                        var id
                        if tmp.length > 0 then
                                id = tmp
                        else
                                id = name
                        end
                        var tid = id.write_to_string.to_lower
                        if v.processor.link_refs.has_key(tid) then
                                var lr = v.processor.link_refs[tid]
                                link = lr.link
                                comment = lr.title
                        end
                else
                        var tid = name.write_to_string.replace("\n", " ").to_lower
                        if v.processor.link_refs.has_key(tid) then
                                var lr = v.processor.link_refs[tid]
                                link = lr.link
                                comment = lr.title
                                pos = old_pos
                        else
                                return -1
                        end
                end
                if link == null then return -1
                return pos
        end
end

# A markdown link token.
class TokenLink
        super TokenLinkOrImage

        redef fun emit_hyper(v) do
                if is_abbrev and comment != null then
                        v.decorator.add_abbr(v, name.as(not null), comment.as(not null))
                else
                        v.decorator.add_link(v, link.as(not null), name.as(not null), comment)
                end
        end
end

# A markdown image token.
class TokenImage
        super TokenLinkOrImage

        redef fun emit_hyper(v) do
                v.decorator.add_image(v, link.as(not null), name.as(not null), comment)
        end
end

# A HTML/XML token.
class TokenHTML
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                var b = check_html(v, tmp, v.current_text.as(not null), v.current_pos)
                if b > 0 then
                        v.add tmp
                        v.current_pos = b
                else
                        v.decorator.escape_char(v, char)
                end
        end

        # Is the HTML valid?
        # Also take care of link and mailto shortcuts.
        private fun check_html(v: MarkdownEmitter, out: FlatBuffer, md: Text, start: Int): Int do
                # check for auto links
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                var pos = md.read_until(tmp, start + 1, ':', ' ', '>', '\n')
                if pos != -1 and md[pos] == ':' and tmp.is_link_prefix then
                        pos = md.read_until(tmp, pos, '>')
                        if pos != -1 then
                                var link = tmp.write_to_string
                                v.decorator.add_link(v, link, link, null)
                                return pos
                        end
                end
                # TODO check for mailto
                # check for inline html
                if start + 2 < md.length then
                        return md.read_xml(out, start, true)
                end
                return -1
        end
end

# An HTML entity token.
class TokenEntity
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                var b = check_entity(tmp, v.current_text.as(not null), pos)
                if b > 0 then
                        v.add tmp
                        v.current_pos = b
                else
                        v.decorator.escape_char(v, char)
                end
        end

        # Is the entity valid?
        private fun check_entity(out: FlatBuffer, md: Text, start: Int): Int do
                var pos = md.read_until(out, start, ';')
                if pos < 0 or out.length < 3 then
                        return -1
                end
                if out[1] == '#' then
                        if out[2] == 'x' or out[2] == 'X' then
                                if out.length < 4 then return -1
                                for i in [3..out.length[ do
                                        var c = out[i]
                                        if (c < '0' or c > '9') and (c < 'a' and c > 'f') and (c < 'A' and c > 'F') then
                                                return -1
                                        end
                                end
                        else
                                for i in [2..out.length[ do
                                        var c = out[i]
                                        if c < '0' or c > '9' then return -1
                                end
                        end
                        out.add ';'
                else
                        for i in [1..out.length[ do
                                var c = out[i]
                                if not c.is_digit and not c.is_letter then return -1
                        end
                        out.add ';'
                        # TODO check entity is valid
                        # if out.is_entity then
                                return pos
                        # else
                                # return -1
                        # end
                end
                return pos
        end
end

# A markdown escape token.
class TokenEscape
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                v.current_pos += 1
                v.addc v.current_text[v.current_pos]
        end
end

# A markdown strike token.
#
# Extended mode only (see `MarkdownProcessor::ext_mode`)
class TokenStrike
        super Token

        redef fun emit(v) do
                var tmp = v.push_buffer
                var b = v.emit_text_until(v.current_text.as(not null), pos + 2, self)
                v.pop_buffer
                if b > 0 then
                        v.decorator.add_strike(v, tmp)
                        v.current_pos = b + 1
                else
                        v.addc char
                end
        end
end

redef class Text

        # Get the position of the next non-space character.
        private fun skip_spaces(start: Int): Int do
                var pos = start
                while pos > -1 and pos < length and (self[pos] == ' ' or self[pos] == '\n') do
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos < length then return pos
                return -1
        end

        # Read `self` until `nend` and append it to the `out` buffer.
        # Escape markdown special chars.
        private fun read_until(out: FlatBuffer, start: Int, nend: Char...): Int do
                var pos = start
                while pos < length do
                        var c = self[pos]
                        if c == '\\' and pos + 1 < length then
                                pos = escape(out, self[pos + 1], pos)
                        else
                                var end_reached = false
                                for n in nend do
                                        if c == n then
                                                end_reached = true
                                                break
                                        end
                                end
                                if end_reached then break
                                out.add c
                        end
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos == length then return -1
                return pos
        end

        # Read `self` as raw text until `nend` and append it to the `out` buffer.
        # No escape is made.
        private fun read_raw_until(out: FlatBuffer, start: Int, nend: Char...): Int do
                var pos = start
                while pos < length do
                        var c = self[pos]
                        var end_reached = false
                        for n in nend do
                                if c == n then
                                        end_reached = true
                                        break
                                end
                        end
                        if end_reached then break
                        out.add c
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos == length then return -1
                return pos
        end

        # Read `self` as XML until `to` and append it to the `out` buffer.
        # Escape HTML special chars.
        private fun read_xml_until(out: FlatBuffer, from: Int, to: Char...): Int do
                var pos = from
                var in_str = false
                var str_char: nullable Char = null
                while pos < length do
                        var c = self[pos]
                        if in_str then
                                if c == '\\' then
                                        out.add c
                                        pos += 1
                                        if pos < length then
                                                out.add c
                                                pos += 1
                                        end
                                        continue
                                end
                                if c == str_char then
                                        in_str = false
                                        out.add c
                                        pos += 1
                                        continue
                                end
                        end
                        if c == '"' or c == '\'' then
                                in_str = true
                                str_char = c
                        end
                        if not in_str then
                                var end_reached = false
                                for n in [0..to.length[ do
                                        if c == to[n] then
                                                end_reached = true
                                                break
                                        end
                                end
                                if end_reached then break
                        end
                        out.add c
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos == length then return -1
                return pos
        end

        # Read `self` as XML and append it to the `out` buffer.
        # Safe mode can be activated to limit reading to valid xml.
        private fun read_xml(out: FlatBuffer, start: Int, safe_mode: Bool): Int do
                var pos = 0
                var is_valid = true
                var is_close_tag = false
                if start + 1 >= length then return -1
                if self[start + 1] == '/' then
                        is_close_tag = true
                        pos = start + 2
                else if self[start + 1] == '!' then
                        out.append "<!"
                        return start + 1
                else
                        is_close_tag = false
                        pos = start + 1
                end
                if safe_mode then
                        var tmp = new FlatBuffer
                        pos = read_xml_until(tmp, pos, ' ', '/', '>')
                        if pos == -1 then return -1
                        var tag = tmp.write_to_string.trim.to_lower
                        if not tag.is_valid_html_tag then
                                out.append "&lt;"
                                pos = -1
                        else if tag.is_html_unsafe then
                                is_valid = false
                                out.append "&lt;"
                                if is_close_tag then out.add '/'
                                out.append tmp
                        else
                                out.append "<"
                                if is_close_tag then out.add '/'
                                out.append tmp
                        end
                else
                        out.add '<'
                        if is_close_tag then out.add '/'
                        pos = read_xml_until(out, pos, ' ', '/', '>')
                end
                if pos == -1 then return -1
                pos = read_xml_until(out, pos, '/', '>')
                if pos == -1 then return -1
                if self[pos] == '/' then
                        out.append " /"
                        pos = self.read_xml_until(out, pos + 1, '>')
                        if pos == -1 then return -1
                end
                if self[pos] == '>' then
                        if is_valid then
                                out.add '>'
                        else
                                out.append "&gt;"
                        end
                        return pos
                end
                return -1
        end

        # Read a markdown link address and append it to the `out` buffer.
        private fun read_md_link(out: FlatBuffer, start: Int): Int do
                var pos = start
                var counter = 1
                while pos < length do
                        var c = self[pos]
                        if c == '\\' and pos + 1 < length then
                                pos = escape(out, self[pos + 1], pos)
                        else
                                var end_reached = false
                                if c == '(' then
                                        counter += 1
                                else if c == ' ' then
                                        if counter == 1 then end_reached = true
                                else if c == ')' then
                                        counter -= 1
                                        if counter == 0 then end_reached = true
                                end
                                if end_reached then break
                                out.add c
                        end
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos == length then return -1
                return pos
        end

        # Read a markdown link text and append it to the `out` buffer.
        private fun read_md_link_id(out: FlatBuffer, start: Int): Int do
                var pos = start
                var counter = 1
                while pos < length do
                        var c = self[pos]
                        var end_reached = false
                        if c == '[' then
                                counter += 1
                                out.add c
                        else if c == ']' then
                                counter -= 1
                                if counter == 0 then
                                        end_reached = true
                                else
                                        out.add c
                                end
                        else
                                out.add c
                        end
                        if end_reached then break
                        pos += 1
                end
                if pos == length then return -1
                return pos
        end

        # Extract the XML tag name from a XML tag.
        private fun xml_tag: String do
                var tpl = new FlatBuffer
                var pos = 1
                if pos < length and self[1] == '/' then pos += 1
                while pos < length - 1 and (self[pos].is_digit or self[pos].is_letter) do
                        tpl.add self[pos]
                        pos += 1
                end
                return tpl.write_to_string.to_lower
        end

        private fun is_valid_html_tag: Bool do
                if is_empty then return false
                for c in self do
                        if not c.is_alpha then return false
                end
                return true
        end

        # Read and escape the markdown contained in `self`.
        private fun escape(out: FlatBuffer, c: Char, pos: Int): Int do
                if c == '\\' or c == '[' or c == ']' or c == '(' or c == ')' or c == '{' or
                   c == '}' or c == '#' or c == '"' or c == '\'' or c == '.' or c == '<' or
                   c == '>' or c == '*' or c == '+' or c == '-' or c == '_' or c == '!' or
                   c == '`' or c == '~' or c == '^' then
                        out.add c
                        return pos + 1
                end
                out.add '\\'
                return pos
        end

        # Extract string found at end of fence opening.
        private fun meta_from_fence: nullable Text do
                for i in [0..chars.length[ do
                        var c = chars[i]
                        if c != ' ' and c != '`' and c != '~' then
                                return substring_from(i).trim
                        end
                end
                return null
        end

        # Is `self` an unsafe HTML element?
        private fun is_html_unsafe: Bool do return html_unsafe_tags.has(self.write_to_string)

        # Is `self` a HRML block element?
        private fun is_html_block: Bool do return html_block_tags.has(self.write_to_string)

        # Is `self` a link prefix?
        private fun is_link_prefix: Bool do return html_link_prefixes.has(self.write_to_string)

        private fun html_unsafe_tags: Array[String] do return once ["applet", "head", "body", "frame", "frameset", "iframe", "script", "object"]

        private fun html_block_tags: Array[String] do return once ["address", "article", "aside", "audio", "blockquote", "canvas", "dd", "div", "dl", "fieldset", "figcaption", "figure", "footer", "form", "h1", "h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "header", "hgroup", "hr", "noscript", "ol", "output", "p", "pre", "section", "table", "tfoot", "ul", "video"]

        private fun html_link_prefixes: Array[String] do return once ["http", "https", "ftp", "ftps"]
end

redef class String

        # Parse `self` as markdown and return the HTML representation
        #.
        #    var md = "**Hello World!**"
        #    var html = md.md_to_html
        #    assert html == "<p><strong>Hello World!</strong></p>\n"
        fun md_to_html: Writable do
                var processor = new MarkdownProcessor
                return processor.process(self)
        end
end