Introduced properties

Redefined properties

redef type SELF: SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: SELF

Type of this instance, automatically specialized in every class
redef fun box_extern(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: box_extern

Box extern classes to be used in the generated code
redef fun class_name_string(value: RuntimeVariable): String

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: class_name_string

Return a "const char*" variable associated to the classname of the dynamic type of an object
redef fun init_instance(mtype: MClassType): RuntimeVariable

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: init_instance

Generate a alloc-instance + init-attributes
redef fun routine_ref_instance(routine_type: MClassType, recv: RuntimeVariable, callsite: CallSite): RuntimeVariable

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: routine_ref_instance

Instantiate a new routine pointer
redef fun type_test(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType, tag: String): RuntimeVariable

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: type_test

Generate a polymorphic subtype test
redef fun unbox_extern(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor :: unbox_extern

Unbox extern classes to be used in extern code (legacy NI and FFI)

All properties

fun !=(other: nullable Object): Bool

core :: Object :: !=

Have self and other different values?
fun ==(other: nullable Object): Bool

core :: Object :: ==

Have self and other the same value?
type CLASS: Class[SELF]

core :: Object :: CLASS

The type of the class of self.
type SELF: Object

core :: Object :: SELF

Type of this instance, automatically specialized in every class
private var _compiler: COMPILER

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: _compiler

The associated compiler
private var _current_node: nullable ANode

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: _current_node

The current visited AST node
private var _frame: nullable StaticFrame

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: _frame

The current StaticFrame
private var _last: Int

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: _last

abstract fun adapt_signature(m: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: adapt_signature

Adapt the arguments of a method according to targetted MMethodDef
fun add(s: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add

Add a line in the main part of the generated C
fun add_abort(message: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_abort

Generate generic abort
fun add_cast(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType, tag: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_cast

Add a dynamic cast
fun add_decl(s: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_decl

Add a line in the
fun add_escape_label(e: nullable EscapeMark)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_escape_label

Insert a C label for associated with an escapemark
fun add_extern(mmodule: MModule)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_extern

Look for a needed .h and .c file for a given module
fun add_raw_abort

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_raw_abort

Generate abort without a message.
fun add_raw_throw

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: add_raw_throw

Generate a long jump if there is a catch block.
fun anchor(mtype: MType): MType

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: anchor

Anchor a type to the main module and the current receiver
abstract fun array_instance(array: Array[RuntimeVariable], elttype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: array_instance

Generate an array value
fun assign(left: RuntimeVariable, right: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: assign

Correctly assign a left and a right value
fun autoadapt(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: autoadapt

Unsafely cast a value to a new type
abstract fun autobox(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: autobox

Box or unbox a value to another type iff a C type conversion is needed
private fun before_send(mmethod: MMethod, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: before_send

Handle common special cases before doing the effective method invocation
fun bool_instance(value: Bool): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: bool_instance

Generate an integer value
fun bool_type: MClassType

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: bool_type

Alias for self.compiler.mainmodule.bool_type
abstract fun box_extern(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: box_extern

Box extern classes to be used in the generated code
fun byte_instance(value: Byte): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: byte_instance

Generate a byte value
fun c_string_instance(ns: CString, len: Int): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: c_string_instance

Generates a CString instance fully escaped in C-style \xHH fashion
abstract fun call(m: MMethodDef, recvtype: MClassType, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: call

Generate a static call on a method definition
fun char_instance(value: Char): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: char_instance

Generate a char value
fun check_recv_notnull(recv: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: check_recv_notnull

Add a check and an abort for a null receiver if needed
protected fun class_factory(name: String): CLASS

core :: Object :: class_factory

Implementation used by get_class to create the specific class.
fun class_info(value: RuntimeVariable): String

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: class_info

Returns a C expression of the runtime class structure of the value.
fun class_name: String

core :: Object :: class_name

The class name of the object.
abstract fun class_name_string(value: RuntimeVariable): String

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: class_name_string

Return a "const char*" variable associated to the classname of the dynamic type of an object
fun compiler: COMPILER

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: compiler

The associated compiler
protected fun compiler=(compiler: COMPILER)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: compiler=

The associated compiler
fun current_node: nullable ANode

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: current_node

The current visited AST node
fun current_node=(current_node: nullable ANode)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: current_node=

The current visited AST node
fun debug(message: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: debug

Safely show a debug message on the current node and repeat the message in the C code as a comment
fun declare_once(s: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: declare_once

Add a declaration in the local-header
private fun direct_call(mpropdef: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: direct_call

Fully and directly call a mpropdef
abstract fun equal_test(value1: RuntimeVariable, value2: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: equal_test

Generate a Nit "is" for two runtime_variables
fun escapemark_name(e: nullable EscapeMark): String

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: escapemark_name

Return an unique and stable identifier associated with an escapemark
fun expr(nexpr: AExpr, mtype: nullable MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: expr

Compile an expression an return its result
fun expr_bool(nexpr: AExpr): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: expr_bool

Alias for self.expr(nexpr, self.bool_type)
fun extract_tag(value: RuntimeVariable): String

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: extract_tag

Returns a C expression containing the tag of the value as a long.
fun float_instance(value: Float): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: float_instance

Generate a float value
fun frame: nullable StaticFrame

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: frame

The current StaticFrame
fun frame=(frame: nullable StaticFrame)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: frame=

The current StaticFrame
fun get_class: CLASS

core :: Object :: get_class

The meta-object representing the dynamic type of self.
fun get_name(s: String): String

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: get_name

Return a new name based on s and unique in the visitor
fun get_property(name: String, recv: MType): MMethod

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: get_property

Force to get the primitive property named name in the instance recv or abort
fun hardening_cast_type(t: String)

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: hardening_cast_type

Check that mtype it a pointer to a live cast type
fun hardening_live_open_type(mtype: MType)

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: hardening_live_open_type

Check that mtype is a live open type
fun hash: Int

core :: Object :: hash

The hash code of the object.
init init

core :: Object :: init

abstract fun init_instance(mtype: MClassType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: init_instance

Generate a alloc-instance + init-attributes
fun init_instance_or_extern(mtype: MClassType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: init_instance_or_extern

Allocate and init attributes of an instance of a standard or extern class
fun inspect: String

core :: Object :: inspect

Developer readable representation of self.
protected fun inspect_head: String

core :: Object :: inspect_head

Return "CLASSNAME:#OBJECTID".
fun int16_instance(value: Int16): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: int16_instance

Generate an int16 value
fun int32_instance(value: Int32): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: int32_instance

Generate an int32 value
fun int8_instance(value: Int8): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: int8_instance

Generate an int8 value
fun int_instance(value: Int): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: int_instance

Generate an integer value
intern fun is_same_instance(other: nullable Object): Bool

core :: Object :: is_same_instance

Return true if self and other are the same instance (i.e. same identity).
fun is_same_serialized(other: nullable Object): Bool

core :: Object :: is_same_serialized

Is self the same as other in a serialization context?
intern fun is_same_type(other: Object): Bool

core :: Object :: is_same_type

Return true if self and other have the same dynamic type.
abstract fun is_same_type_test(value1: RuntimeVariable, value2: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: is_same_type_test

Generate the code required to dynamically check if 2 objects share the same runtime type
abstract fun isset_attribute(a: MAttribute, recv: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: isset_attribute

Generate a polymorphic attribute is_set test
private fun last: Int

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: last

private fun last=(last: Int)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: last=

fun maybe_null(value: RuntimeVariable): Bool

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: maybe_null

Can value be null? (according to current knowledge)
fun mmodule: MModule

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: mmodule

The currently processed module
fun monomorphic_send(m: MMethod, t: MType, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: monomorphic_send

Generate a monomorphic send for the method m, the type t and the arguments args
fun monomorphic_super_send(m: MMethodDef, t: MType, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: monomorphic_super_send

Generate a monomorphic super send from the method m, the type t and the arguments args
private fun names=(names: HashSet[String])

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: names=

fun native_array_def(pname: String, ret_type: nullable MType, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable]): Bool

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: native_array_def

abstract fun native_array_get(native_array: RuntimeVariable, index: Int): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: native_array_get

Return an element of a native array.
abstract fun native_array_set(native_array: RuntimeVariable, index: Int, value: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: native_array_set

Store an element in a native array.
private intern fun native_class_name: CString

core :: Object :: native_class_name

The class name of the object in CString format.
fun new_expr(cexpr: String, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: new_expr

Return a new local runtime_variable initialized with the C expression cexpr.
fun new_named_var(mtype: MType, name: String): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: new_named_var

Return a new uninitialized named runtime_variable
fun new_var(mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: new_var

Return a new uninitialized local runtime_variable
fun new_var_extern(mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: new_var_extern

The difference with new_var is the C static type of the local variable
fun nit_alloc(size: String, tag: nullable String): String

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: nit_alloc

Allocate size bytes with the low_level nit_alloc C function
intern fun object_id: Int

core :: Object :: object_id

An internal hash code for the object based on its identity.
fun object_type: MClassType

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: object_type

Alias for self.compiler.mainmodule.object_type
fun output

core :: Object :: output

Display self on stdout (debug only).
intern fun output_class_name

core :: Object :: output_class_name

Display class name on stdout (debug only).
abstract fun read_attribute(a: MAttribute, recv: RuntimeVariable): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: read_attribute

Generate a polymorphic attribute read
fun require_declaration(key: String)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: require_declaration

Request the presence of a global declaration
fun ret(s: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: ret

Generate a return with the value s
private fun ret_to_c(src: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: ret_to_c

Return a RuntimeVarible to C user code
abstract fun routine_ref_call(mmethoddef: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: routine_ref_call

Call the underlying referenced function
abstract fun routine_ref_instance(routine_mclass_type: MClassType, recv: RuntimeVariable, callsite: CallSite): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: routine_ref_instance

Instantiate a new routine pointer
abstract fun send(m: MMethod, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: send

Generate a polymorphic send for the method m and the arguments args
fun serialization_hash: Int

core :: Object :: serialization_hash

Hash value use for serialization
fun set_finalizer(recv: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: set_finalizer

Set a GC finalizer on recv, only if recv isa Finalizable
fun stmt(nexpr: nullable AExpr)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: stmt

Compile a statement (if any)
fun string_instance(string: String): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: string_instance

Generate a string value
abstract fun supercall(m: MMethodDef, recvtype: MClassType, args: Array[RuntimeVariable]): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: supercall

Generate a super call from a method definition
intern fun sys: Sys

core :: Object :: sys

Return the global sys object, the only instance of the Sys class.
private fun table_send(mmethod: MMethod, arguments: Array[RuntimeVariable], mentity: MEntity): nullable RuntimeVariable

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: table_send

abstract fun to_jvalue(env: JniEnv): JValue

core :: Object :: to_jvalue

fun to_s: String

core :: Object :: to_s

User readable representation of self.
fun type_info(value: RuntimeVariable): String

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor :: type_info

Returns a C expression of the runtime type structure of the value.
abstract fun type_test(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType, tag: String): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: type_test

Generate a polymorphic subtype test
abstract fun unbox_extern(value: RuntimeVariable, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: unbox_extern

Unbox extern classes to be used in extern code (legacy NI and FFI)
abstract fun unbox_signature_extern(m: MMethodDef, args: Array[RuntimeVariable])

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: unbox_signature_extern

Unbox all the arguments of a method when implemented extern or intern
private fun var_from_c(name: String, mtype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: var_from_c

Create a RuntimeVariable for this C variable originating from C user code
abstract fun vararg_instance(mpropdef: MPropDef, recv: RuntimeVariable, varargs: Array[RuntimeVariable], elttype: MType): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: vararg_instance

Get an instance of a array for a vararg
fun varargize(mpropdef: MMethodDef, map: nullable SignatureMap, recv: RuntimeVariable, args: SequenceRead[AExpr]): Array[RuntimeVariable]

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: varargize

Evaluate args as expressions in the call of mpropdef on recv.
fun variable(variable: Variable): RuntimeVariable

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: variable

Return the local runtime_variable associated to a Nit local variable
abstract fun write_attribute(a: MAttribute, recv: RuntimeVariable, value: RuntimeVariable)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: write_attribute

Generate a polymorphic attribute write
protected fun writer=(writer: CodeWriter)

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor :: writer=

package_diagram nitc::SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor nitc::SeparateCompilerVisitor SeparateCompilerVisitor nitc::SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor->nitc::SeparateCompilerVisitor nitc::AbstractCompilerVisitor AbstractCompilerVisitor nitc::SeparateCompilerVisitor->nitc::AbstractCompilerVisitor ...nitc::AbstractCompilerVisitor ... ...nitc::AbstractCompilerVisitor->nitc::AbstractCompilerVisitor

Ancestors

abstract class AbstractCompilerVisitor

nitc :: AbstractCompilerVisitor

A visitor on the AST of property definition that generate the C code.
interface Object

core :: Object

The root of the class hierarchy.

Parents

class SeparateCompilerVisitor

nitc :: SeparateCompilerVisitor

A visitor on the AST of property definition that generate the C code of a separate compilation process.

Class definitions

nitc $ SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor
class SeparateErasureCompilerVisitor
	super SeparateCompilerVisitor

	redef fun compile_callsite(callsite, arguments)
	do
		var res = super
		if callsite.erasure_cast and not self.compiler.as(SeparateErasureCompiler).modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_no_check_erasure_cast.value then
			assert res != null
			var mtype = callsite.msignature.return_mtype
			assert mtype != null
			self.add("/* Erasure cast for return {res} isa {mtype} */")
			var cond = self.type_test(res, mtype, "erasure")
			self.add("if (!{cond}) \{")
			#var x = self.class_name_string(res)
			#var y = self.class_name_string(arguments.first)
			#self.add("PRINT_ERROR(\"Erasure cast: expected {mtype} (self is %s), got %s for {res}\\n\", {y}, {x});")
			self.add_abort("Cast failed")
			self.add("\}")
		end
		return res
	end

	redef fun init_instance(mtype)
	do
		self.require_declaration("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
		return self.new_expr("NEW_{mtype.mclass.c_name}()", mtype)
	end

	redef fun type_test(value, mtype, tag)
	do
		self.add("/* type test for {value.inspect} isa {mtype} */")

		var res = self.new_var(bool_type)

		var cltype = self.get_name("cltype")
		self.add_decl("int {cltype};")
		var idtype = self.get_name("idtype")
		self.add_decl("int {idtype};")

		var maybe_null = self.maybe_null(value)
		var accept_null = "0"
		if mtype isa MNullableType then
			mtype = mtype.mtype
			accept_null = "1"
		end
		if mtype isa MParameterType then
			# Here we get the bound of the the formal type (eh, erasure...)
			mtype = mtype.resolve_for(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, false)
			if mtype isa MNullableType then
				mtype = mtype.mtype
				accept_null = "1"
			end
		end

		if value.mcasttype.is_subtype(self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.mmodule, self.frame.mpropdef.mclassdef.bound_mtype, mtype) then
			self.add("{res} = 1; /* easy {value.inspect} isa {mtype}*/")
			if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
				self.compiler.count_type_test_skipped[tag] += 1
				self.add("count_type_test_skipped_{tag}++;")
			end
			return res
		end

		var class_ptr
		if not value.mtype.is_c_primitive then
			class_ptr = "{value}->class->"
		else
			var mclass = value.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass
			self.require_declaration("class_{mclass.c_name}")
			class_ptr = "class_{mclass.c_name}."
		end

		if mtype isa MClassType then
			self.require_declaration("class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}")
			self.add("{cltype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.color;")
			self.add("{idtype} = class_{mtype.mclass.c_name}.id;")
			if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
				self.compiler.count_type_test_resolved[tag] += 1
				self.add("count_type_test_resolved_{tag}++;")
			end
		else if mtype isa MVirtualType then
			var recv = self.frame.arguments.first
			var recv_ptr
			if not recv.mtype.is_c_primitive then
				recv_ptr = "{recv}->class->"
			else
				var mclass = recv.mtype.as(MClassType).mclass
				self.require_declaration("class_{mclass.c_name}")
				recv_ptr = "class_{mclass.c_name}."
			end
			var entry = self.get_name("entry")
			self.add("struct vts_entry {entry};")
			self.require_declaration(mtype.mproperty.const_color)
			self.add("{entry} = {recv_ptr}vts_table->vts[{mtype.mproperty.const_color}];")
			self.add("{cltype} = {entry}.class->color;")
			self.add("{idtype} = {entry}.class->id;")
			if maybe_null and accept_null == "0" then
				var is_nullable = self.get_name("is_nullable")
				self.add_decl("short int {is_nullable};")
				self.add("{is_nullable} = {entry}.is_nullable;")
				accept_null = is_nullable.to_s
			end
			if compiler.modelbuilder.toolcontext.opt_typing_test_metrics.value then
				self.compiler.count_type_test_unresolved[tag] += 1
				self.add("count_type_test_unresolved_{tag}++;")
			end
		else
			self.debug("type_test({value.inspect}, {mtype})")
			abort
		end

		# check color is in table
		if maybe_null then
			self.add("if({value} == NULL) \{")
			self.add("{res} = {accept_null};")
			self.add("\} else \{")
		end
		self.add("if({cltype} >= {class_ptr}type_table->size) \{")
		self.add("{res} = 0;")
		self.add("\} else \{")
		self.add("{res} = {class_ptr}type_table->table[{cltype}] == {idtype};")
		self.add("\}")
		if maybe_null then
			self.add("\}")
		end

		return res
	end

	redef fun unbox_extern(value, mtype)
	do
		if mtype isa MClassType and mtype.mclass.kind == extern_kind and
		   mtype.mclass.name != "CString" then
			var pointer_type = compiler.mainmodule.pointer_type
			var res = self.new_var_extern(mtype)
			self.add "{res} = ((struct instance_{pointer_type.c_name}*){value})->value; /* unboxing {value.mtype} */"
			return res
		else
			return value
		end
	end

	redef fun box_extern(value, mtype)
	do
		if mtype isa MClassType and mtype.mclass.kind == extern_kind and
		   mtype.mclass.name != "CString" then
			var valtype = compiler.mainmodule.pointer_type
			var res = self.new_var(mtype)
			if compiler.runtime_type_analysis != null and not compiler.runtime_type_analysis.live_types.has(value.mtype.as(MClassType)) then
				self.add("/*no boxing of {value.mtype}: {value.mtype} is not live! */")
				self.add("PRINT_ERROR(\"Dead code executed!\\n\"); fatal_exit(1);")
				return res
			end
			self.require_declaration("BOX_{valtype.c_name}")
			self.add("{res} = BOX_{valtype.c_name}({value}); /* boxing {value.mtype} */")
			self.require_declaration("class_{mtype.c_name}")
			self.add("{res}->class = &class_{mtype.c_name};")
			return res
		else
			return value
		end
	end

	redef fun class_name_string(value)
	do
		var res = self.get_name("var_class_name")
		self.add_decl("const char* {res};")
		if not value.mtype.is_c_primitive then
			self.add "{res} = {value} == NULL ? \"null\" : {value}->class->name;"
		else
			self.require_declaration("class_{value.mtype.c_name}")
			self.add "{res} = class_{value.mtype.c_name}.name;"
		end
		return res
	end

	redef fun native_array_instance(elttype, length)
	do
		var nclass = mmodule.native_array_class
		var mtype = nclass.get_mtype([elttype])
		var res = self.new_var(mtype)
		res.is_exact = true
		self.require_declaration("NEW_{nclass.c_name}")
		length = autobox(length, compiler.mainmodule.int_type)
		self.add("{res} = NEW_{nclass.c_name}({length});")
		return res
	end

        redef fun routine_ref_instance(routine_type, recv, callsite)
        do
		var mmethoddef = callsite.mpropdef
                #debug "ENTER ref_instance"
                var mmethod = mmethoddef.mproperty
                # routine_mclass is the specialized one, e.g: FunRef1, ProcRef2, etc..
                var routine_mclass = routine_type.mclass

                var nclasses = mmodule.model.get_mclasses_by_name("RoutineRef").as(not null)
                var base_routine_mclass = nclasses.first

                # All routine classes use the same `NEW` constructor.
                # However, they have different declared `class` and `type` value.
                self.require_declaration("NEW_{base_routine_mclass.c_name}")

                var recv_class_cname = recv.mcasttype.as(MClassType).mclass.c_name
                var my_recv = recv

                if recv.mtype.is_c_primitive then
                        my_recv = autobox(recv, mmodule.object_type)
                end
                var my_recv_mclass_type = my_recv.mtype.as(MClassType)

                # The class of the concrete Routine must exist (e.g ProcRef0, FunRef0, etc.)
                self.require_declaration("class_{routine_mclass.c_name}")

                self.require_declaration(mmethoddef.c_name)

                var thunk_function = mmethoddef.callref_thunk(my_recv_mclass_type)
                var runtime_function = mmethoddef.virtual_runtime_function

                var is_c_equiv = runtime_function.msignature.c_equiv(thunk_function.msignature)

                var c_ref = thunk_function.c_ref
                if is_c_equiv then
                        var const_color = mmethoddef.mproperty.const_color
                        c_ref = "{class_info(my_recv)}->vft[{const_color}]"
                        self.require_declaration(const_color)
                else
                        self.require_declaration(thunk_function.c_name)
                        compiler.thunk_todo(thunk_function)
                end
                compiler.thunk_todo(thunk_function)

                # Each RoutineRef points to a receiver AND a callref_thunk
                var res = self.new_expr("NEW_{base_routine_mclass.c_name}({my_recv}, (nitmethod_t){c_ref}, &class_{routine_mclass.c_name})", routine_type)
                #debug "LEAVING ref_instance"
                return res

        end
end
src/compiler/separate_erasure_compiler.nit:535,1--773,3